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(Q2) MA 21: Medical Assistant Diagnostic Procedures > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

absorption

A

movement of a drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream

this is influenced by route, blood flow to absorption area, ability of medication to be absorbed, and conditions at the absorption site

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2
Q

ac

A

ante cibum - before meals

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3
Q

action

A

how the drug provides therapeutic results in the body, or the use of the drug

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4
Q

addiction

A

disease that occurs when a person cannot stop or limit the use of a drug, even after negative consequences have been experienced

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5
Q

adverse reactions

A

AKA side effects

describes known undesirable experiences associated with medication; it may be divided in severe, moderate, and mild

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6
Q

Allis tissue forceps

A
  • available in different lengths and jaw widths
  • used to grasp tissue, muscle, or skin surrounding a wound
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7
Q

antagonism

A

interaction between chemicals or therapeutic agents, in which one substance partially or completely inhibits or counteracts the effect of the other

In short: substance that stops the action or effect of another substance.

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8
Q

anticoagulant

A

substances that prevent clotting of blood

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9
Q

bid

A

two times a day

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10
Q

biological half-life

A

time it takes half of the drug to be metabolized or eliminated by normal biologic processes

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11
Q

Broselow Tape

What it is and how it is used

A

colored tape to measure a child/infant from the top of the head to the heel

tape lists common medication dosages and emergency equipment sizes that should be used for that child’s size

this speeds up the response time for treating children in emergencies

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12
Q

centrifuge

How we load it and what it does

A

an instrument to separate solids from liquids

it needs to be balances so therefore an even number of tubes at all time

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13
Q

CLIA

What it is, types of categories, and where these types of tests are performed

A

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments - established quality standards for all clinical lab testing

Categories include waived tests (home tests), moderate complexity tests and high complexity tests (done by a qualified personnel at a hospital or reference lab)

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14
Q

contraindications

A

reasons or conditions that make administration of the drug improper or undesirable

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15
Q

culture & sensitivity

A

procedure in which a specimen is cultured on microbiologic media to detect bacterial or fungal growth, which is followed by screening for antibiotic sensitivity

this is performed in the microbiology department of a referral laboratory

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16
Q

dependence

A

when you need one or more drugs to function

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17
Q

disinfection

A

process of killing pathogenic organisms or rendering them inactive

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18
Q

distribution

A

movement of absorbed drug from the blood to the body tissues

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19
Q

duration

A

the length of time that particular drug is effective (according to Google)

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20
Q

duty of care

A

healthcare professional’s legal obligation to the patient

comes from provider-patient relationship

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21
Q

emergency care

A

Hospital services necessary to prevent the death or serious impairment of the health of the recipient.

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22
Q

excretion

A

metabolites excreted from body; most drugs are excreted through the large intestines and kidneys

large intestines excretes undigested products in the stool

kidneys excrete in urine

also in breast milk

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23
Q

F.A.S.T

A

way to spot a stroke

Face drooping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time to call 911

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24
Q

indications

A

conditions or diseases for which the drug is used

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25
Q

interaction

A

products that either increase or decrease the medication levels in the blood.

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26
Q

metabolism

A

series of chemical processes whereby enzymes change drugs in the body

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27
Q

MI

What it is, signs & symptoms

A

Myocardial Infarction
Heart attack

coronary arteries blocked by clot or narrowed from plaque

pain, heart burn, cold sweats, chest pain (angina pectoris), shortness of breath, arrhythmia, light headedness

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28
Q

MSDS

A

Material Safety Data Sheets

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29
Q

peak

A

time it takes for the drug to reach its greatest effective concentration in the blood

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30
Q

po

A

by mouth

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31
Q

potentiation

A

A type of synergism; one drug increases the effect of the second drug.

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32
Q

precautions

A

Preventative steps needed to be taken by healthcare team members and staff at healthcare facilities to prevent the spread of infections.

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33
Q

preservative

A

substances added to a specimen to prevent the deterioration of cells or chemicals

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34
Q

qid

A

four times a day

35
Q

reagent

A

substance for use in a chemical reaction

36
Q

sanitization

A

cleansing process that removes organic material and reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level

should be done immediately after use

37
Q

side effects

A

unpleasant effects of a drug in addition to desired or therapeutic effect

38
Q

splinter forceps

A

fine tip for foreign object removal

39
Q

standard of care

A

level and type of care an ordinary, prudent healthcare professional with same training and experience in a similar practice would have provided under a similar situation

40
Q

sterilization

A

the process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms

41
Q

tenaculum forceps

A

sharp, pointed tips

used to hold tissue while a tissue specimen is being obtained or to lift cervix so fornix can be seen

42
Q

thumb forceps

A

AKA dressing forceps, 4-12’’ in length

varying types of serrated jaws - NO TEETH

used to insert packing into or remove objects from deep cavities

43
Q

tid

A

3 times a day

44
Q

tolerance

A

state in which body becomes accustomed to ingested substances therefore the user requires greater amounts to create the desired effect

45
Q

toothed tissue forceps

A

4-18’’ in length, pincher grip

used to grab tissue, muscle, or skin surrounding a wound

46
Q

urinalysis

A

physical, chemical, and microscopical examination of urine

color, clarity, and specific gravity noted

47
Q

uterine curette

A

hollow and spoon shaped, used for scraping

used to remove polyps, secretions, and bits of placental tissue

48
Q

VIS

What it is and what it is used for

A

created by the CDC - vaccine information sheet

provides information on benefits and risks of vaccine, displayed on computer or laminated sheet

49
Q

allergy testing patient preparation

A

stop long-acting antihistamines for 5-days before testing

stop all OTC cold, sleep, and allergy meds, prescribed allergy medication, and specific acid reflux meds 3-days before the test

50
Q

anaphylaxis and how it is treated in the ambulatory care setting

A

severe allergic reaction that can be life threatening

  • give epinephrine; stay with the patient; monitor airway, breathing, pulse; patient lies flat and raises feet 12’’; and if a bee sting, scrape stinger because squeezing can release venom
51
Q

animals that carry rabies

A

raccoons, skunks, bats, woodchucks (groundhogs), foxes, coyotes, cattle, cats, dogs

52
Q

autoclave process

A
53
Q

how are drugs excreted through the body?

A

most are through large intestines and kidneys; also breastmilk

54
Q

how do you care for a patient that has a musculoskeletal emergency?

A

apply pressure to wound

immobilize injured area

apply cold pack to limit swelling

if shock, lie person down with head slightly lower than abdomen and elevate legs

55
Q

clinical laboratories and types of tests performed

A

physician office laboratories –> urinalysis, hematology, chemistry, and microbiology

56
Q

common specimen types

A

blood, urine, swab from wounds or mucous membranes

less frequent = feces, gastric contents, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue samples, semen, aspirate

57
Q

controlled substances - procedures

A
58
Q

drug action

  • depressing
  • destroying
  • replacing substances
  • stimulating
A

depressing: slows down cells activity

destroying: kills cells or disrupts parts of cells

replacing substances: substances required by body given as meds (ex: insulin)

stimulating: increases cells activity

59
Q

drug classifications

A

how drugs are grouped

60
Q

drug usages

  • health maintenance
  • palliative
  • prevention
  • treatment
A

health maintenance: meds used to maintain or enhance health (vitamins/minerals)

palliative: drugs that DO NOT cure or treat, but improve quality of life (morphine)

prevention: drugs used to prevent disease (vaccine)

treatment: drugs that relieve symptoms while body fights off the disease (acetaminophen brings down fever)

61
Q

epistaxis and ways to control it

A

nosebleed

sit upright and lean forward, pinch nostrils until bleeding stops

62
Q

factors that have an effect of drugs…

  • action
  • rate of absorption
A

action: therapeutic effects (intended action), adverse reactions

rate of absorption: route, blood flow to absorption area, ability of medication to be absorbed, conditions at site of absorption

63
Q

how do you care for a patient that has diabetic ketoacidosis or insulin shock?

A

diabetic ketoacidosis: call 911 and get help, monitor airway and pulse. perform CPR as needed. IV fluids, insulin, and monitoring

insulin shock: take blood glucose; if conscious and can swallow, give 4oz juice or regular soda, or 3 glucose tablets. Test every 15 minutes. If <70, give additional. unconscious&raquo_space; recovery position and 911. monitor airway and pulse. 1mL glucagon, subcu pr IM

64
Q

information that is placed on specimen labels

A

Must be printed in marker or ink, must include patient’s:
-name
-date
-time of collections
-and the type of specimen

65
Q

injection angles

  • ID
  • IM
  • Subcut
A

ID: 10-15 degrees

IM: 90 degrees

Subcut: 45 degrees

66
Q

instrument sterilization procedures

A

-Decontaminate
-Clean
-Disinfect
-Lubricate
-Sort
-Reassemble
-Wrap
-Sterilize
-Store properly

67
Q

instrument types, handling, & locking mechanisms

A
68
Q

reasons for parenteral medication administration

A

faster acting because goes directly into bloodstream

69
Q

medication administration routes

A

oral, sublingual and buccal, transdermal, inhalation, topical (vaginal, rectal, nasal, ocular, otic), irrigation, parenteral

70
Q

national fire protection association identification system

A

hazard diamond (top is red for flammability, left is blue for inhalants, bottom is white for PPE, right is yellow for reactivity or stability hazard)

71
Q

needle and syringe size for injections

  • ID
  • IM
  • Subcut
A

ID: 1/4 - 5/8”, 25-27 gauge, 1mL

IM: 5/8-1-1/2’’, 22-25 gauge, 3mL

Subcut: 5/8” with 45 degree angle, 25 gauge, 3mL

72
Q

Nine rules of medication administration

A

Maybe Dogs Really Talk, PETs Truly Do

Medication, Dose, Route, Time (completed when preparing med)

Patient, Education, To refuse, Technique (completed with patient prior to administration)

Documentation (done after giving medication)

73
Q

parts of a needle and syringe

A

Syringe
- Plunger
- Barrel
- Plain Tip

Needle
- Hub
- Shaft
- Lumen
- Bevel

74
Q

parts of the prescription

A

-Name of patient
-name of medication
-Diagnosis
-Strength
-Route of medication
-Form of medication
-Refills
-Directions for patient
-Quantity
-date
-days supply

75
Q

poisoning - signs and symptoms

A

bluish lips, cough, difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, chest pain, confusion, dizziness, double vision, drowsiness, irritability, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, numbness, tingling, seizures, unconsciousness, stupor, weakness, unusual odor

76
Q

procedures for CPR

A

-Call 911 or ask someone else to.
-Lay the person on their back and open their airway.
-Check for breathing. If they are not breathing, start CPR.
-Perform 30 chest compressions.
-Perform two rescue breaths.
-Repeat until an ambulance or automated external defibrillator (AED) arrives.

77
Q

skin preparation for surgical procedures

A

1) wash hands or use hand sanitizer
2) greet patient, Identify yourself, Verify Pt Identity, explain procedure, answer any questions the pt may have on the procedure
3) ask patient to remove any clothing that might interfere with exposure of the site and provide a gown if needed.
4) Assist the patient into the proper position for site exposure. provide a drape if necessary
5) expose the site, use a light if necessary
6) if hair is present, the area may need to be shaved. Put on gloves and shave the required area with electric clippers
7) While wearing gloves, open the skin prep pack and add the soap to the 2 bowls
8) start at the incision site and begin washing with the soap on a gauze sponge in a circular motion to outside drags contaminants away from the incision site
9) after complete wipe, discard the sponge and begin again with a new sponge soaked in the antiseptic solution
10) repeat the process using sufficient friction for 5 mins
11) rinse the area with sterile normal saline solution
12) dry the area, using the same circular technique with dry sponges
13) paint on the antiseptic with the cotton tipped applicators
14) place a sterile drape and/or towel over the area
15) answer all the pt’s questions to relieve anxiety about the upcoming surgical procedure
16) document completion of the skin prep in pt’s health record

78
Q

specimen collection - how to handle, which can be at room temperature and when to chill

A
79
Q

sterile field - procedures

A

1)make sure stand/countertop is dust free and clean. If not disinfect and allow to air dry
2)wash or sanitize hands and make sure they dry
3)Gather supplies, check label of ordered solution, check solution name and the expiration date
4)If using an autoclaved pack, check the indicator tape for a color change
5)Open the outside cover
6)open the outermost flap. Next open the 1st flap away from you
7)open the 2nd corner, pulling to the side
8) be careful to lift the flaps by touching only the small, folded-black tab and without touching or crossing over the inner surface of the pack or its contents. Open remaining 2 corners of the pack
9)you have a sterile drape as a sterile field
10) open a package containing sterile transfer forceps. Using sterile technique, handle the sterile forceps by the ring handle only. Always point the forceps tips down
11)grasp an item on the sterile field with the sterile forceps
12) set forceps aside after 1 time use
13) check label of ordered solution
14) check label of ordered solution again
15) lift the lid of the bottle straight up and then slightly to one side; hold the lid in your nondominant hand facing downward
16)Pour away from the label without allowing any part of the bottle to touch the bowl and without crossing over the sterile field
17)tilt the bottle up to stop the pouring while it is still over the bowl
19) check the label of the solution for the 3rd time

80
Q

suture scissors - describe how they look

A

blade as bleak or hook to slide under sutures

81
Q

temperature for laboratory incubators

A

95-98.6 degrees F

82
Q

types of burns and what layer of skin is affected

A

First-degree (superficial): epidermis

Second-degree (partial-thickness): Epidermis and part of the dermis

Third-degree (full-thickness): Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue

Fourth-degree (deep full-thickness): Beyond subcutaneous tissue into muscle and bone

83
Q

types of medication forms

  • liquid
  • solid
  • semi-solid
A

solid + semi-solid: commonly prescribed and found OTC

liquid + semi-solid: various uses. swallowed, rubbed on skin, instilled in nose, eyes, and ears

liquid: taken by children, older adults, and those with swallowing problems (mixed with water, alcohol, or both; if active med dissolves = solution, if active med doesn’t dissolve = suspension)

(Q2) MA 21: Medical Assistant Diagnostic Procedures (2 decks)

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