Midterm Review Flashcards by Chelsea Petruzzo-Ferraro

What is an electron?

It’s a Negative Charge

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a proton?

It’s a positive charge.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metal Properties

-Left side of the staircase
-Solid at room temperature
-Ductile and Malleable
-Shiny
-Reacts with acids
-Good conductors of heat and electricity.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Nonmetal properties

-Right side of the staircase
-Most are liquid at room temperature
-Not good conductors
-Can be reduced to powder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Metalloids properties

-Semi-Conductor
-Properties of both metals and nonmetals.
-Alongside the staircase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alkaline Metals

-First Column
-Soft and malleable
-Stored in oil
-They form molecules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alkali Earth Metals

-Second column
-Don’t react to air
-Soft and reactive
-Combine to form molecules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Halogens

-Second to the last column
-Disinfectants
-Combine to form compounds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Noble-Gases

-Last column
-Unreactive
-Exist Alone
-Stable

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is used for lewis notation?

Valence Electrons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a period?

Vertical ( Number Of Shells )

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a group?

Horizontal ( Valence Electrons )

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an Ion?

An atom that’s been electrically charged by losing or gaining an electron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Losing electrons make a…

Positive charged Ion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gaining electrons make a…

Negatively charged ion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an electrolyte?

A substance that, when dissolved in water, allows an electric current to flow.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is electrolytic disassociation?

When dissolved in water, an electrolyte separates into a negative and positive ion.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Acids.

-Sour Taste
-Blue: Red
-Red: Red
-H Ion + Non Metals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bases.

-Bitter Taste
-Blue: blue
-Red: blue
-OH Ion + Metals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Salts.

-Neutral
-Blue: Blue
-Red: Red
-Non metals + Metals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Neutralization

Base + Acids ——> Salt + Water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Law conservation of mass

Mass cannot be created or destroyed only transferred or transformed.

Solar:
Radiant:
Electric:
Sound:
Wind:
Hydraulic:
Nuclear:
Mechanical:
Chemical:
Thermal:

Solar: Energy from photons
Radiant: Energy from the electromagnetic spectrum
Electric: Energy of moving electrons
Sound: Energy of vibrating particles
Wind: Energy of moving air
Hydraulic: Energy of moving water
Nuclear: Energy from the nucleus
Mechanical: Energy of movement or motion
Chemical: Energy inside bonds between atoms
Thermal: Energy of particles in motion

Law Conservation of energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred or transformed.

Energy efficiency?

. e.e.= useful / consumed x 100

Dissipated energy?

Consumed-Useful=dissipated

Temperature

Measurement Of Thermal Energy

Heat

Transfer of energy

More particles

More thermal energy

Higher temperature

More particles

Factors that influence Thermal energy

Temperature and particles

Carbon Cycle

Photosynthesis, Ingestion, Respiration, Decomposition of waste, Forest Fires, Shells and skeletons, Carbonate rock, Volcanic eruptions, Fossil fuels

Nitrogen Cycle

Plants need nitrogen for protein and DNA. They can't get nitrogen in its atmospheric form so they use bacteria to change nitrogen.

What is permafrost?

A thick layer of soil that's permanently frozen.

What happens to permafrost in summer?

The top layer defrosts, allowing plants to grow, once those plants die, they decompose, releasing CO2------> Increases climate change.

What happens to permafrost in winter?

freezes over again

Consequences of permafrost

-Landslides -Unstable house foundations -Increase in climate change

Nuclear Energy

-Non-Renewable -Emits very little amount of greenhouse gases. -Very efficient Consequence: Very dangerous, Emits nuclear waste, accidents

Fossil Fuels

-Non-Renewable -Releases greenhouse gases

Geothermal Energy

-Renewable -No greenhouse gases -Internal heat of the earth

Combustion

Oxygen: Necessary to cause fuel to react Fuel: Releases a lot of energy with an oxidant Ignition temperature: Minimum temperature for a combustion

Rapid Combustion

short period of time → lots of energy, mostly in form of heat or light

Spontaneous Combustion

Reaches ignition temperature by itself

Slow Combustion

Long period of time → release energy gradually

Watersheds

All smaller bodies of water ( Rivers, Lakes ) flow to the same larger body of water.

Cryosphere

Solid water (Ice)

Glaciers

When detached from land they are called icebergs

What happens when icebergs melt

Rise in sea level

Pack Ice

Thin layer of ice on surface

What happens when pack ice melts

-No rise in sea level -Decreases albedo

Thermohaline circulation

Connects all the currents and moves water around the world Temperature + Salinity

How does the thermohaline circulation connect to the greenhouse effect?

It is responsible for major transfers of heat around the world which regulates the earth’s climate

Temperature and salinity

↑ temp: density decreases, warm water rises ↓ temp: density increases, cold water sinks ↑ salinity: density increases, salt water sinks ↓salinity: density decreases, fresh water rises

Hydraulic Energy

-Renewable -Very little;e greenhouse gases Consequences: Flooding Destroying habitats Releases mercury into the soil