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EST > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is an electron?

A

It’s a Negative Charge

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2
Q

What is a proton?

A

It’s a positive charge.

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3
Q

Metal Properties

A

-Left side of the staircase
-Solid at room temperature
-Ductile and Malleable
-Shiny
-Reacts with acids
-Good conductors of heat and electricity.

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4
Q

Nonmetal properties

A

-Right side of the staircase
-Most are liquid at room temperature
-Not good conductors
-Can be reduced to powder

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5
Q

Metalloids properties

A

-Semi-Conductor
-Properties of both metals and nonmetals.
-Alongside the staircase

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6
Q

Alkaline Metals

A

-First Column
-Soft and malleable
-Stored in oil
-They form molecules

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7
Q

Alkali Earth Metals

A

-Second column
-Don’t react to air
-Soft and reactive
-Combine to form molecules

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8
Q

Halogens

A

-Second to the last column
-Disinfectants
-Combine to form compounds

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9
Q

Noble-Gases

A

-Last column
-Unreactive
-Exist Alone
-Stable

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10
Q

What is used for lewis notation?

A

Valence Electrons

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11
Q

What is a period?

A

Vertical ( Number Of Shells )

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12
Q

What is a group?

A

Horizontal ( Valence Electrons )

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13
Q

What is an Ion?

A

An atom that’s been electrically charged by losing or gaining an electron

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14
Q

Losing electrons make a…

A

Positive charged Ion

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15
Q

Gaining electrons make a…

A

Negatively charged ion

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16
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A substance that, when dissolved in water, allows an electric current to flow.

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17
Q

What is electrolytic disassociation?

A

When dissolved in water, an electrolyte separates into a negative and positive ion.

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18
Q

Acids.

A

-Sour Taste
-Blue: Red
-Red: Red
-H Ion + Non Metals

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19
Q

Bases.

A

-Bitter Taste
-Blue: blue
-Red: blue
-OH Ion + Metals

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20
Q

Salts.

A

-Neutral
-Blue: Blue
-Red: Red
-Non metals + Metals

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21
Q

Neutralization

A

Base + Acids ——> Salt + Water

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22
Q

Law conservation of mass

A

Mass cannot be created or destroyed only transferred or transformed.

23
Q

Solar:
Radiant:
Electric:
Sound:
Wind:
Hydraulic:
Nuclear:
Mechanical:
Chemical:
Thermal:

A

Solar: Energy from photons
Radiant: Energy from the electromagnetic spectrum
Electric: Energy of moving electrons
Sound: Energy of vibrating particles
Wind: Energy of moving air
Hydraulic: Energy of moving water
Nuclear: Energy from the nucleus
Mechanical: Energy of movement or motion
Chemical: Energy inside bonds between atoms
Thermal: Energy of particles in motion

24
Q

Law Conservation of energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transferred or transformed.

25
Q

Energy efficiency?

A

. e.e.= useful / consumed x 100

26
Q

Dissipated energy?

A

Consumed-Useful=dissipated

27
Q

Temperature

A

Measurement Of Thermal Energy

28
Q

Heat

A

Transfer of energy

29
Q

More particles

A

More thermal energy

30
Q

Higher temperature

A

More particles

31
Q

Factors that influence Thermal energy

A

Temperature and particles

32
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

Photosynthesis, Ingestion, Respiration, Decomposition of waste, Forest Fires, Shells and skeletons, Carbonate rock, Volcanic eruptions, Fossil fuels

33
Q

Nitrogen Cycle

A

Plants need nitrogen for protein and DNA.
They can’t get nitrogen in its atmospheric form so they use bacteria to change nitrogen.

34
Q

What is permafrost?

A

A thick layer of soil that’s permanently frozen.

35
Q

What happens to permafrost in summer?

A

The top layer defrosts, allowing plants to grow, once those plants die, they decompose, releasing CO2——> Increases climate change.

36
Q

What happens to permafrost in winter?

A

freezes over again

37
Q

Consequences of permafrost

A

-Landslides
-Unstable house foundations
-Increase in climate change

38
Q

Nuclear Energy

A

-Non-Renewable
-Emits very little amount of greenhouse gases.
-Very efficient

Consequence:
Very dangerous, Emits nuclear waste, accidents

39
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

-Non-Renewable
-Releases greenhouse gases

40
Q

Geothermal Energy

A

-Renewable
-No greenhouse gases
-Internal heat of the earth

41
Q

Combustion

A

Oxygen: Necessary to cause fuel to react
Fuel: Releases a lot of energy with an oxidant
Ignition temperature: Minimum temperature for a combustion

42
Q

Rapid Combustion

A

short period of time → lots of energy, mostly in form of heat or light

43
Q

Spontaneous Combustion

A

Reaches ignition temperature by itself

44
Q

Slow Combustion

A

Long period of time → release energy gradually

45
Q

Watersheds

A

All smaller bodies of water ( Rivers, Lakes ) flow to the same larger body of water.

45
Q

Cryosphere

A

Solid water (Ice)

46
Q

Glaciers

A

When detached from land they are called icebergs

47
Q

What happens when icebergs melt

A

Rise in sea level

48
Q

Pack Ice

A

Thin layer of ice on surface

49
Q

What happens when pack ice melts

A

-No rise in sea level
-Decreases albedo

50
Q

Thermohaline circulation

A

Connects all the currents and moves water around the world
Temperature + Salinity

51
Q

How does the thermohaline circulation connect to the greenhouse effect?

A

It is responsible for major transfers of heat around the world which regulates the earth’s climate

52
Q

Temperature and salinity

A

↑ temp: density decreases, warm water rises
↓ temp: density increases, cold water sinks
↑ salinity: density increases, salt water sinks
↓salinity: density decreases, fresh water rises

53
Q

Hydraulic Energy

A

-Renewable
-Very little;e greenhouse gases

Consequences:
Flooding
Destroying habitats
Releases mercury into the soil

EST (3 decks)

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