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American Government > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the highest level of the Judiciary Branch?

A

The Supreme Court

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2
Q

Which Article defined the powers of Congress?

A

Article I

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3
Q

Which Article defined the powers of the Executive Branch?

A

Article II

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4
Q

Which Article defined the powers of the Judiciary Branch?

A

Article III

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5
Q

Who is the Speaker of the House?

A

Nancy Pelosi

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6
Q

Who is the President of the Senate?

A

The Vice President

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7
Q

Who is the Majority leader?

A

Charles Schmur

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8
Q

Who is the Minority Leader?

A

Mitch McConnell

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9
Q

Who is the Minority Whip?

A

John Thune

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10
Q

What is Gerrymandering?

A

Forming voting districts to be in a certain party’s favor

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11
Q

What freedoms does the First Amendment guarantee?

A

Freedom of Religion, Freedom of Press, Freedom to Petition, Freedom of Assembly, and Freedom of Speech

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12
Q

What section of Article I enumerates the powers of Congress?

A

Section VIII

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13
Q

What is the plurality voting system?

A

Elected winners must achieve the majority of votes

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14
Q

What is the majority voting system?

A

Elected winners must achieve 50% of votes

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15
Q

What did Miranda v Arizona decide?

A

This case guaranteed people must be told they have “the right to remain silent” when arrested

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16
Q

Who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

A

John Roberts

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17
Q

Who are the associate Justices of the Supreme Court?

A

Alito, Thomas, Coney Barrett, Kavanaugh, Brown Jackson, Sotomayor, Kagan, and Gorsuch

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18
Q

What is a Writ of Certiorari?

A

The process of the Supreme Court asking for a case to review from the lower courts

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19
Q

How many Supreme Court judges have to vote yes for the court to review a case?

A

Four

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20
Q

What did the 13th Amendment do?

A

Abolished slavery

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21
Q

What did the 14th Amendment do?

A

Guaranteed citizenship for all naturalized Americans

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22
Q

What did the 15th Amendment do?

A

Guaranteed African American men the right to vote

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23
Q

List five civil liberties guaranteed in the first amendment.

A

Speech, religion, press, assembly, petition

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24
Q

What does the 2nd Amendment guarantee?

A

The right to bear arms

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25
Q

What does the third amendment guarantee?

A

Protects citizens from having soldiers quartered in their homes during peacetime

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26
Q

What does the 4th Amendment guarantee?

A

Prohibits unreasonable search and seizures

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27
Q

What does the 5th Amendment guarantee?

A

Establishes the proceedings for criminal trials

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28
Q

What does the 6th Amendment guarantee?

A

The 6th amendment guarantees the right to a lawyer and impartial jury

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29
Q

What are Black Codes?

A

Jim Crow Laws, laws that disenfranchise African Americans

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30
Q

What is the Prisoner’s Dilemma?

A

Game of group thinking, freeloaders, and personal best outcomes

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31
Q

What are Civil Liberties?

A

Limits the government places on itself to protect citizens

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32
Q

What are Civil Rights?

A

Guarantees the government makes to protect the human rights of citizens

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33
Q

What is a cloture?

A

A Senate procedure that limits speaking to end a filibuster

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34
Q

Who presents legal arguments in front of the Supreme Court?

A

The Solicitor General, Elizabeth Prelogar

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35
Q

Who is the head of the Department of Justice?

A

The Attorney General, Merrick Garland

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36
Q

Where is the Commerce Clause?

A

Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution

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37
Q

What are the three levels of federal courts, starting with the lowest?

A
  1. District Courts
  2. Court of Appeals
  3. Supreme Court
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38
Q

What is de facto segregation?

A

Segregation that comes from practice rather than law

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39
Q

What is de jure segregation?

A

Segregation based in law

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40
Q

How many district courts are there?

A

94

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41
Q

What percentage of submitted cases to do the Supreme Court hear?

A

About 1%

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42
Q

What does the due process clause guarantee?

A

The government can’t infringe on a citizen’s rights without the due process of law

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43
Q

Where is the due process clause found?

A

5th and 14th Amendments

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44
Q

What does the equal protection clause guarantee?

A

Equal protection of the law for all citizens

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45
Q

What is a filibuster?

A

Intentionally holding off a vote through a Senator’s speech

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46
Q

What is the exclusionary rule?

A

Prohibits the use of evidence in court that was obtained through illegal search and seizure

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47
Q

How many commitees are there?

A

24

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48
Q

What are the types of committees?

A

Standing, Joint, Special, and Select

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49
Q

What civil liberity does the free excercise clause gurantee?

A

The freedom of religion

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50
Q

What is libel?

A

Written defamation of someone’s character

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51
Q

What is slander?

A

Spoken defamation of one’s character

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52
Q

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A

A proposal for government structure that was favored by smaller states. It called for a unicameral legislature, One House, strengthening the Articles of Confederation, and the national ability to place and collect taxes.

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53
Q

What was the Virginia Plan?

A

A proposal for government structure favored by larger states. It called for a bicameral legislature, upper and lower houses, both based on population, and the national ability to place and collect taxes.

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54
Q

What is a pocket veto?

A

When the President vetoes a bill by letting it expire on their desk

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55
Q

What is a poll tax?

A

A method of voter disenfranchisement charging voters, disproportionately affecting African Americans

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56
Q

What is the rule of four?

A

Four affirming votes are needed to hear a case on the Supreme Court

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57
Q

What case upheld the separate but equal doctrine?

A

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

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58
Q

What case overruled the separate but equal doctrine?

A

Brown v Board

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59
Q

What is the Supremacy Clause?

A

In Article 6, declares that national laws are supreme, and have precedence over any state or local law

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60
Q

What is tyranny?

A

Method of government with one absolute sovereignty ruling the country

61
Q

What is a republic?

A

A method of government where its elected officials are representative of public interests, but are usually limited by a constitution, so the majority cannot impose on others inalienable rights

62
Q

What is democracy?

A

A method of government where its elected officials are representative of public interests, but don’t have to be technically limited by a constitution

63
Q

What is a unitary government?

A

All governmental power belongs to a central agency

64
Q

What is an Autocratic government?

A

All governmental power belongs to one person

65
Q

What was the Connecticut Compromise?

A

Solution to the Virginia and New Jersey plan

66
Q

What was the Three-Fifths compromise?

A

Declared African Americans to be counted as three fifths of a person for population and taxation counting

67
Q

What was the Grandfather Clause?

A

A rarely applied clause that helped poor whites vote by exempting them from taking literacy tests

68
Q

What is selective incorporation?

A

A doctrine that prohibits states from enacting laws that violate constitutional rights

69
Q

What is strict scrutiny?

A

A court review method that determines if a law is constitutional

70
Q

What was the Lemon Test?

A

A (dead) three part test that determines if laws follow the free exercise clause

71
Q

What blocks Congress from passing laws that make past actions illegal?

A

Article 1, Section 4, (blocks ex post facto laws)

72
Q

What is Substantive Liberty?

A

Restraints limiting what the government has the power to do

73
Q

What is Procedural Liberty?

A

Restraints on how the government can act

74
Q

What do Special Committees do?

A

Temporary committees that investigate cases

75
Q

What do Joint Committees do?

A

Provide administration for both the House and the Senate

76
Q

What do Select Committees do?

A

Temporary committees that consider measures or investigate cases

77
Q

What do Conference Committees do?

A

Reconcile differences in legislation that has passed in both chambers

78
Q

What did the Judiciary Act of 1801 do?

A

Expanded Federal jurisdiction, created 16 new federal judgeships

79
Q

What did Marbury v Madison decide?

A

Established Judicial review, gave the courts the power to strike down laws that violate the constitution

80
Q

What did Dred Scott v Sandford decide?

A

Upheld slavery, and denied African Americans citizenship

81
Q

How many district courts are there?

A

94

82
Q

How many appeal courts are there?

A

13

83
Q

What are the two basic steps of a Supreme Court nomination?

A
  1. Presidential nomination
  2. Senate confirmation
84
Q

What are the four basic steps of the Supreme Court selecting cases?

A
  1. Select Law Clerks
  2. Cert pools, made up of law clerks, give their review
  3. Rule of 4
  4. Amicus Curiae (friends of the court) review cases and help Supreme Court decide if they should review them
85
Q

How does a bill become a law?

A
  1. Bill introduced separately in House and Senate
  2. Bill goes to committee for mark ups
  3. Sent back to House/Senate
  4. Senate debates, House votes
  5. If passes, sent to president
  6. President confirms or vetos
86
Q

How is government power nationalized?

A

Through making the federal government more powerful than the state governments

87
Q

What is the general ranking of Congressional power?

A

The Majority Leader is considered the most powerful person, followed by their parties whips. President of the Senate and Speaker of the House are powerful as well.

88
Q

What district and circuit is KSU in?

A

6th District, 11th Judicial Circuit

89
Q

What is power?

A

An officeholders actual influence with other officeholders, and a consequence, over governmental action

90
Q

Power is to influence what authority is to ___

A

Decision making(?)

91
Q

What is the difference between power and authority?

A

Authority is recognized by the subversive class, power is unidirectional

92
Q

What are institutions?

A

Organizations that make and enforce rules

93
Q

What is a constitutional monarchy?

A

A form of government where the monarch follows a constitution

94
Q

What are the three steps of the lemon test from landmark case Lemon v Kurtzman?

A

Government conduct…
1. Must have a secular purpose
2. Must have a primary effect that does not advance or inhibit religion
3. Not overly involve state with religion

95
Q

Where in the constitution are the enumerated powers of Congress listed?

A

Article I, Section 8

96
Q

When was the constitutional convention?

A

1787

97
Q

How is the president elected?

A
  1. Primaries and Caucuses
  2. National Convention
  3. General Election
  4. Electoral College
98
Q

What is bicameralism?

A

Having two legislative chambers

99
Q

What were the effects of the 3/5 Compromise?

A
  1. Constitution was ratified
  2. African-Americans were continued to be denied citizenship
  3. Limited taxation and representation for states with higher black populations
100
Q

What are conformity costs?

A

The cost an individual pays to be a part of the group

101
Q

What are transaction costs?

A

The costs of doing political business measured by how much effort it takes to make collective decisions

102
Q

What is the take care clause?

A

The provision in Article II, Section 3, of the Constitution instructing the president to “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.”

103
Q

What document predated the constitution?

A

The Articles of Confederation

104
Q

When was the constitution enacted?

A

1789

105
Q

What is cutthroat competition?

A

When states do everything they can to attract successful people and businesses to their states

106
Q

What is the race to the bottom?

A

When states chase away the least successful populations of their state so they can be more successful

107
Q

What is the difference between dual federalism and cooperative federalism?

A

Dual federalism supports state and federal governments have equal power, but are seperate. Cooperative federalism supports state and federal government power being together, and not distinct

108
Q

What enumerated powers does Article I Section 8 give Congress?

A

Regulating commerce, taxation, coining money, spending power, maintaining military, (implied powers= Necessary and Proper Clause)

109
Q

How did pro state (10th and 11th) amendments and pro national (14th and 16th) amendment affect federalism?

A

10th and 11th Amendments strengthened state power, and 14th and 16th Amendments strengthened federal power

110
Q

What was The White Primary?

A

Elections where only white people could vote, especially enforced by Democrats

111
Q

Which of the following is a civil liberty in the first amendment?

A

Correct answers: Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, Petition

112
Q

Which amendment requires a trial by jury in criminal cases if requested by the defendant?

A

The 6th Amendment

113
Q

Who is the President Pro Tempre of the Senate?

A

Patrick Leahy

114
Q

Who is the Majority Whip?

A

Dick Durbin

115
Q

Who is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

A

John Roberts

116
Q

What is amicus curiae?

A

Friend of the court

117
Q

Will you do well on the final?

A

Yes :)

118
Q

How does LOAP define power?

A
119
Q

What are the six characteristics of a bureaucracy?

A
  1. Hierarchical Structure
  2. Division of Labor
  3. Career System
  4. Specified Goals
  5. Impersonality
  6. System of Rules
120
Q

What are the enumerated powers of the president?

A
121
Q

What are the two logics to Presidency?

A
  1. Exists to solve coordination problems
  2. Lower transaction costs (dictator has lowest transaction costs)
122
Q

What was the Brownlaw Committee?

A

Created the executive office of the president, advocated for increasing President’s staff

123
Q

What did the Unitary Executive Doctrine do?

A

Made President center of the executive branch, only excepted by when President breaks the law.

124
Q

Who defined the six characteristics of the Bureaucracy?

A

Max Weber

125
Q

What did Andrew Jackson create in Bureaurcracy?

A

The “Spoils System”: Rotation in office

126
Q

What did the Civil Service Reform do?

A

Established a merit system in

127
Q

What are independent regulatory Commissions?

A

Designed to cope with problems of delegation, run by boards of commissioners

128
Q

What were the original cabinet departments?

A

State, Treasury, War

129
Q

What are independent government corporations?

A

(ex. post office) When congress subsidizes businesses to do the most useful thing, not the most profitable thing.

130
Q

Who is the head of the Bureaucracy?

A

The President

131
Q

What case does the Supreme Court enforce in the Bureaucracy?

A

Administrative Procedure Act of 1946

132
Q

What is an opinion?

A

Attitudes towards beliefs

133
Q

What is an ideology?

A

When a person constrains their attitudes for organization

134
Q

What are values?

A

Core beliefs, building blocks of attitudes

135
Q

What is Duverger’s Law?

A
136
Q

About how many political party systems have there been in the US?

A

About 6, 7th in development

137
Q

What is the collective action problem?

A
138
Q

What is the prisoner’s development/chicken game?

A

Describe it.

139
Q

What is organized vs. Diffuse interests?

A
140
Q

Describe scientific polling and aggregate public opinion

A
141
Q

What is a focus group?

A
142
Q

What is Issue public???

A
143
Q

Primary vs general elections

A
144
Q

What is Mobilization?

A

Get out the vote

145
Q

President vs midterm elections

A
146
Q

How do people decide voting?

A

Mostly party alignment

147
Q

What was the New Deal Coalition?

A
148
Q

What are party conventions?

A

Democrats invented them

149
Q

WHen do we pick major party nominees?

A

Primary elections

American Government (1 decks)

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