Midterm Review Flashcards
A review for the first midterm for HIST 264 at Yale in Spring 2011. Most based on Encyclopedia Britannica entries.
1
Q
A
2
Q
Black Hand and White Hand
A
2 military conspiracy groups that carried out assasinations. The Black Hand operated within the army during the early 1900s up to about 1914. King Alexander supported a new group called White Hand during his regime.
3
Q
Black Hand and White Hand -
A
2 military conspiracy groups that carried out assasinations. The Black Hand operated within the army during the early 1900s up to about 1914. King Alexander supported a new group called White Hand during his regime.
4
Q
How were the Fourteen Points important to Eastern Europe?
A
9-13 are Eastern-Europe-centric. 9) Italy along national lines 10) A-H should get autonomous development 11) Serbia gets access to sea, self-determination/evacuation of other Balkan states 12) Turkish sovereignty 13) independent Poland with access to sea
5
Q
In what year did Pilsudski return to power by military coup?
A
1926
6
Q
In what year was a royal dictatorship established in Yugoslavia?
A
1929
7
Q
In what year was the Bolshevik Revolution?
A
1917
8
Q
In what year was the Soviet Union established?
A
1922
9
Q
Vuk Karadzic
A
1787-1864. A Serbian poet who thus helped codify the language. Unfortunately for the Croatians, this language was very similar to their main dialect.
10
Q
What and when was dekulakization?
A
- Campaign begins end of 1929
- “the liquidation of the kulak as a class.”
- Largely over by 1934.
11
Q
What does “Ugoda” mean?
A
It means “settlement” in Polish.
12
Q
What effect did the Corfu Declaration have on Croats fighting in WWI?
A
A demonstration of solidarity among the South Slavs, it encouraged Croats fighting in the Austrian army to join the Yugoslav movement and thereby also influenced the attitude of the Triple Entente in favour of the Yugoslavs.
13
Q
What happened in the Russo-Polish War?
A
- 1919-1920
- Pilsudski allies with Ukrainian nationalist leader, and their combined forces begin to overrun Ukraine
- They occupy Kiev on May 7
- Soviet Red Army launches successful counteroffensive in summer
- Former Entente powers send a military mission to help Polish army.
- Russians retreat by end of summer 1921.
14
Q
What is the GPU? When was it formed?
A
- February 6, 1922
- Cheka transforms into GPU, a department of the NKVD of the Russian SFSR.
15
Q
What is the significance of Gdynia?
A
- Gdynia was returned from Germany to Poland by the Treaty of Versailles.
- When the German-controlled legislative assembly in Gdansk barred Poland’s use of that port’s facilities, Poland chose Gdynia as the site for its new port.
- From 1924 to 1939 Gdynia was the major Baltic port, surpassing Gdansk.
16
Q
What mountain range runs through southeastern Poland, eastern Czechoslovakia, and Romania?
A
the Carpathians
17
Q
What percent of electoral support did the Nazis have in 1928?
A
2.6 percent of the vote, 1928
18
Q
What percent of the vote did the Nazis get in the 1932 elections?
A
36.2 percent of the vote
19
Q
What was “Sanacja”?
A
- Means “cleansing”
- for Pilsudski, it means an armed demonstration to force former president to dismiss the government
20
Q
What was the Petka?
A
- Committee of Five
- an unofficial, semi-constitutional political institution designed to cope with political difficulties during the First Republic of Czechoslovakia.
- founded in September 1920 and was made up of a council of leaders of the coalition parties that made up the Czechoslovak government at that time.
21
Q
What was the capital of Bulgaria during the interwar period?
A
Sofia
22
Q
What was the capital of Czechoslovakia in the interwar period?
A
Prague
23
Q
What was the capital of Hungary in the interwar period?
A
Budapest
24
Q
What was the capital of Romania in the interwar period?
A
Bucharest
25
What was the capital of Yugoslavia in the interwar period?
Belgrade
26
What was the Creidtanstalt? When did it fail?
* Austrian central bank
* September 3, 1931, after a run provoked by fears of Anschluss
27
When was the New Economic Policy? What was its significance?
* the economic policy of the government of the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1928
* represented a temporary retreat from its previous policy of extreme centralization and doctrinaire socialism.
28
Who was Jan Hus?
* burned at stake 1415
* Czech religious Reformer
* convicted of heresy at the Council of Constance
29
What was the October Revolution?
the second Russian Revolution, which, in October (November), placed the Bolsheviks in power.
30
What was the official name of Yugoslavia before 1929?
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
31
What was the second largest national group in Czechoslovakia?
Germans
32
What was the Skoda arms factory?
* Appears to have been founded by Czech
* Studied engineering in Germany
* In 1899 he created Škoda Works, which was useful during WWI to the Central Powers
* was one of the largest industrial organizations in Czechoslovakia, producing guns, tanks, cannons, and other armaments. It exemplifies the relatively large industrial sector present in the Czech economy during the interwar period, which provided that region with some semblance of prosperity but created tension with neighboring Slovakia, which remained rural and undeveloped.
33
What was the status of the city of Danzig?
It was a free port. The Polish had access (Danzig corridor).
34
What was the Treaty of Riga?
* 1921
* Between Poland and Soviet Russia
* Ends Russo-Polish War of 1919-20
* Lasts until WWII.
35
What was the Vix Note?
A line of demarcation imposed on Hungary by the Allies in a note delivered by the head of the Inter-Allied Mission in Budapest on December 23, 1918. It included in Czechoslovakia the city and district of Bratislava.
36
When and what was the Battle of White Mountain?
* 1620, near Prague
* Catholic Habsburgs defeat the Protestant Czechs
37
When and what was the first Five Year Plan?
* 1928–32
* Concentrated on developing heavy industry and collectivizing agriculture, at the cost of a drastic fall in consumer goods.
38
When and what was the second Five Year Plan?
* 1933–37 continued the objectives of the first.
* Collectivization led to terrible famines, especially in the Ukraine, that caused the deaths of millions.
39
When and what was the Treaty of London?
(April 26, 1915) secret treaty between neutral Italy and the Allied forces of France, Britain, and Russia to bring Italy into World War I. The Allies wanted Italy's participation because of its border with Austria. Italy was promised Trieste, southern Tyrol, northern Dalmatia, and other territories in return for a pledge to enter the war within a month. Despite the opposition of most Italians, who favoured neutrality, Italy joined the war against AustriaHungary in May.
40
When did Hitler become chancellor?
January 30, 1933
41
When did Hitler march into the Rhineland? What was his excuse?
* March 1936,
* a pact between France and the Soviet Union to march into the demilitarized Rhineland
42
When does the the GPU leave the NKVD?
* November 15, 1923: GPU leaves the NKVD and becomes all-union OGPU
* under direct control of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.
43
When was a Rome-Berlin and Anti-Comintern pact with Japan affirmed?
* In October 1936, a Rome–Berlin axis was proclaimed by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini
* shortly afterward came the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan;
44
When was Hitler ceded the Sudetenland?
* 1938, at the Munich Conference
45
When was the Beer Hall Putsch?
* November 1923
* Hitler and General Erich Ludendorff tried to force the leaders of the Bavarian government and the local army commander to proclaim a national revolution.
46
When was the Reichstag fire and what was its significance?
* February 27, 1933 (apparently the work of a Dutch Communist, Marinus van der Lubbe)
* provided an excuse for a decree overriding all guarantees of freedom and for an intensified campaign of violence.
47
Where is Budapest?
Along the descending part of the Danube.
48
Where is Kiev?
Along the Dnieper River (parallel to the Black Sea)
49
Where is Triest?
a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south, east and north of the city.
50
Where is Vienna?
Along the transverse part of the Danube.
51
Which country was primarily affected by the treaty of St. Germain?
Austria
52
Which country was principally affected by the Treaty of Trianon?
Hungary
53
Which country was principally affected by the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany
54
Which sea marks Poland's northern border?
the Baltic Sea
55
Which sea marks the southern border of Soviet Ukraine?
the Black Sea
56
Who was Adam Ulam?
* Polish-born American historian
* Keen observer of the Soviet Union
57
Who was Andrej Hlinka?
* Slovak Roman Catholic priest and patriot who was the leader of the Slovak autonomist opposition to the Czechoslovak government in the 1920s and '30s.
58
Who was Bela Kun?
communist leader and head of the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919.
59
Who was Bronislaw Malinowski?
* Founder of social anthropology
* Polish
* Focused on Oceania field studies
60
Who was Bruno Shulz?
* Jewish writer who wrote in Polish
* He was a Polish writer, literary critic, and art teacher.
* Born in Galicia, killed by a Nazi.
61
Who was Florian Znaniecki?
* Polish-American sociologist
* Helped pretty much found sociology
62
Who was Frantisek Palacky?
* Czech historiographer
* As a politician,he supported a federal Austria, composed of nationalities with equal rights.
* 1865; “Idea of the Austrian State” he propounded a federalism based not on nationalities but on the historic provinces of the Habsburg empire.
63
Who was Gavrilo Princip?
A member of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist group that killed Franz Ferdinand.
64
Who was John Maynard Keynes?
* English economist, journalist, and financier, best known for his economic theories (Keynesian economics) on the causes of prolonged unemployment.
* The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1935–36), advocated a remedy for economic recession based on a government-sponsored policy of full employment.
65
Who was Josef Pilsudski?
* Anti-Russian Polish revolutionary
* Member of PPS (Polish Socialist Party)
* Supports Central Powers during WWI
* Wins Russo-Polish war, ended 1921
* Retires, returns by coup in 1926
66
Who was Jozef Pilsudski?
Born in Russia, founds Polish Socialist Program (PPS), leads an army against the Russians during WWI, virtual dictator of Poland from 1926 1935.
67
Who was Julian Tuwim?
* Wrote nursery rhymes and poems.
* Lyric poet who wrote a Futurist manifesto.
* Poetry had great emotional tension, linguistic inventiveness
68
Who was Karel Capek?
* Czech novelist, short-story writer, playwright, and essayist.
69
Who was Konrad Heinlein?
* Sudeten-German politician who agitated for German annexation of the Czechoslovak Sudeten area
* in World War II held administrative posts in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia.
70
Who was Mykola Skrypnky?
* Ukrainian Bolshevik leader who was a proponent of the Ukrainian Republic's independence, and led the cultural Ukrainization effort in Soviet Ukraine.
* When the policy was reversed and he was removed from his position, he committed suicide
71
Who was R.W. Seton-Watson?
a British political activist and historian who played an active role in encouraging the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the emergence of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia during and after World War I.
72
Who was Robert Musil?
A great Austrian engineercumliterati, who wrote the Man without Qualities. I don't recall his mention in the lecture.
73
Who was Roman Dmowski?
* He was a pro-Russia, non-revolutionary Polish politician.
* Led the National Democrats.
* Favors an autonomist solution, discarded during WWI
* Represents Poland at Versailles
74
Who was Stanislaw Ulam?
* Polish-born mathematician
* Played a major role in development of H-bomb
* Received degree from Lwow Polytechnic
75
Who was Symon Peliura?
* socialist leader of Ukraine's unsuccessful fight for independence following the Russian revolutions of 1917.
* allies with Pilsudski in April 1920
* unable to secure independence for Ukraine
* killed by Jew angry at Ukrainian soldiers' pogroms
76
Who was the first president of Czechoslovakia?
Tomas Masaryk
77
Who was Tomas Masaryk?
* Czech patriot
* attends Pittsburgh Convention to get Czechoslovakia recognized
* Nov. 14, 1918, he was elected president of Czechoslovakia, and he was reelected in 1920, 1927, and 1934.
* A philosopher and democrat,
78
Who was Tomas Masaryk?
leading campaigner for Czech independence both prior to and during World War One, Czechoslovakia's first President with its creation at the close of the war
79
Who was Vsevolod Balytskyi?
security chief for Ukraine, head of OGPU (?)
80
Who was Wincenty Witos?
* Leader of Poland's Peasant Party (aka People's Party)
* Prime Minister three times
* Eventually deposed by Pilsudski coup
81
Who was Witold Gombrowicz?
* He was a Polish novelist and playwright whose works were forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd.
82
Who were the kulaks?
(Russian: “fist”), in Russian and Soviet history, a wealthy or prosperous peasant, generally characterized as one who owned a relatively large farm and several head of cattle
83
Who were the two signatories of the treaty of Riga?
Poland and Soviet Russia
84
When and what was the Four Year Plan?
* September 1936,
* to prepare the German economy for war
* under the leadership of Hermann Göring
85
86
What did "incorporatist" mean?
This was Dmowski's idea for Poland: a **centralized state** based on old borders plus East Prussia.
87
On what side did Romania enter World War I?
The Entente (the good guys)
88
When is Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
28 June 1914
89
What happened to Austrian society during WWI?
Many officers and reserves died –– that is the doctors, lawyers, and Jews who made up **the non-national elite died**.
90
What was the probable treaty that brought Romania onto the Entente's side?
Treaty of Rome, according to notes.
91
To whom does Galicia go after WWI?
Poland (all of it)
92
What happened to Vohlynia after WWI?
Part went to Poland; part went to Russia.
93
What was the allure of Ukraine to other powers?
It was seen as a breadbasket.
94
When does the United States enter WWI?
April 1917
95
When does Germany surrender?
November 1918
96
What was the secret Treaty of London?
It promised Italy territory in Dalmatia and Istria if it joined the Entente.
97
How did Bela Kun come to power in Hungary?
He became communist in Russian POW camps. He is supported early on because it is thought that a communist Hungary will get to keep more land.
98
How and when did Horthy gain power in Hungary?
He led a counterrevolutionary force when Romanians marched into Budapest; he is elected regent in January 1920.
99
Who are revanchists?
By and large, the losers of WWI. They consider previous settlement unjust, and seek to recover lost territory.
100
Would Hungary be revanchist?
Yes. Also, it's parliamentarism was a joke: you would just vote for your right-wing landlord.
101
What religion are Slovenes?
Catholic
102
Was Yugoslavia revanchist?
No. It was a status quo power.
103
Who organized the Croatian Peasant's Party?
Stjepan Radic
104
What are the Green International?
They are Soviet-sponsored left-wing peasant parties. (International Agrarian Bureau)
105
Who formed the "Little Entente"?
CRY: Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia
106
What was the Croatian fascist party?
The Ustasa. They probably killed King Alexander in 1934.
107
What is the original sin of Polish politics?
The coup d'etat of Pilsudski
108
Which Jews are nationally Polish: the Krakow or Warsaw ones?
The Warsaw Jews, since they were part of Russian, not Austrian, Poland.
109
Who are the Jewish socialists?
The Bund
110
What were the tenets of Jan Hus?
gospel in the vernacular, allow everyone to take communion
111
Who asserted that each people has its own genius?
Herder
112
Why would Czech revivalists want a Habsburg monarchy?
Without the monarchy, there would be German domination.
113
Before Czechoslovakia, what country/empire did Slovakia belong to?
Kingdom of Hungary
114
Germans make up what percentage of the Czechoslavkian population?
23 %
115
What are some differences between Czechs and Slovaks?
* Czechs = agnostic, urbanized, rich
* Slovaks = uber-Catholic, agrarian hinterland, huge Hungarian minority
116
What are some problems with land reform in Romania and Czechoslovakia?
* Agricultural banks borrow against land
* But the state was unwilling to lend credit (by liberal orthodoxy of the time)
117
How many Ukrainians were there in Poland?
Roughly 5-6 million. And recall that national minorities often were peasants.
118
When and what was the Treaty of Locarno?
(Dec. 1, 1925), series of agreements whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe.
119
What Soviet theory condoned nationalism?
1923: Nationalism INSIDE Soviet Union is always retrograde and reactionary; OUTSIDE it is progressive, since it works against capitalist imperialists
120
How did the Soviet Union try to draw the Polish minority in?
"Affirmative action." In contrast to US persecution of minorities, they tried to educate nationalists and give preference to non-Russian Soviets.
121
What is Prometheanism?
* A Polish ideology of "fire and hope," whereby they would embody nationalism for Soviet minorities.
* Secretly sponsor nationalities in Georgia, et al
122
What was the Volhynia Experiment?
* The Poles (?) brought the Ukrainian language into church in a hope to get a national psychic association between the Poles and Ukrainians.
* Also, bottles float down the Dnieper (?) with propaganda.
123
Do the peasants resist collectivization?
Yes. There are many revolts – 1,000,000 recorded acts of resistance. Many try to cross the border to Poland.
124
What was a meat quota?
Peasants who could not meet a grain quota had to give the last barrier against starvation – their livestock.
125
Who was killed in the Great Terror? When was it?
1937-8. Kulaks, ex-Gulag prisoners, national actions = 680,000 killed.
126
What was the leftist party in interwar Austria?
The Social Democrats
127
What was the centrist/right party in interwar Austria?
The Christian Socialists
128
Who were the far right party in interwar Austria?
the Nazis
129
Who was Ignaz Seipal? When was he in power?
Roman Catholic priest, twice chancellor of Austria (1922–24 and 1926–29), whose use of the Fascist paramilitary Heimwehr in his struggle against Austria's Social Democrats led to a strengthening of Fascism in his country.
130
Who was Engelbert Dollfuss?
Austrian statesman and, from 1932 to 1934, chancellor of Austria, who destroyed the Austrian Republic and established an authoritarian regime based on conservative Roman Catholic and Italian Fascist principles.
131
Who was William Reich?
A Social Democrat who critiqued the Social Democrats for sexually depriving the working class and thus making them politically impotent
132
What is the corporatism idea in interwar Austria?
Nearly medieval. Government is in contact with everyone through "guilds" in society. Dollfuss's plan
133
What was the Gentleman's Agreement?
Be nice to Germans, Nazis
Between Germany and Austria: Austria would legalize Nazis (who of course then demanded Anschluss)
1939
von Papen, Mussolini advise for it
134
When do German troops march into Vienna?
March 1938
135
Who was Kurt von Schusschnigg?
Austrian statesman and chancellor who struggled to prevent the Nazi takeover of Austria (March 1938).
136
Who was Otto Bauer?
Social Democrat and one of the principal advocates of Austrian Anschluss (unification) with Germany.
137
138
Who was Gabe Narutowicz?
Gabriel Narutowicz was president of the Polish Republic for only five days. He took the oath of office on 11 December 1922. Earlier on that day, opponents of his election tried to prevent the president-elect from getting to the Sejm by blocking the streets and throwing mud at his motorcade. Narutowicz was uncomfortable with the widespread belief that he was the representative of the Left. Quickly assassinated.
139
Who was Vladimir Macek?
Vladko Maček (20 June 1879 – 15 May 1964) was a Croatian politician active within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century. He led the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) following the assassination of Stjepan Radić, and all through World War II.
140
Who was Svetozar Pribicevic?
an ethnic Serb politician from Croatia who worked hard for creation of unitaristic Yugoslavia. However, he later became a bitter opponent of the same policy and of the dictatorship of king Aleksandar Karađorđević. As a result, he died in exile.
141
Who was Ante Pavelic?
founding member and leader of the Croatian fascist, ultra-nationalist separatist movement, the Ustaše.
142
# Jeopardy Style:
17871864. A Serbian poet who thus helped codify the language. Unfortunately for the Croatians, this language was very similar to their main dialect.
Vuk Karadzic
143
# Jeopardy Style:
1787-1864. A Serbian poet who thus helped codify the language. Unfortunately for the Croatians, this language was very similar to their main dialect.
Vuk Karadzic
144
# Jeopardy Style:
* Polish-born American historian
* Keen observer of the Soviet Union
Who was Adam Ulam?
145
# Jeopardy Style:
* Slovak Roman Catholic priest and patriot who was the leader of the Slovak autonomist opposition to the Czechoslovak government in the 1920s and '30s.
Who was Andrej Hlinka?
146
# Jeopardy Style:
* Founder of social anthropology
* Polish
* Focused on Oceania field studies
Who was Bronislaw Malinowski?
147
# Jeopardy Style:
* Jewish writer who wrote in Polish
* He was a Polish writer, literary critic, and art teacher.
* Born in Galicia, killed by a Nazi.
Who was Bruno Shulz?
148
# Jeopardy Style:
* Polish-American sociologist
* Helped pretty much found sociology
Who was Florian Znaniecki?
149
# Jeopardy Style:
* Czech historiographer
* As a politician,he supported a federal Austria, composed of nationalities with equal rights.
* 1865; “Idea of the Austrian State” he propounded a federalism based not on nationalities but on the historic provinces of the Habsburg empire.
Who was Frantisek Palacky?
150
# Jeopardy Style:
* Anti-Russian Polish revolutionary
* Member of PPS (Polish Socialist Party)
* Supports Central Powers during WWI
* Wins Russo-Polish war, ended 1921
* Retires, returns by coup in 1926
Who was Josef Pilsudski?
151
# Jeopardy Style:
* Wrote nursery rhymes and poems.
* Lyric poet who wrote a Futurist manifesto.
* Poetry had great emotional tension, linguistic inventiveness
Who was Julian Tuwim?
152
# Jeopardy Style:
* Czech novelist, short-story writer, playwright, and essayist.
Who was Karel Capek?
153
# Jeopardy Style:
* Sudeten-German politician who agitated for German annexation of the Czechoslovak Sudeten area
* in World War II held administrative posts in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia.
Who was Konrad Heinlein?
154
# Jeopardy Style:
* Ukrainian Bolshevik leader who was a proponent of the Ukrainian Republic's independence, and led the cultural Ukrainization effort in Soviet Ukraine.
* When the policy was reversed and he was removed from his position, he committed suicide
Who was Mykola Skrypnky?
155
# Jeopardy Style:
a British political activist and historian who played an active role in encouraging the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the emergence of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia during and after World War I.
Who was R.W. Seton-Watson?
156
# Jeopardy Style:
A great Austrian engineercumliterati, who wrote the Man without Qualities. I don't recall his mention in the lecture.
Who was Robert Musil?
157
# Jeopardy Style:
* He was a pro-Russia, non-revolutionary Polish politician.
* Led the National Democrats.
* Favors an autonomist solution, discarded during WWI
* Represents Poland at Versailles
Who was Roman Dmowski?
158
# Jeopardy Style:
* Polish-born mathematician
* Played a major role in development of H-bomb
* Received degree from Lwow Polytechnic
Who was Stanislaw Ulam?
159
# Jeopardy Style:
* socialist leader of Ukraine's unsuccessful fight for independence following the Russian revolutions of 1917.
* allies with Pilsudski in April 1920
* unable to secure independence for Ukraine
* killed by Jew angry at Ukrainian soldiers' pogroms
Who was Symon Peliura?
160
# Jeopardy Style:
* Czech patriot
* attends Pittsburgh Convention to get Czechoslovakia recognized
* Nov. 14, 1918, he was elected president of Czechoslovakia, and he was reelected in 1920, 1927, and 1934.
* A philosopher and democrat,
Who was Tomas Masaryk?
161
# Jeopardy Style:
leading campaigner for Czech independence both prior to and during World War One, Czechoslovakia's first President with its creation at the close of the war
Who was Tomas Masaryk?
162
# Jeopardy Style:
security chief for Ukraine, head of OGPU (?)
Who was Vsevolod Balytskyi?
163
# Jeopardy Style:
* Leader of Poland's Peasant Party (aka People's Party)
* Prime Minister three times
* Eventually deposed by Pilsudski coup
Who was Wincenty Witos?
164
# Jeopardy Style:
* He was a Polish novelist and playwright whose works were forerunners of the Theatre of the Absurd.
Who was Witold Gombrowicz?
165
# Jeopardy Style:
They are Soviet-sponsored left-wing peasant parties. (International Agrarian Bureau)
What are the Green International?
166
# Jeopardy Style:
(Dec. 1, 1925), series of agreements whereby Germany, France, Belgium, Great Britain, and Italy mutually guaranteed peace in western Europe.
When and what was the Treaty of Locarno?
167
# Jeopardy Style:
Roman Catholic priest, twice chancellor of Austria (1922–24 and 1926–29), whose use of the Fascist paramilitary Heimwehr in his struggle against Austria's Social Democrats led to a strengthening of Fascism in his country.
Who was Ignaz Seipal? When was he in power?
168
# Jeopardy Style:
Austrian statesman and, from 1932 to 1934, chancellor of Austria, who destroyed the Austrian Republic and established an authoritarian regime based on conservative Roman Catholic and Italian Fascist principles.
Who was Engelbert Dollfuss?
169
# Jeopardy Style:
A Social Democrat who critiqued the Social Democrats for sexually depriving the working class and thus making them politically impotent
Who was William Reich?
170
# Jeopardy Style:
Social Democrat and one of the principal advocates of Austrian Anschluss (unification) with Germany.
Who was Otto Bauer?
171
# Jeopardy Style:
Gabriel Narutowicz was president of the Polish Republic for only five days. He took the oath of office on 11 December 1922. Earlier on that day, opponents of his election tried to prevent the president-elect from getting to the Sejm by blocking the streets and throwing mud at his motorcade. Narutowicz was uncomfortable with the widespread belief that he was the representative of the Left. Quickly assassinated.
Who was Gabe Narutowicz?
172
# Jeopardy Style:
Vladko Maček (20 June 1879 – 15 May 1964) was a Croatian politician active within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century. He led the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) following the assassination of Stjepan Radić, and all through World War II.
Who was Vladimir Macek?
173
# Jeopardy Style:
an ethnic Serb politician from Croatia who worked hard for creation of unitaristic Yugoslavia. However, he later became a bitter opponent of the same policy and of the dictatorship of king Aleksandar Karađorđević. As a result, he died in exile.
Who was Svetozar Pribicevic?
174
# Jeopardy Style:
founding member and leader of the Croatian fascist, ultra-nationalist separatist movement, the Ustaše.
Who was Ante Pavelic?
