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Honors World History II > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

The Enlightenment

A

an era of thinking and reason above everything else

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2
Q

What’s another name for the Enlightenment?

A

The Age of Reason

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3
Q

The Enlightenment promoted _______

A

philosophy

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4
Q

What did Mary Wollstonecraft argue for?

A

education and rights for women

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5
Q

What did Mary Wollstonecraft write?

A

The Vindication of the Rights of Women

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6
Q

If a teacher took her students on a field trip, this is an example of…

A

empiricism

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7
Q

Empiricism

A

learning through experiences

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8
Q

What did John Locke belief about human rights?

A

All men are born with the rights to life, liberty, and property

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9
Q

Which philosopher influenced the US Declaration of Independence?

A

John Locke

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10
Q

Which philosopher supported religious toleration?

A

John Locke

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11
Q

Which philosopher believed you could not force religion through violence?

A

John Locke

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12
Q

Which philosopher wrote Spirit of the Laws?

A

Montesquieu

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13
Q

Which philosopher described the three branches of government?

A

Montesquieu

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14
Q

Which philosopher wrote the Discourse of Inequality?

A

Rousseau

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15
Q

Which philosophers believed in that the people of a nation decide who rules?

A

Montesquieu, Hobbes, and Rousseau

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16
Q

Which philosopher believed in the natural rights of men?

A

Rousseau

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17
Q

Which philosopher believed society made people evil?

A

Rousseau

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18
Q

Which philosopher believed in absolute monarchy? Why?

A

Hobbes, it was the only way to achieve peace in a chaotic world

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19
Q

What was Hobbes’ major contribution to society?

A

The Leviathan

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20
Q

What does laissez faire mean?

A

government should not become involved in society, let it be

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21
Q

Who created specialization?

A

Adam Smith

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22
Q

Specialization

A

workers must specify labor in one area so that work is completed more efficiently

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23
Q

Which philosopher discussed Consumer Capitalism?

A

Adam Smith

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24
Q

Educate Consumers

A

when businesses teach the consumers how to use their product

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25
Q

Which philosopher supported the good treatment of the rich?

A

Adam Smith

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26
Q

What was Adam Smith’s major contribution to society?

A

Wealth of Nations

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27
Q

Capitalism

A

privately owned businesses compete with each other, rather than ownership by the state

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28
Q

Three major technologies created during the Explorer and Expansion Era are…

A

the compass, astrolabe, and ship building

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29
Q

What was the Renaissance Spirit?

A

truth, beauty and wisdom

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30
Q

What was the purpose of Exploration during the Renaissance?

A

God, gold, and glory

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31
Q

Indian Ocean Trade

A

trade between Africa and Asia, taking place in the Indian Ocean

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32
Q

What is a notable characteristic of Indian Ocean trade?

A

the predictability of monsoon winds on the trade routes

33
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

circumnavigated the globe, yet never made it back

34
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

conquered the Aztecs

35
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

conquered the Incas

36
Q

What was the difference between the Spanish and Portuguese explorers?

A

The Spanish wanted land and gold in the Americas and the Portuguese wanted control of the Indian Ocean trade

37
Q

Henry the Navigator

A

sponsored Portuguese exploration

38
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

found a route to Asia by going around the southern tip of Africa

39
Q

Bartolome De Las Casas

A

a friar who fought for the rights of the Native people

40
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

the exchange of animals, plants and disease between the old world and the new world

41
Q

Atlantic Slave Trade

A

the route used to transport Africans to use them as slaves

42
Q

What was the major port of incoming slaves in the Americas?

A

Brazil

43
Q

What caused the spread of the Renaissance to take so long?

A

The Black Death

44
Q

What were the two types of Renaissances?

A

The Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance

45
Q

Where did the Renaissance originate?

A

Germany

46
Q

What did Brunelleschi do?

A

construct the dome for the Santa Maria Di Fuori

47
Q

Michelangelo

A

artist who created the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, La Pieta, and David

48
Q

What were two key characteristics of Renaissance Literature

A

Vernacular and Humanism

49
Q

Leonardo di Vinci

A

known as Renaissance Man

50
Q

Raphael

A

created the painting the School of Athens

51
Q

Golden Ratio

A

an irregular number when used in architecture and art is pleasing to the eye

52
Q

Cervantes

A

Spanish Renaissance writer, wrote Don Quixotes

53
Q

Erasmus

A

wrote The Prince of Folly

54
Q

Machiavelli

A

supported the ends justifying the means

55
Q

Who wrote the Divine Comedy?

A

Dante Alighieri

56
Q

Petrach

A

one of the first writers in the Renaissance to write poems using vernacular

57
Q

Castiglione

A

wrote the Book of Courtier:

  1. spezzatura
  2. warrior spirit
  3. grace
  4. knowledge of humanity
58
Q

Lorenzo de Medici

A

banker who ruled Florence and sponsored Renaissance art

59
Q

Spezzatura

A

acting as if things come easily to you

60
Q

Bartolomeu Dias

A

first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa

61
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

leaders could choose the religion of the area they ruled

62
Q

Martin Luther

A

opposed the Catholic Churches abuses, especially the selling of indulgences, and incited the Protestant Reformation

63
Q

95 Theses

A

written by Martin Luther to outline the belief that the Bible is the true authority, and combat Catholic abuses

64
Q

Which two religions believed in the ultimate authority of the Bible?

A

Calvanism and Anglicanism

65
Q

Which religion relies on church leaders to interpret Scripture?

A

Catholicism

66
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of a revolution?

A

dissident elite, mass frustration, shared motivation, and state crises

67
Q

Dissident Elite

A

wealthy people who actively oppose a political or religious system

68
Q

Mass Frustration

A

many people sharing a feeling of upset and frustration towards a specific cause

69
Q

Shared Motivation

A

the unity of many people to achieve something such as freedom or change

70
Q

State Crises

A

any events that either will or might lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting society

71
Q

What are some causes of the French Revolution?

A

inequality within the estates system, tax burden on the third estate, the rise of the bourgeoisie, and general financial crisis

72
Q

Louis XVI

A

the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy, tried to escape France to gain foreign allies but was caught and distrusted by the people

73
Q

Who persuaded King Louis XVI to return to Paris?

A

The Women

74
Q

If a teacher uses reading and worksheets to help students learn, this is an example of…

A

rationalism

75
Q

Rationalism

A

the belief that humans come to knowledge through the use of logic

76
Q

What was the National Assembly?

A

a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate

77
Q

Why was the Bastille taken over?

A

The people believed the Bastille contained large amounts of gunpowder and arms, which they needed

78
Q

Which family ruled Florence for the longest amount of time?

A

the Medici family

Honors World History II (1 decks)

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