Midterm questions Flashcards
T/F
Ionized compounds (possessing a charge) are lipid soluble and easily pass through body membranes
False
T/F If drug A requires a smaller dose than drug B to produce 50% of the max effect, then drug A is less potent than drug B
False
Stimulation of the PANS, such as when resting and digesting, produces which of the following effects?
- Increased salivation
- Increased BP
- Bronchodilation
- Increased heart rate
- None of the above
Increased salivation
Stimulation of the SANS, such as during a fight or flight situation, poduces which of the following effects?
- Increased salivation
- Increased BP
- Bronchoconstriction
- Decreased heart rate
- None of the above
Increased blood pressure
Which of the following drugs is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist?
- Diovan (valsartan)
- Accupril (quinapril)
- Cardura (doxazosin)
- Calan (verapamil)
- Cardizem (diltiazem)
Diovan (valsartan)
T/F Drugs work by imparting a new function to the host organism, a function that did not exist pior to the administration of the drug
False
T/F Receptors which we target for drug use in the SANS are labeled “adrenergic”
True
T/F Sympathomimetic agents instilled into the eye produce miosis
False
T/F The cardiovascular system fails when the heart and/or blood vessels fail to provide sufficient oxygen to meet the demands of the body
True
The four major steps in the body’s handling of a drug are:
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Adverse reactions of cholinergic antagonists include which of the following?
- Xerostomia
- Urinary and GI stasis
- Fever and hyperpyrexia
- Blurred vision and photophobia
- All of the above
All of the above
An infant weighs 10lbs and if the adult dose of something is 30mg, then, according to Clark’s rule, the dosage of the drug for the infant should be:
2mg
Which of the following is false concerning routes of drug administration?
- One disadvantage of IV drug administration is drug irretrievability
- The rectal route is the most convenient way to introduce a drug for systemic effects
- Topical applications are administered to the skin, oral mucosa and also sublingually
- The inhalation route of admission may be used for either local or systemic effects
The rectal route is the most convenient way to introduce a drug for systemic effects
T/F Parasympatholytic agents may also be referred to adrenergic antagonists
False
T/F Cardiovascular disease is complicated by the presence of co-morbid diseases, such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia
True
The letters “q.i.d.” appearing on a prescription indicate that the medication is to be administered:
Four times a day
T/F In first order kinetics, the same percent of drug is eliminated per unit of time
True
T/F Receptors which we target fo drug use in the PANS are labeled “nicotinic chollinergic”
False
In one mechanism by which drugs are metabolized, an inactive parent drug may be transformed into an active compound. This inactive parent drug is called a(n)…..
Metabolite
T/F The mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors involves inhibition of the conversion of angiotensis I to angiotensin II
True
T/F The letters “hs” appearing on a prescription indicate that the medication is to be administered at bedtime
True
The latin phrase “pro re nata” (p.r.n.) means:
As needed
All of the following are ACE inhibitors except:
- Accupril (quinapril)
- Calan (verapamil)
- Capoten (catopril)
- Altace (ramipril)
- Vasotec (enalapril)
Calan (verapamil)
Which of the following would be an expected effect of an alpha-1 agonist?
- Dilation of blood vessels in skin and mucous membranes
- Constriction of blood vessels in skeletal muscle
- Contraction or bronchial smooth muscle
- Relaxation of GI smooth muscle
- None of the above
Which of the following is false concerning the oral route of drug administration?
- Least expensive and most convenient route of administration
- Safest and simplest way to introduce a drug to the body
- More predictable blood levels than other routes of administration
- Large area of absorption in the small intestine
- All of the above
More predictable blood levels than other routes of administration
The letters “ac” appearing on a prescription indicates that the medication be administered:
Before meals
T/F Epinephrine should NEVER be used in patients who are taking beta blockers
False
T/F The route of administration of a drug affects both the onset and duration of the response
True
Orally administered drugs are distributed to the liver first and are metabolized and inactivated to some extent before they reach general circulation and their intended sites of action. This effect is known as:
First-pass
T/F Calcium channel blockers lower BP by inhibiting the flow of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle cells
True
T/F The median effective dose (ED50) is the dose of drug required to produce a specified intensity of effect in 50% of the test subjects
True
T/F Apresoline (hydralazine) is an antihypertensive also used in the management of withdrawl symptoms, migraine headache prophylaxis and treatment of ADHD
False
T/F One of the adverse effects of beta-! blockers is dry cough, which may be worsened by placing the patient in the supine position
False
All of the following drugs are beta-adrenergic blockers except:
- Proventil (albuterol)
- Tenormin (atenolol)
- Lopressor (metropolol)
- Timoptic (timolol)
- Inderal (propranalol)
Proventil (albuterol)
Which schedule of controlled substances does not currently have an accepted medical use in the US?
Class I
T/F Diuretics work by reducing plasma volume and systemic blood pressure
True
The non-pharmacologic treatment of hypertension includes which of the following?
- Reduce weight
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Increase aerobic physical activity
- Restict sodium intake
- All of the above
All of the above
T/F One of the most common patient cae considerations with the use of antihypertensives is orthostatic hypertension
True
T/F Beta-blockers may mask the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
True
Which of the following drugs is NOT an antihypertensive?
- Labetalol
- Haloperidol
- Doxazosin
- Iosartan
- Ramipril
Haloperidol
T/F Parasympathomimetic agents instilled into the eye produce mydriasis
False
T/F The LD50 is the dose of a drug required to produce death in 50% of the test subjects
True
If the half-life of a drug is 10 hours, what percentage of a dosage of that drug would be remaining in the body after 20 hours?
25%
T/F In one mechanism by which drugs are metabolized, an active parent drug may be transformed into yet another active compound. This new compound is called an active metabolite.
True
