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Clinical Chemistry > Midterm Quality Control > Flashcards

Midterm Quality Control Flashcards

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0
Q

The overall activities conducted by the institution that are directed toward assuring the quality of the services provided

A

Quality assurance

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1
Q

Systematic action necessary to provide adequate confidence that laboratory services will satisfy given medical needs for patient care

A

Quality control

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2
Q

Focus on monitoring of outcomes or indicators of care

A

Quality assurance

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3
Q

Applies to the activities directed toward the monitoring of the individual elements of care

A

Quality control

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4
Q

Important for the daily monitoring of accuracy and precision of analytical methods.

A

IntraLab Internal Qc

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5
Q

Detects both random and systematic error

A

IntraLab internal Qc

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6
Q

It involves proficiency testing programs that periodically provide samples of unknown concentration of analytes to participating laboratories

A

Internal external Qc

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7
Q

Used to determine estimates of the state of the art interlab performance

A

Interlab external lab

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8
Q

Objective of quality control

A

Check stability of the machine
Quality of reagents
Technical errors

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9
Q

Result of improper product manufacturing, use of unpurified human and non human analyte additives and altered protein components

A

Matrix

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10
Q

Calculated from the mean and standard deviation

A

Control limits

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11
Q

To establish statistical quality control on a new instrument the diff levels of control material must be analyzed between?

A

5 and 20 days

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12
Q

Present in all measurement due to chance

A

Random error

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13
Q

Basis for varying differences between repeated measurement

A

Random error

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14
Q

Due to instrument operator and environmental condition

A

Random error

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15
Q

Example of random errors

A

Pipetting error
Mislabeling of sample
Temperature fluctuation
Improper mixing of sample and reagent

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16
Q

Error that influences observation consistently in one direction

A

Systematic error

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17
Q

Detected as either positive or negative bias

A

Systematic error

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18
Q

Is often related to calibration problems , deterioration of reagents and control materials, unstable and inadequate reagent blanks , contaminated solutions, failing instrumentation and poorly written procedures

A

Systematic error

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19
Q

Refers to a difference between the target value and the assay value. Independent of sample concentration

A

Constant error

20
Q

Exists when there is a constant difference between comparative method and the test method regardless of the concentration

A

Constant error

21
Q

Results from greater deviation from the target value due to higher sample concentration

A

Proportional / slope / percent error

22
Q

Exists when the difference between the test method and the comparative method values are proportional to the analyte concentration

A

Proportional / slope / percent error

23
Q

The highest frequency of clerical errors occurs with the use of handwritten labels and request forms

A

Clerical error

24
Q

The first step in method evaluation

A

Precision study

25
Q

Expressed either in measurement units of analyte or percentages

A

Allowable error

26
Q

Pre analytical errors

A 
Improper patient preparation
Mislabeled specimen
Incorrect order of draw
Incorrect PC ID
Wrong specimen container
Incorrect anticoagulant to blood ratio
Improper mixing of sample and reagent
Incorrect specimen preservation
Incorrect use of tubes
Mishandled specimen
27
Q

Post analytical error

A

Unavailable and delayed lab results
Incomplete lab results
Wrong transcription of the PC data and lab results

28
Q

The science of gathering, analyzing, interpreting and presenting data

A

Statistic

29
Q

A measurement of central tendency

A

Mean

30
Q

A measurement of dispersion of values from the mean. Helps describe the normal curve. A measurement of distribution range

A

Standard deviation

31
Q

Percentile expression of the mean. An index of precision

A

Coefficient of variation

32
Q

Standards deviation squared

A

Variance

33
Q

Largest value minus the smallest value in the data

A

Range

34
Q

Midpoint of a distribution

A

Median

35
Q

Most frequent observation

A

Mode

36
Q

Use to compare the means of standard deviation of 2 groups of data

A

Inferential statistics

37
Q

Used to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between SD of two groups of data

A

T test

38
Q

Used to determine difference between SD of 2 groups of data

A

F test

39
Q

The difference between the value of a data point and the mean value divided by the groups SD

A

Standard deviation index

40
Q

Referred as reference ranges

A

Reference interval

41
Q

A pair of medical decision points that span the limits of results expected for a given condition

A

Reference interval

42
Q

Value for an analyte that represents the boundary between different therapeutic Approach

A

Medical decision level

43
Q

Range results between medical decision levels that corresponds to +- 2 of results from a healthy patient

A

Normal range

44
Q

Reference interval applied to a therapeutic drug

A

Therapeutic range

45
Q

Range of values that include a specific probability, usually 90% or 95%

A

Confidence interval

46
Q

Different between the observed man and the reference mean

A

Bias

47
Q

Tests values that tend to be lower or higher than the reference value

A

Neg and pos bias

Clinical Chemistry (2 decks)

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