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RADIATION THERAPY 2 > MIDTERM PT. 3 > Flashcards

MIDTERM PT. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 6 KINDS OF IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES:

A
  1. ALPHA CRADLE
  2. THERMOPLASTIC MASK
  3. BREAST BOARD (BREAST STEP)
  4. PRO STEP
  5. VACUUM BAG
  6. HEAD REST
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2
Q

-incapable of movement

A

immobilization

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3
Q

___ is designed very precisely to treat exactly the right area, so it is important to keep that part of the body as still as possible

A

Radiotherapy

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4
Q

is used to make sure the patient stays in the treatment position during the course of treatment

A

immobilization device

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5
Q

are said to be the most crucial part of Radiation therapy treatment (2)

A

Px positioning
immobilization

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6
Q

for accurate delivery of prescribed radiation dose to the target volume while sparring surrounding normal and critical structures

A

immobilization

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7
Q

without proper immobilization, the patient is at risk for_____ and ______

A

improper treatment and unwanted side effects

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8
Q

Immobilazation such as __, ___, ___ and other devices are constructed to reduce set up errors and patient movement during the treatment

A

moulds
casts
head rest
and other devices

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9
Q

what is the primary goal of the immobilization system

A

to limit patient motion and reduce the probability of major positioning errors

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10
Q

a well constructed immobilization system can reduce ___ of patient setup

A

time

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11
Q

can make the Px feel secured and less apprehensive

A

immobilization

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12
Q

it can reduce the reliance on patient cooperation and alertness, it can also help to stabilize the relationship between the external skin marks and internal structures

A

immobilization

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13
Q

WHAT ARE THE DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES:

A
  • SHOULD BE TRANSPARENT TO ALLOW VISIBILITY OF BEAM LIGHT AND OPTICAL DISTANCE INDICATOR
    -SHOULD BE LIGHTWEIGHT, STRONG AND DURABLE
    -EASE TO USE
  • EASE OF MAKING THE DEVICE
    -COMFORT TO PATIENT
    -MINIMAL PLACE REQUIREMENT FOR THE STORAGE
    -RESISTANCE TO BENDING AND STRETCHING
    -MINIMAL PERTURBATION OF THE BEAM SO IT WILL NOT PRODUCE ANY ARTIFACTS IN THE IMAGE ACQUISITION
    -DEVICE BE USABLE IN SIMULATOR (CT/MRI)
    -SURFACE DOSE SHOULD NOT BE ALTERED
    -RIGID AND HOLD IT’S SHAPE OVER TIME
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14
Q

-the most common immobilization device used to treat cancers
-available in different sizes and shapes
-it is rigid at room temperature

A

Thermoplastic mould

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15
Q

What ID:
when its heated in water for temperature 60-65 degrees- the material softens and become malleable

A

Thermoplastic mould

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16
Q

What ID:
when it is wet, it is placed over the patient’s body and conforms to the contour of the treatment area

A

Thermoplastic mould

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17
Q

(advantages)
-provide great reproducibility in daily treatment
-lightweight and easy to use
-modification can be made to mask if the px experienced swelling or weight loss during the course of the treatment

A

thermoplastic mould

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18
Q

(disadvantages)
-windows cut cannot be reused and when old it becomes very soft when activated

A

thermoplastic mould

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19
Q

TYPES OF IMMOBILIZATION ARE:

A
  1. HEAD & NECK IMMOBILIZATION
  2. IMMOBILIZATION IN BRAIN TUMORS
  3. THORAX AND BREAST IMMOBILIZATION
  4. PELVIC AND ABDOMINAL IMMOBILIZATION
  5. IMMOBILIZATION FOR THE BODY EXTREMITIES
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20
Q

preferred to used for brain & tissues

A

MRI

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21
Q

how many months does it take for thermoplastic to be used again

A

2-3 months

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22
Q

what are the parts to be immobilized in a thermoplastic:

A

nasal
top head
chin
sides of the ears

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23
Q

is one of the important parts of confirming proper treatment to the Px

A

initial construction and selection of proper immobilization for Head & Neck cancer

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24
Q

Current methods for the H&N tumors include a variety of: ___ ____ _____

A

masks
molds
frame systems

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25
Q

____ are used to pull the shoulders out of the treatment field for the neck

A

shoulder retractors

26
Q

ID: has 5 clamps

A

H&N immobilization

27
Q

the plate onto which the head immobilization system is secured is referred to as a ____

A

fixation base plate for H&N

28
Q

What material do the fixation base plate for H&N is made of?

A

Perspex or carbon fiber

29
Q

What ID: should be low z material and should attenuate the radiation minimally when the beam passes through it

A

fixation base plate for H&N

30
Q

plate place onto the head

A

fixation base plate for H&N

31
Q

What ID: has 3 clamps

A

immobilization in brain

32
Q

for the general brain tumor and whole brain cases the mostly common immobilization device is the ___

A

3 clamp

33
Q

how many clamps are used for Head and neck

A

5 clamps

34
Q

how many clamps are used in head

A

3 clamps

35
Q

what procedures wherein immobilization becomes more complex for radio-surgery; because the requirements for positional and numerical accuracy for the dose delivery are -+1mm: (2)

A

cyber knife
gamma knife

36
Q

-Pxs head positioned with the chin
-hyperextended to include the superior extent of maxillary antrum in the anterior field without including the eye

A

Maxillary Antrum Tumor

37
Q

-head positioned with the neck in extreme flexion
- anterior beam can avoid the dose-limiting structures such as the otic chiasm, the retina, and much of the brain tissue

A

Pituitary or small brain tumors

38
Q

what are the dose-limiting structures: (3)

A

chiasm
retina
much of the brain tissue

39
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 COMMON IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES USED WHEN TREATING THE TUMORS IN THE CHEST CAVITY

A
  1. VACLOK
  2. BREST BOARD
  3. 2 CLAMP OR 4 CLAMP THORACIC MOULD
40
Q

-consist of light weigh plastic mattress filled with radiolucent polystyrene (Styrofoam) beads

-the air is then vacuumed out of the bag for a custom fit and sealed in order to retain the shape

A

Vaclok

41
Q

(advantages)
radio translucent, after treatment the bag is recycled and used for other

A

vaclok

42
Q

-it is used specifically for the treatment of breast cancer

-it has several features to allow for the manipulation of patients’ arms, wrists, head, and shoulders

-allows the px to be positioned with the chest wall horizontal avoiding angulation of the collimator

A

breast board

43
Q

breast board: are constructed by what materials which allows it to be light weight and durable

A

carbon fiber, thermocol

44
Q

have lower attenuation levels, which permit maximum beam penetration

A

carbon fiber breast boards

45
Q

takes advantage of gravity to pull the large. breast down into better treatment position

A

breast board

46
Q

are used when the px is treated in a prone position- allow the small bowel to drop below the lateral field to avoid side effects

A

Belly board immobilization

47
Q

minimizes the average volume of small bowel that would otherwise be within the lateral field during the standard box field technique treatment

A

belly board immobilization

48
Q

immobilization system: are commonly used during the treatment of pelvic region (3)

A

vaclok, belly board, and thermoplastic masks

49
Q

-properly maintain pxns outer contour during the treatment with respect to the isocenter
-related to the variation of internal structures during the daily treatment

A

pelvic immobilization

50
Q

-with the thermoplastic solution it can be performed easily
-the system consists of a low-density carbon fiber base plate with leg support, two comfort cushions, and dedicated masks. the base plate can be indexed to any couch top on
-2-pin bars and multiple holes to offer maximum possibilities for positioning and immobilizing both upper and lower extremities
-for arms, elbows, etc.

A

Immobilization for extremities

51
Q

-helps to maintain the position without strain
-the curvature of the px cervical spine can be altered by changing the support under the head

A

head rests and wedges

52
Q

what materials are used in headrests and wedges:

A

Acrylic / Rubber Polyurethane

53
Q

is designed for reproducible positioning and stable fixation of the base plate.
- can be placed at the desired indexing indents the couch and can be locked

A

indexing bar

54
Q

used to maintain the pxns position during pelvis irradiation
-it avoids px tilt (rotational error

A

knee rest and foot rest

55
Q

-helps in reproducing the opening of the mouth during the treatment
-used to minimize the volume of oral mucosa within the treatment field
-pxn mouth kept open by inserting a mouth bite mouth made from the dental impression material
-

A

oral prosthesis / mouth bite

56
Q

an impression of the pxns teeth or gum is made in the soften dental material and within appox ___ minutes the material becomes hard

A

5 mins

57
Q

-two-part chemical foaming agents are mixed together, initiating the chemical reaction that cause polyurethane foam to expand

A

alpha cradle

58
Q

alpha cradle: the mixed foaming agent is distributed evenly throughout the body form and sealed inside the ____

A

polyvinyl bag

59
Q

alpha cradle: patient is positioned in the treatment position on top of a _____ bag as the foaming agent expands ____ to ___ mins and conforms to the pxns body contour

-as the foam rises, technician maneuvers it around the px
- once the foam hardens, the customized device is ready for use

A

polyvinyl bag
10-15 mins

60
Q

-external marks placed on either the pxns skin or the immobilization devices
- for initial laser alignment as a surrogate for internal target anatomy
-preferably made on the immobilization device as it is more reliable as opposed to the pxs skin(soft tissue & mobile)

A

alignment marks

61
Q

alignment markers: if on skin preferably marked on ____ for a relatively fixed geometry

A

bony landmark

62
Q

issues:

-motion of soft tissue with relation to immobilization device
-marks washing off, wearing off or migration

A

alignment marks

RADIATION THERAPY 2 (3 decks)

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