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RADIATION THERAPY 2 > MIDTERM PT. 3 > Flashcards

MIDTERM PT. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 6 KINDS OF IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES:

A
  1. ALPHA CRADLE
  2. THERMOPLASTIC MASK
  3. BREAST BOARD (BREAST STEP)
  4. PRO STEP
  5. VACUUM BAG
  6. HEAD REST
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2
Q

-incapable of movement

A

immobilization

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3
Q

___ is designed very precisely to treat exactly the right area, so it is important to keep that part of the body as still as possible

A

Radiotherapy

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4
Q

is used to make sure the patient stays in the treatment position during the course of treatment

A

immobilization device

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5
Q

are said to be the most crucial part of Radiation therapy treatment (2)

A

Px positioning
immobilization

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6
Q

for accurate delivery of prescribed radiation dose to the target volume while sparring surrounding normal and critical structures

A

immobilization

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7
Q

without proper immobilization, the patient is at risk for_____ and ______

A

improper treatment and unwanted side effects

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8
Q

Immobilazation such as __, ___, ___ and other devices are constructed to reduce set up errors and patient movement during the treatment

A

moulds
casts
head rest
and other devices

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9
Q

what is the primary goal of the immobilization system

A

to limit patient motion and reduce the probability of major positioning errors

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10
Q

a well constructed immobilization system can reduce ___ of patient setup

A

time

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11
Q

can make the Px feel secured and less apprehensive

A

immobilization

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12
Q

it can reduce the reliance on patient cooperation and alertness, it can also help to stabilize the relationship between the external skin marks and internal structures

A

immobilization

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13
Q

WHAT ARE THE DESIRABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES:

A
  • SHOULD BE TRANSPARENT TO ALLOW VISIBILITY OF BEAM LIGHT AND OPTICAL DISTANCE INDICATOR
    -SHOULD BE LIGHTWEIGHT, STRONG AND DURABLE
    -EASE TO USE
  • EASE OF MAKING THE DEVICE
    -COMFORT TO PATIENT
    -MINIMAL PLACE REQUIREMENT FOR THE STORAGE
    -RESISTANCE TO BENDING AND STRETCHING
    -MINIMAL PERTURBATION OF THE BEAM SO IT WILL NOT PRODUCE ANY ARTIFACTS IN THE IMAGE ACQUISITION
    -DEVICE BE USABLE IN SIMULATOR (CT/MRI)
    -SURFACE DOSE SHOULD NOT BE ALTERED
    -RIGID AND HOLD IT’S SHAPE OVER TIME
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14
Q

-the most common immobilization device used to treat cancers
-available in different sizes and shapes
-it is rigid at room temperature

A

Thermoplastic mould

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15
Q

What ID:
when its heated in water for temperature 60-65 degrees- the material softens and become malleable

A

Thermoplastic mould

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16
Q

What ID:
when it is wet, it is placed over the patient’s body and conforms to the contour of the treatment area

A

Thermoplastic mould

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17
Q

(advantages)
-provide great reproducibility in daily treatment
-lightweight and easy to use
-modification can be made to mask if the px experienced swelling or weight loss during the course of the treatment

A

thermoplastic mould

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18
Q

(disadvantages)
-windows cut cannot be reused and when old it becomes very soft when activated

A

thermoplastic mould

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19
Q

TYPES OF IMMOBILIZATION ARE:

A
  1. HEAD & NECK IMMOBILIZATION
  2. IMMOBILIZATION IN BRAIN TUMORS
  3. THORAX AND BREAST IMMOBILIZATION
  4. PELVIC AND ABDOMINAL IMMOBILIZATION
  5. IMMOBILIZATION FOR THE BODY EXTREMITIES
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20
Q

preferred to used for brain & tissues

A

MRI

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21
Q

how many months does it take for thermoplastic to be used again

A

2-3 months

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22
Q

what are the parts to be immobilized in a thermoplastic:

A

nasal
top head
chin
sides of the ears

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23
Q

is one of the important parts of confirming proper treatment to the Px

A

initial construction and selection of proper immobilization for Head & Neck cancer

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24
Q

Current methods for the H&N tumors include a variety of: ___ ____ _____

A

masks
molds
frame systems

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25
____ are used to pull the shoulders out of the treatment field for the neck
shoulder retractors
26
ID: has 5 clamps
H&N immobilization
27
the plate onto which the head immobilization system is secured is referred to as a ____
fixation base plate for H&N
28
What material do the fixation base plate for H&N is made of?
Perspex or carbon fiber
29
What ID: should be low z material and should attenuate the radiation minimally when the beam passes through it
fixation base plate for H&N
30
plate place onto the head
fixation base plate for H&N
31
What ID: has 3 clamps
immobilization in brain
32
for the general brain tumor and whole brain cases the mostly common immobilization device is the ___
3 clamp
33
how many clamps are used for Head and neck
5 clamps
34
how many clamps are used in head
3 clamps
35
what procedures wherein immobilization becomes more complex for radio-surgery; because the requirements for positional and numerical accuracy for the dose delivery are -+1mm: (2)
cyber knife gamma knife
36
-Pxs head positioned with the chin -hyperextended to include the superior extent of maxillary antrum in the anterior field without including the eye
Maxillary Antrum Tumor
37
-head positioned with the neck in extreme flexion - anterior beam can avoid the dose-limiting structures such as the otic chiasm, the retina, and much of the brain tissue
Pituitary or small brain tumors
38
what are the dose-limiting structures: (3)
chiasm retina much of the brain tissue
39
WHAT ARE THE 3 COMMON IMMOBILIZATION DEVICES USED WHEN TREATING THE TUMORS IN THE CHEST CAVITY
1. VACLOK 2. BREST BOARD 3. 2 CLAMP OR 4 CLAMP THORACIC MOULD
40
-consist of light weigh plastic mattress filled with radiolucent polystyrene (Styrofoam) beads -the air is then vacuumed out of the bag for a custom fit and sealed in order to retain the shape
Vaclok
41
(advantages) radio translucent, after treatment the bag is recycled and used for other
vaclok
42
-it is used specifically for the treatment of breast cancer -it has several features to allow for the manipulation of patients' arms, wrists, head, and shoulders -allows the px to be positioned with the chest wall horizontal avoiding angulation of the collimator
breast board
43
breast board: are constructed by what materials which allows it to be light weight and durable
carbon fiber, thermocol
44
have lower attenuation levels, which permit maximum beam penetration
carbon fiber breast boards
45
takes advantage of gravity to pull the large. breast down into better treatment position
breast board
46
are used when the px is treated in a prone position- allow the small bowel to drop below the lateral field to avoid side effects
Belly board immobilization
47
minimizes the average volume of small bowel that would otherwise be within the lateral field during the standard box field technique treatment
belly board immobilization
48
immobilization system: are commonly used during the treatment of pelvic region (3)
vaclok, belly board, and thermoplastic masks
49
-properly maintain pxns outer contour during the treatment with respect to the isocenter -related to the variation of internal structures during the daily treatment
pelvic immobilization
50
-with the thermoplastic solution it can be performed easily -the system consists of a low-density carbon fiber base plate with leg support, two comfort cushions, and dedicated masks. the base plate can be indexed to any couch top on -2-pin bars and multiple holes to offer maximum possibilities for positioning and immobilizing both upper and lower extremities -for arms, elbows, etc.
Immobilization for extremities
51
-helps to maintain the position without strain -the curvature of the px cervical spine can be altered by changing the support under the head
head rests and wedges
52
what materials are used in headrests and wedges:
Acrylic / Rubber Polyurethane
53
is designed for reproducible positioning and stable fixation of the base plate. - can be placed at the desired indexing indents the couch and can be locked
indexing bar
54
used to maintain the pxns position during pelvis irradiation -it avoids px tilt (rotational error
knee rest and foot rest
55
-helps in reproducing the opening of the mouth during the treatment -used to minimize the volume of oral mucosa within the treatment field -pxn mouth kept open by inserting a mouth bite mouth made from the dental impression material -
oral prosthesis / mouth bite
56
an impression of the pxns teeth or gum is made in the soften dental material and within appox ___ minutes the material becomes hard
5 mins
57
-two-part chemical foaming agents are mixed together, initiating the chemical reaction that cause polyurethane foam to expand
alpha cradle
58
alpha cradle: the mixed foaming agent is distributed evenly throughout the body form and sealed inside the ____
polyvinyl bag
59
alpha cradle: patient is positioned in the treatment position on top of a _____ bag as the foaming agent expands ____ to ___ mins and conforms to the pxns body contour -as the foam rises, technician maneuvers it around the px - once the foam hardens, the customized device is ready for use
polyvinyl bag 10-15 mins
60
-external marks placed on either the pxns skin or the immobilization devices - for initial laser alignment as a surrogate for internal target anatomy -preferably made on the immobilization device as it is more reliable as opposed to the pxs skin(soft tissue & mobile)
alignment marks
61
alignment markers: if on skin preferably marked on ____ for a relatively fixed geometry
bony landmark
62
issues: -motion of soft tissue with relation to immobilization device -marks washing off, wearing off or migration
alignment marks

RADIATION THERAPY 2 (3 decks)

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