MidTerm Prep - last day

Question 1

binocular disparity

Answer 1

difference in image location seen by left and right eyes - we see 2 inputs and the brain reconciles, giving us 3D vision

Question 2

ocular dominance

Answer 2

tendency of one eye to command more cortical cells, making the cells respond preferentially

Question 3

stereopsis

Answer 3

perception of depth enabled by binocular vision

Question 4

strabismus

Answer 4

misalignment of eyes, they don’t look in same direction

Question 5

congenital cataracts

Answer 5

lens opacity present at birth

Question 6

critical / sensitive period

Answer 6

limited period of plasticity in which an external event has abnormally high impact compared to outside the period

Question 7

Bruer’s conditions (critical periods)

Answer 7

all subjects have same experience at different stages

duration is the same or varied systematically

Question 8

Kramer

Answer 8

random control trial breastfeeding helps

Question 9

Gibbs

Answer 9

observational longitudinal study - SES determines better outcomes, not breastfeeding

Question 10

convergent research

Answer 10

use of multiple research methods to gain better understanding of particular question or phenomenon

Question 11

functional isolation hypothesis

Answer 11

IDA does not alter CNS, instead alters behavior which has a feedback loop with interactions with parents , other children that then alters behavior and leads to cognitive deficits

Question 12

EF skills

Answer 12

inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory

Question 13

Harlow study

Answer 13

warmth over nourishment - anti Freud

Question 14

EF skills

Answer 14

inhibitory control

cognitive flexibility

working memory

Question 15

Harlow study

Answer 15

warmth over nourishment - anti Freud

Question 16

altricial species

Answer 16

helpless at birth

Question 17

precocal species

Answer 17

independent at birth

Question 18

consequences of secure attachment relationships

Answer 18

pro-social behavior
self-esteem
curiosity
coping with novelty
coping with failure
persistence in problem solving
independence
infrequency of behavioral problems

Question 19

dimensions of caregiver characteristics

Answer 19

sensitivity
acceptance
cooperation
accessibility

Question 20

relational deprivation study

Answer 20

UK 1975 , 50 diff caregivers in nursery by age 4
4 yrs old- indiscriminate friendliness
8 yrs old - behavioral problems

enduring difficulties

Question 21

romanian orphanages

Answer 21

linear association with duration of relational deprivation
would catch up if adopted before 6 mos
significant deficits in white matter

Question 22

theory of mind

Answer 22

the ability to attribute mental states (thoughts, desires, and intentions) to oneself and to others, and to understand that others’ mental states can differ from one’s own.

Question 23

EF skills

Answer 23

Inhibitory Control - overcoming the desire to pay attention to friends at play while you finishyour homework

Cognitive Flexibility - being able to shift easily from your math homework to your english homework, and allocating your energy accordingly

Working memory - remembering a phone number you just read as you walk to get the telephone to dial.

Question 24

A not B error - two explanations

Answer 24

infant lacks object permanence

Infant lacks inhibitory control - although they understand that the object is now under a different cup, they can’t prevent the reflexive motion of their arm reaching for cup A.

Question 25

Habituation/dishabituation procedure:

Answer 25

display one image until the infant habituates to that image and loses interest. Then present the second image and see if the infant dishabituations/shows renewed interest, then you can tell that they are able to observe the difference

Question 26

Visual Preference Paradigm:

Answer 26

display the two images simultaneously. If the infant cannot perceive the difference between the two, we would expect them to look at each image for approximately the same amount of time. If they look more at one than another we can infer that they can tell the difference.