MidTerm Prep - last day Flashcards
binocular disparity
difference in image location seen by left and right eyes - we see 2 inputs and the brain reconciles, giving us 3D vision
ocular dominance
tendency of one eye to command more cortical cells, making the cells respond preferentially
stereopsis
perception of depth enabled by binocular vision
strabismus
misalignment of eyes, they don’t look in same direction
congenital cataracts
lens opacity present at birth
critical / sensitive period
limited period of plasticity in which an external event has abnormally high impact compared to outside the period
Bruer’s conditions (critical periods)
all subjects have same experience at different stages
duration is the same or varied systematically
Kramer
random control trial breastfeeding helps
Gibbs
observational longitudinal study - SES determines better outcomes, not breastfeeding
convergent research
use of multiple research methods to gain better understanding of particular question or phenomenon
functional isolation hypothesis
IDA does not alter CNS, instead alters behavior which has a feedback loop with interactions with parents , other children that then alters behavior and leads to cognitive deficits
EF skills
inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, working memory
Harlow study
warmth over nourishment - anti Freud
EF skills
inhibitory control
cognitive flexibility
working memory
Harlow study
warmth over nourishment - anti Freud
altricial species
helpless at birth
precocal species
independent at birth
consequences of secure attachment relationships
pro-social behavior self-esteem curiosity coping with novelty coping with failure persistence in problem solving independence infrequency of behavioral problems
dimensions of caregiver characteristics
sensitivity
acceptance
cooperation
accessibility
relational deprivation study
UK 1975 , 50 diff caregivers in nursery by age 4
4 yrs old- indiscriminate friendliness
8 yrs old - behavioral problems
enduring difficulties
romanian orphanages
linear association with duration of relational deprivation
would catch up if adopted before 6 mos
significant deficits in white matter
theory of mind
the ability to attribute mental states (thoughts, desires, and intentions) to oneself and to others, and to understand that others’ mental states can differ from one’s own.
EF skills
Inhibitory Control - overcoming the desire to pay attention to friends at play while you finishyour homework
Cognitive Flexibility - being able to shift easily from your math homework to your english homework, and allocating your energy accordingly
Working memory - remembering a phone number you just read as you walk to get the telephone to dial.
A not B error - two explanations
infant lacks object permanence
Infant lacks inhibitory control - although they understand that the object is now under a different cup, they can’t prevent the reflexive motion of their arm reaching for cup A.
Habituation/dishabituation procedure:
display one image until the infant habituates to that image and loses interest. Then present the second image and see if the infant dishabituations/shows renewed interest, then you can tell that they are able to observe the difference
Visual Preference Paradigm:
display the two images simultaneously. If the infant cannot perceive the difference between the two, we would expect them to look at each image for approximately the same amount of time. If they look more at one than another we can infer that they can tell the difference.
