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Cardiopulmonary Practical > Midterm Practical > Flashcards

Midterm Practical Flashcards

1
Q

heart sits

A

T5-T9

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2
Q

cardiac auscultations

A

aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral

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3
Q

aortic area

A

2nd intercostal space, right sternal border, is

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4
Q

pulmonic area

A

2nd intercostal space, left sternal border, is the

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5
Q

tricuspid area

A

4th or 5th intercostal space, left or right sternal border,

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6
Q

mitral valve

A

apex of heart, 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line

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7
Q

right upper lobe

A

anterior: ribs 1-4
posterior: ribs 1-5

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8
Q

left upper lobe

A

anterior: ribs 1-6
posterior: ribs 1-4

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9
Q

right middle lobe

A

R anterior lat. to medial: ribs 4-6

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10
Q

right lower lobe

A

ribs 6-12 with deep inspiration

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11
Q

left lower lobe

A

posterior: ribs 5-10

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12
Q

S1 (lub)

A

1st heart sound, represents closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves, signals beginning of systole

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13
Q

S2 (dub)

A

2nd heart sound, closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves, radial pulse, signals beginning of diastole

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14
Q

S3

A

ventricular failure, low frequency reverberating sound, hallmark of CHF, could also be present in endurance athletes, PG women, infections, fever, anemia, and childern

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15
Q

S4

A

associated with MI/HTN, late ventricular filling, left ventricular hypertrophy

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16
Q

murmurs

A

vibrations resulting from turbulent blood flow

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17
Q

pericardial rub

A

inflammation causing the inner and outer pericardial wall layer to rub together

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18
Q

bronchovesicular breath sounds

A

sounds of intermediate intensity and pitch
equal lengths
best heard in the 1st and 2nd ICS and between the scapulea

19
Q

vesicular breath sounds

A

major normal breath sound
soft and low pitched
inspiratory longer

20
Q

absent breath sounds

A 
pleural effusion
pneomothorax
severe hyperinflation
obesity
pain
21
Q

bronchial breath sounds

A

consolidation
atelectasis with adjacent patent airway
pneumonia

22
Q

decreased breath sounds

A

hyperinflation in COPD or acute lung disease

pain

23
Q

crackles

A

secretions if biphasic

deflation if monophasic

24
Q

wheezes

A

diffuse airway obstruction if polyphasic

localized stenosis if monophasic

25
Q

prehypertention

A

120-139 or 80-89

26
Q

stage 1 HTN

A

140-159 or 90-99

27
Q

stage 2 HTN

A

160 or higher or 100 or higher

28
Q

hypertensive crisis

A

higher than 180 or higher than 110

29
Q

P wave

A

atrial contraction, atrial depolarization

30
Q

QRS interval

A

ventricular contraction, ventricular depolarization, conduction from the AV node through the Bundle of His, branches, and purkinjie system
normal duration: 0.04-0.11 sec

31
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

32
Q

each small square

A

0.04 seconds

33
Q

each large square

A

0.20 seconds

34
Q

PR interval

A

conduction through the atria to the AV node and Bundle of His
normal duration is 0.12-0.20 sec

35
Q

ST segment

A

time when ventricles have completed depolarization and repolarization begins
elevation and depression are observed in MI

36
Q

Q-T interval

A

time interval for ventricular depolarization and repolarization
norm time 0.32-0.40 sec
prolonged associated with drug toxicity and increased risk of dysrhythmias

37
Q

ectopic beat

A

irregular beat arising in the heart due to a distrubance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conductance system of the heart

38
Q

sinus bradycardia

A

slowed rate
causes: beta-blockers, athlete, decreased automaticity of the SA node
decreased CO

39
Q

sinus tachycardia

A

fast HR

causes: inc. SA node, fear, pain, exertion, inc O2 demand

40
Q

sinus arrhythmia

A

irregular rhythm

causes: infection, fever, meds

41
Q

artial fibrillation

A 
irregularly irregular
no true p-wave
causes: age, CHF, MI, drug use, stress
treatment: anticoagulant therapy, med, cardioversion
dec CO
42
Q

premature ventricular complex PVC

A

irregular regular
QRS: wide and bizarre
causes: caffine, nicotine, ischemia, CHF

43
Q

1st-degree heart block

A

regular rhythm, slow PRI interval

cause: CAD/MI

44
Q

3rd-degree heart block

A

p-p and r-r rhythms are regular
artial equal to or greater than ventricular
causes: MI or digoxin toxicity
treatment: pace

Cardiopulmonary Practical (1 decks)

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