Midterm Pointers TPC 312 Flashcards
a deliberate process for identifying the activities that enable a tourism enterprise of destination to realize its goals
Tourism Planning
specific places that tourists come to see and experience. existing natural attraction, an area of natural scenic beauty, or a man-made attraction
Tourism Sites (TDs)
areas that have a sufficient number and range of tourism sites with the capacity to meet long-term development possibilities; topographical features,
contiguousness of land masses; and geographical size.
Tourism Development Cluster (TDCs)
Consist of at least one , but more usually several
tourism sites. These are not limited by geographical size, depending on the size.
Tourism Development Areas (TDAs)
group of priority TDAs that are adjacent to each other and within their respective cluster
Strategic Destination Areas (SDAs)
closely intertwined
Planning and development
is primarily an intellectual exercise and
should include details of tourism development
and it something you do in the present for the
future.
Planning
is the process of putting together
the components to convert a raw natural, cultural
or historical resource into a tourism destination.
Development
good tourism development program
Tourism Planning
avoid costly errors
Planners
making decisions based on available resources and opportunities
Planning
Tourism Development
- private-public partnership
- tourism competitive advantage
- responsible development
- demand driven sector
-tourism as a system - international cooperation
- private sector investment
- tourism cluster
- government facilitation
- sustainable development
may vary in terms of scope and timeline
Tourism Plan
collaborative process and entails organizing the planning team where different expert are engaged
Tourism Planning
may cover an attraction, a tourist site , a tourist circuit ,a tourism cluster ,or a tourism development area
tourism plan
also be hierarchical. may also vary in terms of time horizon
Plans
must be consistent with a larger plan, starting w/ the provincial tourism
Local tourism plan
one to two years
Short-term
up to five years
medium-term
ten years or more
long-term
consists of experts in land, use planning, human resource development, disaster risk reduction…
Master planning team
Steps in tourism planning
- Situational Analysis
- Setting Goals and Objectives
- Formulating Strategies
- Determining an Action Plan
- Monitoring and Evaluation
answer the question “where are we now’. This step is also called the SWOT analysis
Situational Analysis
is an important step in identifying the planning unit’s strengths and weaknesses.
Microenvironmental Factors
it refer to those that are external to a planning unit . This is an important step in identifying opportunities and threats
Macro-environmental Factors
after knowing where we are ,the next question to ask is ,”Where do we want to be ?” measure of achievement
Setting Goals and Objectives
strategies tell us how to go from where we are to where we want to be. ( how are we going to do in such task, how are you raise funds)
Formulating Strategies
planners translate strategies into tactics or action plans or implementation plans. It provides a breakdown of programs, projects, and activities.
Determining an Action Plan
to compare the results with the stated goals and
objectives.
Monitoring and evaluation
to compare the results with the stated goals and
objectives.
●success indicators;
●targets per indicator ;
●data sources for stated indicators;
●collection method;
●frequency of collection; and
●responsible entity.
can help provide a picture of how ready the place is for tourism
PSE
influence us within strength & weaknesses
Internal Factors
2 Major Factors
- Microenvironmental Factor
- Macro-environmental Factor
Internal Factor
Microenvironmental Factor
External Factor (PESTLE approach)
Macro-environmental Factor
full words for PESTLE approach
Political, Economical, Social, Technology, Environmental
Factors affecting micro-environmental
Internal Communication, Internal affairs, Internal events, Management, Management Decision
Brownfield are the areas where there are no existing facilities/infrastructures/architectures available.
True
Responsible tourism talks about the consideration of maximizing the developmental area by setting up new buildings on the greenfield
True
Site evaluation has preliminary assessment to analyze the situation of a site
True
The projects’ urgency and contribution to development goals must be evaluated to determine their prioritization
True
tourism plan should vary in terms of scope and timelines
true
the first step in developing a tourism plan should be site assessment
True
Consultation with stakeholders must be done from the beginning of the tourism planning process.
True
an action plan must indicate time frame, resources required, evaluation indicators, and responsible offices
True
Tourism Development Cluster (TDCs) are at least one but more usually several tourism sites
False (sufficient number and range)
short-term works for 10 years
False (1-2 years)
External Environment is normally assessed through PESTLE
True
SWOT talks about the position of environmental attributes
True
(TDSs) Tourism Development Sites are specific areas that come to see and experience
True
Tourism Development Cluster (TDCs) are at least one but more usually several tourism sites
False (TDAs) Tourism Development Areas
Planning is using the past to decide now what you want to do in the future.
True
Development is the process of putting together the components to convert a raw, natural, cultural, or historical resources into tourism destination
True
Major Considerations in the Preliminary Site Assessment
- Hazards and Security Issues
- Control and Ownership of the Land
- Stakeholder Support for tourism Development
- Significant Attraction in the Area
- Accessibility
- Sensitivity of the Site to Tourism Impacts
Hazards can be natural or man-made. include threats of typhoon, storm, surges, flooding, erosion. (Man-made hazards include terrorism, serious crimes, infectious disease Covid-19)
Hazards and Security Issues
The government cannot fund projects in privately owned land , protected areas, indigenous peoples’s ancestral domains or those under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Control and Ownership of the Land
tourism stakeholders in decision-making. tourism stake holder-they refer to people. getting more groups, adoption by the LGU and implementation. perceptions and attributes
Stakeholders Support for tourism Development
attraction can be natural or cultural. the older they are the most significant they usually are. age is one consideration. paramount. turn into viable tourism sites
Significant Attraction in the Area
something to do with the infrastructure that will enable visitors to reach the attractions. (expressways, road, bridges, and railways)
Accessibility
may not be critical if the site is a brownfield or a built-up area.
Sensitivity of the Site to Tourism Impacts
categories of the tourism site being evaluated:
existing
emerging
potential
Seven criteria for evaluating a tourism site
- uniqueness and natural beauty
- historical and cultural values
- Accessibility
- Availability and quantity of essential utilities
- Availability and quality of on-site facilities
- Ownership of the property
- Quality of surroundings
have both tourism supply and demand as being in the developed stage
Existing
where the demand is just in the introduction or
growth stage and tourism supply components are still rudimentary.
Emerging
may become successful if the tourism components
are provided
Potential
appeal to the 5 senses
Uniqueness and natural beauty
built heritage at leat 50 yeard old
Historical and cultural value
place accessible all year. regular transport service.
Accessibility
clean water supply for drinking, clean toilets, electricity available 24/7, communication accessible, adequate drainage and sewage system to protect it from flooding
Basic Utilities
well-maintained and safe restrooms. have accommodation facility for overnight guests. recreational facilities, directional and information signs
On-Site Facilities
government-owned, private owned, under CARP or CARPable, an ancestral domain, or claimed by two or more individuals or families
Ownership of property
landfill/dumpsite, mining site or informal settlement. beautiful vista. support services
Quality of Surroundings Within 5km off the site
The aggregate score for a site is the average score of the seven major components. Each of the seven components’ score is the average score of the subcomponents
Scoring, Ranking, and Prioritization
Each sub-component is given a score of ________
1-5
DENR’s set of criteria used for ecotourism sites
- Natural Resources and Features
- Cultural Resources
- Protected Area Management
- Visitor Patterns, Activities, and Infrastructure
- Tourism Plans and Policies
- Communities
- Partnerships
- Marketing and Promotions
- Opportunities and Threats
include fieldwork, key informant interviews, survey and consultative meetings, and workshops.
Primary data gathering techniques
a site where there are no existing man-made buildings, utilities, and facilities.
Greenfield
site opposite the greenfield
Brownfield
pioneer of tourism planning, advises that structures
must be located in the brownfield
Gunn (1982)
Advantages for choosing the site for tourism development
- Minimizes the destruction of pristine natural areas.
- Enables the developer to save a lot of money
categorizes PAs into a strict nature reserve, natural park, natural monument, wildlife sanctuary, protected landscapes and seascapes, and resource reserve.
National Integrated Protected Areas System Act of 1992
strict protection zone, multiple-use zone,
sustainable use zone, restoration zone, habitat management zones, special use zones, cultural zone, recreational zone, and buffer zone.
Management Zones
Guidelines for Choosing the Site for Tourism
Development
- maintaining the natural aesthetics
- use appropriate design and materials
- minimize impact on nature
-Consider the impact of climate change
a potential source of harm to persons or property. A
hazard may cause property damage or loss, disability to people, or even death.
Hazard
combination of the probability of an event happening
and its negative consequences.
Risk
serious disruption of the functioning of a community
or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts.
Disaster
Natural Hazards
- Susceptibility
- Floods
- Landslides
- Earthquake
- Liquefaction
- Subsidence
- Volcanic Eruptions
- Man-made Hazards
communities likely to be
influenced or harmed by particular thing
Susceptibility
caused by monsoonal rains, several
days of continuous rains, when dams need to
release huge volumes of water within a short
span of time.
Floods
sudden release of energy in
the earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.
Earthquakes
process by which loose saturated sand weakens during an earthquake and behaves like a liquid.
Liquefaction
geologic hazard may occur when cavities, such as caverns and sinkholes are formed dure to acidic surface and or groundwater seeping through and dissolving carbonate rocks
Subsidence
can cause ashfall, lahar.
Volcanic Eruptions
mining, crimes, terrorism, warfare, and pandemics
Man-made Hazards
Responses to Disaster
Prevention
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Rehabilitation
outright avoidance of the impacts of hazards and disaster.
Prevention
lessening or reduction of the adverse effects of hazards and disaster. It may come
in the form of legal measures, such as laws and local ordinances.
Mitigation
refers to the knowledge and capacities of organizations, communities, and
individuals to effectively anticipate resend to and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent,
or current hazards event or conditions.
Preparedness
provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after
a disaster to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet and basic
subsistence of the affected people or victims.
Response
restoration and improvement where appropriate of facilities, livelihood and living conditions in the affected areas in accordance with principles of “build back better” (RA No.
10121).
Recovery
ensure the ability of affected areas to restore their normal functions by rebuilding livelihood and damaged infrastructure, and increasing the
communities’ organizational capacity (RA No. 10121).
Rehabilitation
Building the organizational capacity aims to increase _____
Resilience
the ability of a system, community, or society exposed to hazards to
resist a timely and efficient manner (RA No. 10121).
Resilience
The opposite of resilience
Vulnerability
the characteristics and circumstance of an area of community that make them susceptible to the adverse effects of a hazard (RA No. 10121).
Vulnerability
vulnerable population includes women and children,
the elderly, PWDs, ethnic communities (RA No. 10121) and people living in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDAs).
Vulnerable groups
IMPACTS OF HAZARDS ON TOURISM
- Waste of time and money on lost travel opportunities
- Natural calamities and varied weather conditions can cause flight and boat trip cancellations.
- It can even cause lost of human lives.
- Landslides can cut off mountain-based destinations.
- Huge waves can isolate island destinations.
- Floods can cause caving and trekking activities to be cancelled.
- Terrorism can cause high alarm to different foreign tourists.
- Pandemic caused systemic impact on the industry.
