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Rehab 104: Neurorehab 2 > Midterm: PNI UE > Flashcards

Midterm: PNI UE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers that encloses the peripheral nerves?

A
  1. Endoneurium
  2. Perineurium
  3. Epineurium
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2
Q

What is the cause of neuropraxia

A

Compression

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3
Q

What is the healing time of Neuropraxia?

A

1-2 months (3-5 weeks)

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4
Q

What are the feature or effect of Neuropraxia?

A

Minimal Weakness
Thick myelinated motor nerve

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5
Q

What are the structure(s) affected in Neuropraxia?

A

Conduction block
(-) Wallerian Degeneration

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6
Q

What is the cause of Axonotmesis ?

A

Severe compression + traction

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7
Q

What are the structures affected in Axonotmesis?

A

Axon ONLY
(+) Wallerian Degeneration

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8
Q

What type of Wallerian Degeneration is present in Axonotmesis?

A

Axonal Degeneration

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9
Q

What is the healing time of Axonotmesis?

A

1-2mm/day

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10
Q

Does Axonotmesis have a good prognosis?

A

It has a GOOD prognosis

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11
Q

What are the features of having Axonotmesis

A

Myelinated motor and sensory nerves

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12
Q

What is the cause of Neurotmesis ?

A

Trauma

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13
Q

What are the structures affected in Neurotmesis?

A

Complete severity of the neuron include surround structures
(+) Wallerian Degeneration

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14
Q

What is the treatment duration of a pt c Neurotmesis?

A

Surgery

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15
Q

What is the prognosis of patient with Neurotmesis?

A

Poor

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16
Q

What feature is present in Neurotmesis?

A

Any

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17
Q

Out of the 3 PNI Classifications, who does have a (+) Wallerian Degeneration?

A

Axonotmesis et Neurotmesis

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18
Q

What is the description of a First Degree PNI?

A

Focal conduction block without axonal damage

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19
Q

What Sunderland classification does Neurapraxia belong?

A

First degree

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20
Q

What degree is Axonotmesis based on Sunderland classification?

A

Second degree

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21
Q

What is the description of a second degree classification of PNI (Sunderland)?

A

Axon damage with wallerian degeneration, supporting structures intact

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22
Q

What degree is Neurotmesis based on Sunderland PNI Classification?

A

3rd, 4th, 5th

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23
Q

What is the description of a 3rd degree PNI?

A

Damage to axon and endoneurium

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24
Q

What is the description of a 4th degree PNI?

A

Damage to perineurium and endoneurium

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25
Q

What is the description of a 5th degree PNI?

A

Damage to axon and all supporting structures

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26
Q

What is a Sixth-degree Injury?

A

Mixed nerve injury that combines the other degrees of injury

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27
Q

Introduced by Mackinnon to describe a mixed nerve injury that combines the other degrees of injury

A

Sixth-degree Injury

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28
Q

Occurs when some fascicles of the nerve are working normally while other fascicles may be recovering, and other fascicles may require surgical intervention to permit axonal degeneration

A

Sixth-degree injury

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29
Q

(T/F) In 6th-degree injury, fascicles require surgical intervention to permit axonal degenetation

A

True

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30
Q

(T/F) some fascicles of the nerve are working normally while other fascicles may be recovering

A

True

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31
Q

Enumerate the sequelae of Peripheral Nerve Compression

A
  1. Paresthesia
  2. Motor Paresis
  3. Sensory Deficits
  4. Both Motor and Sensory Deficits
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32
Q

Which of the following is not part of the branches of brachial plexus?
A. Axillary nerve
B. Long thoracic nerve
C. Median nerve
D. Radial nerve

A

B. Long thoracic nerve

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33
Q

Which of the following has innervation from the medial cord of the brachial plexus?
A. Musculocutaneous Nerve
B. Axillary Nerve
C. Ulnar Nerve
D. Radial Nerve

A

C. Ulnar Nerve

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34
Q

Affectation of this cord in the brachial plexus will lead to limitation of Adduction, Internal Rotation and Extension
A. Lateral Cord
B. Posterior Cord
C. Medial Cord

A

B. Posterior Cord

35
Q

What are the roots that belong to the brachial plexus?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

36
Q

In the thoracic outlet syndrome, which of the following is/are subjected to compression?
A. Subscapular Nerve
B. subclavian Nerve
C. Jugular Nerve
D. Brachial Plexus

A

D. Brachial Plexus

37
Q

Interval from the supraclavicular fossa to the axilla that passes between the clavicle and the 1st rib

A

Thoracic outlet

38
Q

Where can you find the thoracic outlet?

A

From the supraclavicular fossa to the axilla that passes between the clavicle and the first rib

39
Q

What are the 3 important structures that may be subjected to compression in thoracic outlet syndrome?

A
  1. Subclavian artery
  2. Subclavian vein
  3. Brachial Plexus
40
Q

What are the muscles affected if you had flexion-hyperextension type of trauma in the neck

A

Scalene Muscles

41
Q

What is the MOI of trauma to the neck?

A

Flexion-hyperextension type -> tearing of the scalene muscle bundles -> compression of the nerve roots and trunks

42
Q

This is caused by undergoing chemo; breast cancer

A

Radiation fibrosis

43
Q

What is the most common cancer that will cause radiation fibrosis?

44
Q

It is common to athletes that uses throwing / repetitive motions

A

Repetitive traction injury

45
Q

What is the most common general manifestation of TOS?

A

UE paresthesia (98%)

46
Q

What are the general manifestations of TOS?

A
  1. UE paresthesia
  2. Trapezis pain
  3. SH and/or arm pain
  4. Supraclavicular pain
  5. Chest Pain
  6. Occipital headache
  7. NA
  8. Paresthesias in the 4th and 5th fingers only
  9. Paresthesia in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd finger
47
Q

What is the other name of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

A

Subclavian Artery Occlusion

48
Q

(T/F) Dense fascial bands running forward and inferiorly from a cervical rib or elongated transverse process of C7 can cause Arterial TOS

49
Q

(T/F) SUbclavian Artery Occlusion Sx may be positional and may interfere c occupations requiring overhead arm use

50
Q

(T/F) there is absence of pulse with a completely abducted arm during overhead activity in TOS

51
Q

What is Aneurysmal Disease caused by?

A

Embolization is caused by fragments of the clotted material within the aneurysm breaking loose and lodging in the distal vessels

52
Q

What assessment is used to confirm presence of aneurysm?

A

Ultrasound study

53
Q

What are the affected muscles in TOS?

A

Scalene, levator scapulae, pectoralis m, pectoralis M, anterior portion of the intercostals, suboccipital mm

54
Q

Which of the following muscles help in Upward rotation of the scapula?
A. Rhomboids
B. Pectoralis Minor
C. Trapezius
D. Levator scapulae

A

C. Trapezius

55
Q

In injury of the long thoracic nerve, entrapment of C5 and C6 as they pass through the _________

A

Scelaneus muscles

56
Q

Where is the structure that compresses the nerve in UE traction that causes long thoracic nerve injury?

57
Q

Compression and traction to the nerve by the _____ during general anestheis or with passive abduction of the arm will cause injury of the long thoracic nerve

A

Inferior angle of scapula

58
Q

What is the result if you injured your long thoracic nerve?

A

Scapular winging

59
Q

If the SA is weak where does the scapula goes or moves?

60
Q

What muscle is affected in medial scapular winging?

A

Serratus anterior

61
Q

What nerve is affected in medial scapular winging?

A

Long thoracic nerve

62
Q

What nerve is affected in lateral scapular winging?

63
Q

What muscle sis affected in lateral scapular winging?

64
Q

What nerve is affected in posterior scapular winging

65
Q

What muscle is affected in posterior scapular winging?

A

Rhomboids and levator scapulae

66
Q

Affected motion in Erb’s Palsy

A
  1. Elbow flexion
  2. FA supination
  3. Wrist extension
67
Q

What is the MOI of Erb’s Palsy?

A

Shoulder depression and lateral flexion of the neck to the opposite side

68
Q

What are the affected nerve root in Erb’s Palsy?

69
Q

Also known as the upper plexus injury

A

Erb’s palsy / Erb-Duchenne Palsy

70
Q

Enumerate the Waiter’s Tip Deformity

A
  1. Sh- add IR
  2. Elbow extension
  3. FA pronation
  4. Wrist flexion
71
Q

Which of the following sign and symptom is not related to HORNER’S SYNDROME?
A. Miosis
B. Anhidrosis
C. Ptosis
D. Exopthalmus

A

D. Exopthalmus

72
Q

What deformity is cause by Kumpke Palsy?

A

(+) claw hand
(+) horner’s syndrome

73
Q

If erb’s palsy is upper plexus injury, Klumpke Palsy is ______

A

Lower plexus injury

74
Q

Nerve roots affected in Klumpke Palsy

A

C8, T1 roots, lower trunk, medial cord level

75
Q

An upper limb neurodynamic tension test that assess the integrity of Radial nerve
A. ULNT 1
B. ULNT 2
C. ULNT 3
D. ULNT 4

76
Q

An upper limb neurodynamic tension test that assess the integrity of Axillary Nerve
A. ULNT 1
B. ULNT 2
C. ULNT 3
D. ULNT 4

77
Q

Most common entrapment nN. In shoulder 2* ______

A

Humeral neck Fx

78
Q

Origin of the axillary nerve is from

A

Posterior cord (brachial plexus)

79
Q

A specific space that if there is an injury in the axillary nerve it will cause entrapment

A

Quadrilateral space

80
Q

Actions affected of deltoid paralysis

A

SH: flexion, abd, extension

81
Q

Teres minor paralysis will affect what action?

A

External rotation

82
Q

If there is injury of the axillary nerve, is there any sensation left?

A

Loss of sensation over deltoid prominence

83
Q

MOI of Axillary Nerve Injury

A
  1. Anterior or inferior dislocation of humeral head
  2. Fracture of surgical neck of the humerus
  3. Forceful abd of humerus
  4. FOOSH

Rehab 104: Neurorehab 2 (1 decks)

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