midterm photos Flashcards

Question

what do we see here?

Answer 1

right behind the 3M so distodens but its also a paramolar technically too. only one side affected.

Answer 2

pt has 3 4M. these can cause probs in pericoronal infections *so a good idea to remove these molars.*

Answer 3

we can see the dental follice on the supernumerary tooth there is a potential for the follicular sacs could become cystic.

Answer 4

cleidocranial dysplasia because SO MANy supernumerary teeth associated with it but also can see a lack of dental development on the maxilla anteriors.

Answer 5

cleidocranial dysplasia ## Footnote because SO MANy supernumerary teeth associated with it but also can see a lack of dental development on the maxilla anteriors.

Answer 6

cleidocranial dysplasia. because SO MANy supernumerary teeth associated with it but also can see a lack of dental development on the maxilla anteriors.

Answer 7

cystic degeneration of follicular epithelium

Answer 8

dont think so. mx- unable to tell md- if you were to upright the two molars you can see that there is enough space for a 1M so that means that the two M there are the 2M and 3M. They are tilted in due to drifting.

Answer 9

cannot tell. could be congentialy missing or acquired missing.

Answer 10

- not missing in mx R quad - not missing in md R quad can see the outline of where the 3M was. - mx L quad 2M lining up with zygomatic process so yes missing 3M do not know if acquired or congenital. - in md L quad not mising 3M.

Answer 11

a peg lateral. think both of them are pegs. promixal surfaces are converging which is not what its suppose to be, its suppose to be that proximal surfaces are convex.

Answer 12

peg lateral. AMLI

Answer 13

- could be ectodermal dysplasia bc missing teeth and deformed but also see pegged laterals.

Answer 14

an impacted cuspid

Answer 15

no cuspid. a retained decidous tooth because perm is impacted or missing. Here it is missing.

Answer 16

what do we see here

Answer 17

retained deciduous tooth, no erupting perm tooth.

Answer 18

macrodont tooth has extra grooves- plaque accumulation, incr. caries marginal ridges do not line up - more susceptible to caries and periodontal probs extraction is difficult too

Answer 19

bifurcation at PM means there is an extra root.

Answer 20

abrasion ## Footnote *notice the line on the PM that is a give away that this is from unusual wear.*

Answer 21

abrasion ## Footnote *notice the line on the PM that is a give away that this is from unusual wear.*

Answer 22

abrasion ## Footnote *notice the line on the PM that is a give away that this is from unusual wear.*

Answer 23

erosion. balemic pt probably bc you can see the "U" shape of marginal ridges you are loosing the cingulum. typical finding, smoothing out of marginal ridges.

Answer 24

dens in dente type I - coronal

Answer 25

dens in dente type I - coronal tx: restore coronal pit

Answer 26

double dens invagination tx: restore coronal pit

Answer 27

dens in dente type I - coronal tx: restore coronal pit

Answer 28

dens in dente type II - extends apical to CEJ tx: restore coronal pit

Answer 29

dens in dente type III - extends through root perforating to apex * has the worst prognosis* tx: restore coronal pit

Answer 30

talon cusps ## Footnote *an extra cusp*

Answer 31

talon cups ## Footnote *an extra cusp*

Answer 32

upside down an inverted tooth

Answer 33

impacted tooth partly erupted so more suspicious to infection

Answer 34

impacted tooh striaght vertical impacted

Answer 35

inverted mesioangle

Answer 36

horiztonal impacted tooth

Answer 37

large pulp chamber/canal young patient

Answer 38

large pulp chamber young age

Answer 39

normal follicle

Answer 40

pericoronitis ## Footnote If the dental follicle gets infected, the inflammation often spreads along the deep fascial planes which gives cellulitis

Answer 41

a dental follicle infected gives pericoronitis

Answer 42

pericoronitis ## Footnote Painful due to spread of infection through the fascial pains Painful in any of the areas

Answer 43

pericoronitis ## Footnote Painful due to spread of infection through the fascial pains Painful in any of the areas

Answer 44

pericoronitis ## Footnote Painful due to spread of infection through the fascial pains Painful in any of the areas

Answer 45

dentigerous cyst

Answer 46

periapical cyst

Answer 47

dentigerous cyst ## Footnote Cystic lining arise from remnants of dental follicle Consistently widened follicular space of \>3mm Well-delineated radiolucency with corticated borders

Answer 48

**dentigerous cyst** Cystic lining arise from remnants of dental follicle Consistently widened follicular space of \>3mm Well-delineated radiolucency with corticated borders

Answer 49

**dentigerous cyst** Cystic lining arise from remnants of dental follicle Consistently widened follicular space of \>3mm Well-delineated radiolucency with corticated borders

Answer 50

dentigerous cyst Cystic lining arise from remnants of dental follicle Consistently widened follicular space of \>3mm Well-delineated radiolucency with corticated borders

Answer 51

**dentigerous cyst** Cystic lining arise from remnants of dental follicle Consistently widened follicular space of \>3mm *can get super large, and this is not painful to the pt* Well-delineated radiolucency with corticated borders

Answer 52

**dentigerous cyst** Cystic lining arise from remnants of dental follicle Consistently widened follicular space of \>3mm Well-delineated radiolucency with corticated borders

Answer 53

**dentigerous cyst** Cystic lining arise from remnants of dental follicle Consistently widened follicular space of \>3mm Well-delineated radiolucency with corticated borders

Answer 54

Eruption cyst soft, fluid filled swelling of crestal mucosa. Blue-ish coloration to it due to trauma creating blood in cystic fluid. XR: lack of crestal alveolar bone bc of position of erupting crown and cyst near the area. age: \<10 yo, mixed dentition site: most common in md M region

Answer 55

eruption cyst soft, fluid filled swelling of crestal mucosa. Blue-ish coloration to it due to trauma creating blood in cystic fluid. XR: lack of crestal alveolar bone bc of position of erupting crown and cyst near the area. age: \<10 yo, mixed dentition site: most common in md M region

Answer 56

eruption cyst soft, fluid filled swelling of crestal mucosa. Blue-ish coloration to it due to trauma creating blood in cystic fluid. XR: lack of crestal alveolar bone bc of position of erupting crown and cyst near the area. age: \<10 yo, mixed dentition site: most common in md M region

Answer 57

ameloblastic fibroma ## Footnote XR: pericoronal radiolucency associated with a developing tooth *Tooth is displaced and not even well formed* Age: younger individuls 70% Site: md M/PM region Tx: enucleation, 20% of recurrence.

Answer 58

**Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma** Clinical: mixed odontogenic tumor, similar to ameloblastic fibroma but has a mineralized stroma XR: pericoronal radio-lucency associated with a developing tooth. Radiopaque flecks noted in the lumen. Most are neoplasms so did not develop properly Age: ~15 years Site: post md Must be differentiated from the odontoameloblastoma as the latter is more aggressive.

Answer 59

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma Clinical: mixed odontogenic tumor, similar to ameloblastic fibroma but has a mineralized stroma XR: pericoronal radio-lucency associated with a developing tooth. Radiopaque flecks noted in the lumen. Most are neoplasms so did not develop properly Age: ~15 years Site: post md Must be differentiated from the odontoameloblastoma as the latter is more aggressive.

Answer 60

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma Clinical: mixed odontogenic tumor, similar to ameloblastic fibroma but has a mineralized stroma XR: pericoronal radio-lucency associated with a developing tooth. Radiopaque flecks noted in the lumen. Most are neoplasms so did not develop properly Age: ~15 years Site: post md Must be differentiated from the odontoameloblastoma as the latter is more aggressive.

Answer 61

**Odontoameloblastoma** Rare, must be differentiated bc this one requires surgical resection while amelobastic fibro-odontoma doesn’t Clinical: seen mainly in md Age: teens and children XR: expansive with destruction of adjacent bone Also has rudimentary tooth-like structures similar to complex odontoma

Answer 62

Odontoameloblastoma Rare, must be differentiated bc this one requires surgical resection while amelobastic fibro-odontoma doesn’t Clinical: seen mainly in md Age: teens and children XR: expansive with destruction of adjacent bone Also has rudimentary tooth-like structures similar to complex odontoma

Answer 63

Odontoameloblastoma Rare, must be differentiated bc this one requires surgical resection while amelobastic fibro-odontoma doesn’t Clinical: seen mainly in md Age: teens and children XR: expansive with destruction of adjacent bone Also has rudimentary tooth-like structures similar to complex odontoma

Answer 64

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling, more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. **Max:md is 2:1 *looks like dentigerous cyst but look at the location!! this gives clues to it.***

Answer 65

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling, more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. Max:md is 2:1

Answer 66

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling, more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. Max:md is 2:1

Answer 67

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm **Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling,** more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. Max:md is 2:1

Answer 68

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling, more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. Max:md is 2:1

Answer 69

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling, more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. Max:md is 2:1

Answer 70

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling, more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. Max:md is 2:1

Answer 71

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling, more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. Max:md is 2:1

Answer 72

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling, more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. Max:md is 2:1 ***but can still be seen in other places***

Answer 73

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor XR: consistnely widened follicular space of \>3mm if associated with crown of impacted tooth (~75%) Can see radiolucency's developing within the lumen Well-defined radiolucency with corticated border usually more than 3cm Clinical: can have asymmetrical swelling, more common in females (2:1 ratio) Age: adolescents 10-19 yo Site: ant jaw. Max:md is 2:1

Answer 74

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor Clinical: ~50% associated with impacted teeth Aka pindborg tumor XR: fleck are due to calcified amyloid Breakdown product of the neoplastic epithelial cells; these mineralization are Leisegang's rings Histo: see epithelial cells bridging Age: mean age of 40 Site: md: mx 2:1 Most likley in post mandible Tx: larger lesions require en bloc resections

Answer 75

**Calcifying odontogenic cyst** Clinical: aka Gorlin cyst Extremely variable presentation About 2-16% behave as neoplasms 2.0 to 4.0 cm diameter, can be as large as 12cm Half of them are peri coronal and half of them are not Slow growing cyst XR: vary from uni to multilocular 50% have radiopacities in the lumen 33% present as pericoronal radiolucencies. Age: at any age but mostly dx in teens and young adults Site: 65% in ant maxilla Tx: simple enucleation with minimal recurrence

Answer 76

**Calcifying odontogenic cyst** Clinical: aka Gorlin cyst Extremely variable presentation About 2-16% behave as neoplasms 2.0 to 4.0 cm diameter, can be as large as 12cm Half of them are peri coronal and half of them are not Slow growing cyst XR: vary from uni to multilocular 50% have radiopacities in the lumen 33% present as pericoronal radiolucencies. Age: at any age but mostly dx in teens and young adults Site: 65% in ant maxilla Tx: simple enucleation with minimal recurrence

Answer 77

Calcifying odontogenic cyst Clinical: aka Gorlin cyst Extremely variable presentation About 2-16% behave as neoplasms 2.0 to 4.0 cm diameter, can be as large as 12cm Half of them are peri coronal and half of them are not Slow growing cyst XR: vary from uni to multilocular 50% have radiopacities in the lumen 33% present as pericoronal radiolucencies. Age: at any age but mostly dx in teens and young adults Site: 65% in ant maxilla Tx: simple enucleation with minimal recurrence

Answer 78

**Incisive canal cyst** The most likely one we will see Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 79

normal incisve canal

Answer 80

**Incisive canal cyst *this is suspicious bc dn follow continous of incisve foramen*** The most likely one we will see Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 81

**Incisive canal cyst** The most likely one we will see. **Its Around the midline** Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade **Site: ant mx, close to the midline** Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 82

**Incisive canal cyst** The most likely one we will see. Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 83

**Incisive canal cyst *its not heart shape that is the ant nasal spine in the way, its actually rounded*** The most likely one we will see. Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 84

**Incisive canal cyst** The most likely one we will see. Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 85

**Incisive canal cyst** The most likely one we will see. Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 86

**Incisive canal cyst** The most likely one we will see. Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 87

Incisive canal cyst The most likely one we will see. Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 88

**Incisive canal cyst** The most likely one we will see. Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst **The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline.** Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 89

**Incisive canal cyst** The most likely one we will see. Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in **pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring**

Answer 90

Incisive canal cyst The most likely one we will see. Around the midline Clinical: painless swelling, sinus tract may be present XR: unilocular radiolucency in vicinity of mx midline, causes alterations to walls of incisive canals, root divergence in cases of large cyst The wall outline is bowing and corticated, away from the midline. Age: 4th and 6th decade Site: ant mx, close to the midline Gender: M:F (3:1) Tx: enucleation, ideally remove but need to take in pt consideration and maybe just have to do routine monitoring

Answer 91

**(Traumatic ) Solitary bone cyst like an empty cavity** Clinical: normally asymptomatic, may have swelling or pain Other names: theres a lot solitary bone cyst, hemorrahgic bone cyst XR: unilocular radiolucency with interradicular **scalloped superior margins.** Usually \>10mm and associated with \>1 root apex Aggressive lesions can be expansive Age: \<25 years, but mostly the second decade Site: body and ramus of the mandible Gender: none Tx: initiate bleeding to start the healing process, recurrence is rare

Answer 92

**(Traumatic ) Solitary bone cyst like an empty cavity** Clinical: normally asymptomatic, may have swelling or pain Other names: theres a lot solitary bone cyst, hemorrahgic bone cyst XR: unilocular radiolucency with **interradicular scalloped superior margins**. Usually \>10mm and associated with \>1 root apex Aggressive lesions can be expansive Age: \<25 years, but mostly the second decade Site: body and ramus of the mandible Gender: none Tx: initiate bleeding to start the healing process, recurrence is rare

Answer 93

**(Traumatic ) Solitary bone cyst like an empty cavity** Clinical: normally asymptomatic, may have swelling or pain Other names: theres a lot solitary bone cyst, hemorrahgic bone cyst XR: unilocular radiolucency with interradicular scalloped superior margins. Usually \>10mm and associated with \>1 root apex Aggressive lesions can be expansive Age: \<25 years, but mostly the second decade Site: body and ramus of the mandible Gender: none Tx: initiate bleeding to start the healing process, recurrence is rare

Answer 94

**(Traumatic ) Solitary bone cyst like an empty cavity** Clinical: normally asymptomatic, may have swelling or pain Other names: theres a lot solitary bone cyst, hemorrahgic bone cyst XR: unilocular radiolucency with interradicular scalloped superior margins. Usually \>10mm and associated with \>1 root apex Aggressive lesions can be expansive Age: \<25 years, but mostly the second decade Site: body and ramus of the mandible Gender: none Tx: initiate bleeding to start the healing process, recurrence is rare

Answer 95

**(Traumatic ) Solitary bone cyst *like an empty cavity AGRESSIVE.*** Clinical: normally asymptomatic, may have swelling or pain Other names: theres a lot solitary bone cyst, hemorrahgic bone cyst XR: unilocular radiolucency with interradicular scalloped superior margins. Usually \>10mm and associated with \>1 root apex Aggressive lesions can be expansive Age: \<25 years, but mostly the second decade Site: body and ramus of the mandible Gender: none Tx: initiate bleeding to start the healing process, recurrence is rare

Answer 96

**Posterior lingual mandibular salivary gland depressions** Clinical: asymptomatic, usually found in routine radiographs examinations Aka stafne cyst XR: well circumscribed post radiolucency in M region between mand canal and inf border

Answer 97

**Posterior lingual mandibular salivary gland depressions** Clinical: asymptomatic, usually found in routine radiographs examinations Aka stafne cyst XR: well circumscribed post radiolucency in M region between mand canal and inf border

Answer 98

**Posterior lingual mandibular salivary gland depressions** Clinical: asymptomatic, usually found in routine radiographs examinations Aka stafne cyst XR: well circumscribed post radiolucency in M region between mand canal and inf border

Answer 99

**Lateral periodontal cyst** Clinical: asymptomatic, dome-shaped swellings of the interdental papilla, attached gingiva or alveolar mucosa This is not necessarily apical cyst, it is not displacing the root but growing B and L and starts to form biconcave and grows around the root XR: well defined radiolucency's. It is round to ovid in shape. Normally in interradicular areas between alveolar crest and apices. May or may not come in contact with the root surface Age: adults Site: MD around the C-PM area Gender: more in Males Tx: enucleation, this should be removed, the cyst does not recur. But must be differentiated from early stage OKCs and ameloblastomas

Answer 100

**Lateral periodontal cyst** Clinical: asymptomatic, dome-shaped swellings of the interdental papilla, attached gingiva or alveolar mucosa This is not necessarily apical cyst, it is not displacing the root but growing B and L and starts to form biconcave and grows around the root XR: well defined radiolucency's. It is round to ovid in shape. Normally in interradicular areas between alveolar crest and apices. May or may not come in contact with the root surface Age: adults Site: MD around the C-PM area Gender: more in Males Tx: enucleation, this should be removed, the cyst does not recur. But must be differentiated from early stage OKCs and ameloblastomas

Answer 101

**Lateral periodontal cyst** Clinical: asymptomatic, dome-shaped swellings of the interdental papilla, attached gingiva or alveolar mucosa This is not necessarily apical cyst, it is not displacing the root but growing B and L and starts to form biconcave and grows around the root XR: well defined radiolucency's. It is round to ovid in shape. Normally in interradicular areas between alveolar crest and apices. May or may not come in contact with the root surface Age: adults Site: MD around the C-PM area Gender: more in Males Tx: enucleation, this should be removed, the cyst does not recur. But must be differentiated from early stage OKCs and ameloblastomas

Answer 102

Lateral periodontal cyst Clinical: asymptomatic, dome-shaped swellings of the interdental papilla, attached gingiva or alveolar mucosa This is not necessarily apical cyst, it is not displacing the root but growing B and L and starts to form biconcave and grows around the root XR: well defined radiolucency's. It is round to ovid in shape. Normally in interradicular areas between alveolar crest and apices. May or may not come in contact with the root surface Age: adults Site: MD around the C-PM area Gender: more in Males Tx: enucleation, this should be removed, the cyst does not recur. But must be differentiated from early stage OKCs and ameloblastomas

Answer 103

**Lateral periodontal cyst** Clinical: asymptomatic, dome-shaped swellings of the interdental papilla, attached gingiva or alveolar mucosa This is not necessarily apical cyst, it is not displacing the root but growing B and L and starts to form biconcave and grows around the root XR: **well defined radiolucency's. It is round to ovid in shape. Normally in interradicular areas between alveolar crest and apices.** May or may not come in contact with the root surface Age: adults Site: MD around the C-PM area Gender: more in Males Tx: enucleation, this should be removed, the cyst does not recur. But must be differentiated from early stage OKCs and ameloblastomas

Answer 104

**Lateral periodontal cyst** Clinical: asymptomatic, dome-shaped swellings of the interdental papilla, attached gingiva or alveolar mucosa This is not necessarily apical cyst, it is not displacing the root but growing B and L and starts to form biconcave and grows around the root XR: well defined radiolucency's. It is round to ovid in shape. Normally in interradicular areas between alveolar crest and apices. May or may not come in contact with the root surface Age: adults Site: MD around the C-PM area Gender: more in Males Tx: enucleation, this should be removed, the cyst does not recur. But must be differentiated from early stage OKCs and ameloblastomas

Answer 105

**Posterior lingual mandibular salivary gland depressions** This is not an actual cyst but looks like it Age: adults, 50+ Site: between md canal and inf border Gender: males Tx: positive dx based on clinical and radiographic hx negate the need for biopsy and histologic examinations

Answer 106

**Posterior lingual mandibular salivary gland depressions** This is not an actual cyst but looks like it Age: adults, 50+ Site: between md canal and inf border Gender: males Tx: positive dx based on clinical and radiographic hx negate the need for biopsy and histologic examinations

Answer 107

**Posterior lingual mandibular salivary gland depressions** This is not an actual cyst but looks like it Age: adults, 50+ Site: between md canal and inf border Gender: males Tx: positive dx based on clinical and radiographic hx negate the need for biopsy and histologic examinations

Answer 108

**Posterior lingual mandibular salivary gland depressions** This is not an actual cyst but looks like it Age: adults, 50+ Site: between md canal and inf border Gender: males Tx: positive dx based on clinical and radiographic hx negate the need for biopsy and histologic examinations

Answer 109

**Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defects of the jaw** Clinical: asymptomatic XR: unilocular, faint radiolucency, not ragged but difficult to discern as a separate entity Looks similar to a solidarity bone loss cyst but not turning bone over. It looks irregular but well defined. Age: all Site: md Gender: slightly more in F but not really. Tx: none

Answer 110

**Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defects of the jaw** Clinical: asymptomatic XR: unilocular, faint radiolucency, not ragged but difficult to discern as a separate entity Looks similar to a solidarity bone loss cyst but not turning bone over. It looks irregular but well defined. Age: all Site: md Gender: slightly more in F but not really. Tx: none

Answer 111

Residual cyst Clinical: asymp, normally found on radiographic examinations of edentulous areas Tooth or root may or may not be present. If previously extracted may not be any root present XR: well defined radiolucency with smooth, round, corticated borders, around 5mm or less in diameter Age: middle age or older Site: more common in mx Gender: more common in M Tx: same as a PA cyst so requires removal of cyst lining and enucleation if a large cyst.

Answer 112

**residual cyst** Clinical: asymp, normally found on radiographic examinations of edentulous areas Tooth or root may or may not be present. If previously extracted may not be any root present XR: well defined radiolucency with smooth, round, corticated borders, around 5mm or less in diameter Age: middle age or older Site: more common in mx Gender: more common in M Tx: same as a PA cyst so requires removal of cyst lining and enucleation if a large cyst.

Answer 113

**fibrous healing defect** ## Footnote Pathophysiology: develops after inflammation that affects the integrity of the periosteum. After ds is eradicated, the bone deals wo mineralized boney matrix. So only fibrous CT fills the site Clinical: asymptomatic, noted in areas with a hx of ds or trauma XR: well circumscribed radiolucent lesion at site of prev surgery We see "punched out" or see through appearance May resemble residual cyst in edentulous areas but LACK cortication. Tx: no tx. Med hx is critical in dx.

Answer 114

**fibrous healing defect** Pathophysiology: develops after inflammation that affects the integrity of the periosteum. After ds is eradicated, the bone deals wo mineralized boney matrix. So only fibrous CT fills the site Clinical: asymptomatic, noted in areas with a hx of ds or trauma XR: well circumscribed radiolucent lesion at site of prev surgery We see "punched out" or see through appearance May resemble residual cyst in edentulous areas but LACK cortication. Tx: no tx. Med hx is critical in dx.

Answer 115

## Footnote **fibrous healing defect** Pathophysiology: develops after inflammation that affects the integrity of the periosteum. After ds is eradicated, the bone deals wo mineralized boney matrix. So only fibrous CT fills the site Clinical: asymptomatic, noted in areas with a hx of ds or trauma XR: well circumscribed radiolucent lesion at site of prev surgery We see "punched out" or see through appearance May resemble residual cyst in edentulous areas but LACK cortication. Tx: no tx. Med hx is critical in dx.

Answer 116

**Neuroma, neurofibroma** Clinical: expansion, pain, or paresthesia Symptoms: complaints of burning, tingling and aching sensations XR: well circumscribed radiolucency of various shapes. In md usually forms in md canal. Tx: excision, recurrence is rare.

Answer 117

**Neuroma, neurofibroma** Clinical: expansion, pain, or paresthesia Symptoms: complaints of burning, tingling and aching sensations XR: well circumscribed radiolucency of various shapes. In md usually forms in md canal. Tx: excision, recurrence is rare.

Answer 118

**Ameloblastoma** Aka conventional (multicystic) ameloblastoma 85-90% of all ameloblastomas Clinical: slow painless swellings, small lesions detected by XR, larger lesions detected clinically XR: small lesions are unilocular with corticated borders. Large, aggressive lesions develop multilocular patterns. It displaces and resorbs teeth Age: adults 3rd to 7th decade Site: MAND 85% mx 15% Gender: none Tx: large aggressive lesions need bone resection. Higher likelihood for recurrence. If not resected then 50 to 90% of recurrence. **"classic appearance"**

Answer 119

Ameloblastoma Aka conventional (multicystic) ameloblastoma 85-90% of all ameloblastomas Clinical: slow painless swellings, small lesions detected by XR, larger lesions detected clinically XR: small lesions are unilocular with corticated borders. Large, aggressive lesions develop multilocular patterns. It displaces and resorbs teeth Age: adults 3rd to 7th decade Site: MAND 85% mx 15% Gender: none Tx: large aggressive lesions need bone resection. Higher likelihood for recurrence. If not resected then 50 to 90% of recurrence.

Answer 120

**Ameloblastoma** Aka conventional (multicystic) ameloblastoma 85-90% of all ameloblastomas Clinical: slow painless swellings, small lesions detected by XR, larger lesions detected clinically XR: small lesions are unilocular with corticated borders. Large, aggressive lesions develop multilocular patterns. It displaces and resorbs teeth Age: adults 3rd to 7th decade Site: MAND 85% mx 15% Gender: none Tx: large aggressive lesions need bone resection. Higher likelihood for recurrence. If not resected then 50 to 90% of recurrence.

Answer 121

**Ameloblastoma** Aka conventional (multicystic) ameloblastoma 85-90% of all ameloblastomas Clinical: slow painless swellings, small lesions detected by XR, larger lesions detected clinically XR: small lesions are unilocular with corticated borders. Large, aggressive lesions develop multilocular patterns. It displaces and resorbs teeth Age: adults 3rd to 7th decade Site: MAND 85% mx 15% Gender: none Tx: large aggressive lesions need bone resection. Higher likelihood for recurrence. If not resected then 50 to 90% of recurrence.

Answer 122

**Ameloblastoma** Aka conventional (multicystic) ameloblastoma 85-90% of all ameloblastomas Clinical: slow painless swellings, small lesions detected by XR, larger lesions detected clinically XR: small lesions are unilocular with corticated borders. Large, aggressive lesions develop multilocular patterns. It displaces and resorbs teeth Age: adults 3rd to 7th decade Site: MAND 85% mx 15% Gender: none Tx: large aggressive lesions need bone resection. Higher likelihood for recurrence. If not resected then 50 to 90% of recurrence.

Answer 123

## Footnote **Odontogenic keratocyst aka OKC** THE THIRD MOST COMMON CYST (#1: PA CYST, #2: DENTIGEROUS) Pathophysiology: 10 to 12% of all odontogenic cyst, aggressive behave more like benign neoplasms, thought to arise from cell rests of dental lamina Clinical: normally asymptomatic with increasing size, pain, swelling and exudate may occur XR: well-defined, smooth, corticated borders, thinning and mild expansion with some perforation of cortical plates, displacement of teeth. Only occasional root resorption (less than dentigerous and radicular cysts) Mild b - L expansion but extensive ant-post extension Age: 2nd to 4th decade Site: Most in md post to C Gender: more in M Tx: enucleation with currettage, a high recurrance rate. When multiple OKC are found they may be a part of the basal cell nevus syndrome (aka nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Answer 124

**Odontogenic keratocyst aka OKC** THE THIRD MOST COMMON CYST (#1: PA CYST, #2: DENTIGEROUS) Pathophysiology: 10 to 12% of all odontogenic cyst, aggressive behave more like benign neoplasms, thought to arise from cell rests of dental lamina Clinical: normally asymptomatic with increasing size, pain, swelling and exudate may occur XR: well-defined, smooth, corticated borders, thinning and mild expansion with some perforation of cortical plates, displacement of teeth. Only occasional root resorption (less than dentigerous and radicular cysts) Mild b - L expansion but extensive ant-post extension Age: 2nd to 4th decade Site: Most in md post to C Gender: more in M Tx: enucleation with currettage, a high recurrance rate. When multiple OKC are found they may be a part of the basal cell nevus syndrome (aka nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Answer 125

**Odontogenic keratocyst aka OKC** THE THIRD MOST COMMON CYST (#1: PA CYST, #2: DENTIGEROUS) Pathophysiology: 10 to 12% of all odontogenic cyst, aggressive behave more like benign neoplasms, thought to arise from cell rests of dental lamina Clinical: normally asymptomatic with increasing size, pain, swelling and exudate may occur XR: well-defined, smooth, corticated borders, thinning and mild expansion with some perforation of cortical plates, displacement of teeth. Only occasional root resorption (less than dentigerous and radicular cysts) Mild b - L expansion but extensive ant-post extension Age: 2nd to 4th decade Site: Most in md post to C Gender: more in M Tx: enucleation with currettage, a high recurrance rate. When multiple OKC are found they may be a part of the basal cell nevus syndrome (aka nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Answer 126

**Odontogenic keratocyst aka OKC small stage** THE THIRD MOST COMMON CYST (#1: PA CYST, #2: DENTIGEROUS) Pathophysiology: 10 to 12% of all odontogenic cyst, aggressive behave more like benign neoplasms, thought to arise from cell rests of dental lamina Clinical: normally asymptomatic with increasing size, pain, swelling and exudate may occur XR: well-defined, smooth, corticated borders, thinning and mild expansion with some perforation of cortical plates, displacement of teeth. Only occasional root resorption (less than dentigerous and radicular cysts) Mild b - L expansion but extensive ant-post extension Age: 2nd to 4th decade Site: Most in md post to C Gender: more in M Tx: enucleation with currettage, a high recurrance rate. When multiple OKC are found they may be a part of the basal cell nevus syndrome (aka nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Answer 127

**Odontogenic keratocyst aka OKC** THE THIRD MOST COMMON CYST (#1: PA CYST, #2: DENTIGEROUS) Pathophysiology: 10 to 12% of all odontogenic cyst, aggressive behave more like benign neoplasms, thought to arise from cell rests of dental lamina Clinical: normally asymptomatic with increasing size, pain, swelling and exudate may occur XR: well-defined, smooth, corticated borders, thinning and mild expansion with some perforation of cortical plates, displacement of teeth. Only occasional root resorption (less than dentigerous and radicular cysts) Mild b - L expansion but extensive ant-post extension Age: 2nd to 4th decade Site: Most in md post to C Gender: more in M Tx: enucleation with currettage, a high recurrance rate. When multiple OKC are found they may be a part of the basal cell nevus syndrome (aka nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Answer 128

**Odontogenic keratocyst aka OKC** THE THIRD MOST COMMON CYST (#1: PA CYST, #2: DENTIGEROUS) Pathophysiology: 10 to 12% of all odontogenic cyst, aggressive behave more like benign neoplasms, thought to arise from cell rests of dental lamina Clinical: normally asymptomatic with increasing size, pain, swelling and exudate may occur XR: well-defined, smooth, corticated borders, thinning and mild expansion with some perforation of cortical plates, displacement of teeth. Only occasional root resorption (less than dentigerous and radicular cysts) Mild b - L expansion but extensive ant-post extension Age: 2nd to 4th decade Site: Most in md post to C Gender: more in M Tx: enucleation with currettage, a high recurrance rate. When multiple OKC are found they may be a part of the basal cell nevus syndrome (aka nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Answer 129

**Odontogenic keratocyst aka OKC** THE THIRD MOST COMMON CYST (#1: PA CYST, #2: DENTIGEROUS) Pathophysiology: 10 to 12% of all odontogenic cyst, aggressive behave more like benign neoplasms, thought to arise from cell rests of dental lamina Clinical: normally asymptomatic with increasing size, pain, swelling and exudate may occur XR: well-defined, smooth, corticated borders, thinning and mild expansion with some perforation of cortical plates, displacement of teeth. Only occasional root resorption (less than dentigerous and radicular cysts) Mild b - L expansion but extensive ant-post extension Age: 2nd to 4th decade Site: Most in md post to C Gender: more in M Tx: enucleation with currettage, a high recurrance rate. When multiple OKC are found they may be a part of the basal cell nevus syndrome (aka nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Answer 130

**Odontogenic keratocyst aka OKC** THE THIRD MOST COMMON CYST (#1: PA CYST, #2: DENTIGEROUS) Pathophysiology: 10 to 12% of all odontogenic cyst, aggressive behave more like benign neoplasms, thought to arise from cell rests of dental lamina Clinical: normally asymptomatic with increasing size, pain, swelling and exudate may occur XR: well-defined, smooth, corticated borders, thinning and mild expansion with some perforation of cortical plates, displacement of teeth. Only occasional root resorption (less than dentigerous and radicular cysts) Mild b - L expansion but extensive ant-post extension Age: 2nd to 4th decade Site: Most in md post to C Gender: more in M Tx: enucleation with currettage, a high recurrance rate. When multiple OKC are found they may be a part of the basal cell nevus syndrome (aka nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)

Answer 131

**Odontogenic keratocyst aka OKC bilateral bc nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome** THE THIRD MOST COMMON CYST (#1: PA CYST, #2: DENTIGEROUS) Pathophysiology: 10 to 12% of all odontogenic cyst, aggressive behave more like benign neoplasms, thought to arise from cell rests of dental lamina Clinical: normally asymptomatic with increasing size, pain, swelling and exudate may occur XR: well-defined, smooth, corticated borders, thinning and mild expansion with some perforation of cortical plates, displacement of teeth. Only occasional root resorption (less than dentigerous and radicular cysts) Mild b - L expansion but extensive ant-post extension Age: 2nd to 4th decade Site: Most in md post to C Gender: more in M Tx: enucleation with currettage, a high recurrance rate. **When multiple OKC are found they may be a part of the basal cell nevus syndrome (aka nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)**

Answer 132

**Central giant cell granuloma** Clinical: asymptomatic swelling. Can be aggressive. XR: well-defined borders, can be multilocular. Thinning and expansion of cortical plates. Displacement of teeth and occasional root resportion. Age: usually \< 30 years (60%) Site: md 70% and frequently between the molars Gender: F\>M (2:1) Tx: enucleation with aggressive curretage. Pts with CGCG should be evaluated for systemic ds with blood tests. (increased serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, decreased serum phosphorus)

Answer 133

**Central giant cell granuloma** Clinical: asymptomatic swelling. Can be aggressive. XR: well-defined borders, can be multilocular. Thinning and expansion of cortical plates. Displacement of teeth and occasional root resportion. Age: usually \< 30 years (60%) Site: md 70% and frequently between the molars Gender: F\>M (2:1) Tx: enucleation with aggressive curretage. Pts with CGCG should be evaluated for systemic ds with blood tests. (increased serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, decreased serum phosphorus)

Answer 134

**Central giant cell granuloma cant really tell. but just a lot more swelling.** Clinical: asymptomatic swelling. Can be aggressive. XR: well-defined borders, can be multilocular. Thinning and expansion of cortical plates. Displacement of teeth and occasional root resportion. Age: usually \< 30 years (60%) Site: md 70% and frequently between the molars Gender: F\>M (2:1) Tx: enucleation with aggressive curretage. Pts with CGCG should be evaluated for systemic ds with blood tests. (increased serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, decreased serum phosphorus)

Answer 135

**Central giant cell granuloma** Clinical: asymptomatic swelling. Can be aggressive. XR: well-defined borders, can be multilocular. Thinning and expansion of cortical plates. Displacement of teeth and occasional root resportion. Age: usually \< 30 years (60%) Site: md 70% and frequently between the molars Gender: F\>M (2:1) Tx: enucleation with aggressive curretage. Pts with CGCG should be evaluated for systemic ds with blood tests. (increased serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, decreased serum phosphorus)

Answer 136

**Central giant cell granuloma** Clinical: asymptomatic swelling. Can be aggressive. XR: well-defined borders, can be multilocular. Thinning and expansion of cortical plates. Displacement of teeth and occasional root resportion. Age: usually \< 30 years (60%) Site: md 70% and frequently between the molars Gender: F\>M (2:1) Tx: enucleation with aggressive curretage. Pts with CGCG should be evaluated for systemic ds with blood tests. (increased serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, decreased serum phosphorus)

Answer 137

**Central giant cell granuloma** Clinical: asymptomatic swelling. Can be aggressive. XR: well-defined borders, can be multilocular. Thinning and expansion of cortical plates. Displacement of teeth and occasional root resportion. Age: usually \< 30 years (60%) Site: md 70% and frequently between the molars Gender: F\>M (2:1) Tx: enucleation with aggressive curretage. Pts with CGCG should be evaluated for systemic ds with blood tests. (increased serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, decreased serum phosphorus)

Answer 138

**Central giant cell granuloma** Clinical: asymptomatic swelling. Can be aggressive. XR: well-defined borders, can be multilocular. Thinning and expansion of cortical plates. Displacement of teeth and occasional root resportion. Age: usually \< 30 years (60%) Site: md 70% and frequently between the molars Gender: F\>M (2:1) Tx: enucleation with aggressive curretage. Pts with CGCG should be evaluated for systemic ds with blood tests. (increased serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase, decreased serum phosphorus)

Answer 139

## Footnote **Odontogenic myxoma** Clinical: less common. Primarily a lesion of alveolar bone. Basically a fibrous lesion. XR: scalloped and multilocular Age: young adults (25 to 30) Site: greater prevalence in md Tx: excision. Recurrence is up to 25% bc lesions are not encapsulated.

Answer 140

**Odontogenic myxoma** Clinical: less common. Primarily a lesion of alveolar bone. Basically a fibrous lesion. XR: scalloped and multilocular Age: young adults (25 to 30) Site: greater prevalence in md Tx: excision. Recurrence is up to 25% bc lesions are not encapsulated.

Answer 141

**Central hemangioma** Clinical: jaws are the next most common site after skull and vertebrae. Firm, slow-growing. Overlying mucosa is erythematous and warm. Spontaneous gingival bleeding. May need needle aspiration. Age: teens and young adults Site: post mand Sex: F:M 2:1 Tx: radiation, enucleation, sclerosing agents. Etiology is traumatic/dev or benign neoplasm

Answer 142

**Central hemangioma** Clinical: jaws are the next most common site after skull and vertebrae. Firm, slow-growing. Overlying mucosa is erythematous and warm. Spontaneous gingival bleeding. May need needle aspiration. Age: teens and young adults Site: post mand Sex: F:M 2:1 Tx: radiation, enucleation, sclerosing agents. Etiology is traumatic/dev or benign neoplasm

Answer 143

**Central hemangioma** Clinical: jaws are the next most common site after skull and vertebrae. Firm, slow-growing. Overlying mucosa is erythematous and warm. Spontaneous gingival bleeding. May need needle aspiration. Age: teens and young adults Site: post mand Sex: F:M 2:1 Tx: radiation, enucleation, sclerosing agents. Etiology is traumatic/dev or benign neoplasm

Answer 144

**Central hemangioma** Clinical: jaws are the next most common site after skull and vertebrae. Firm, slow-growing. Overlying mucosa is erythematous and warm. Spontaneous gingival bleeding. May need needle aspiration. Age: teens and young adults Site: post mand Sex: F:M 2:1 Tx: radiation, enucleation, sclerosing agents. Etiology is traumatic/dev or benign neoplasm

Answer 145

**Cherubism** Clinical: looking face by 5 years of age due to bilateral bony expansions. Asymptomatic. Bone lesion are more active in younger pts. After 12 it diminishes. XR: bilateral, multilocular cyst-like, expansive lesion, usually affecting the md and sometimes mx. Age: by age 5 Site: bilateral mandible, may affect maxillar Sex: M:F 2:1 Tx: cosmetic osseous contouring at age 12 or older.

Answer 146

Cherubism Clinical: looking face by 5 years of age due to bilateral bony expansions. Asymptomatic. Bone lesion are more active in younger pts. After 12 it diminishes. XR: bilateral, multilocular cyst-like, expansive lesion, usually affecting the md and sometimes mx. Age: by age 5 Site: bilateral mandible, may affect maxillar Sex: M:F 2:1 Tx: cosmetic osseous contouring at age 12 or older.

Answer 147

L: has non vital tooth here the tooth went non vital when the patient was younger. but once it went non vital, the secondary dentin stopped as well which proceeded to the cause of the PA radiolucency that we see

Answer 148

Looks like an obliturated tooth because cannot see the root canal. But, can see it very thinly and narrow. common see this in pts who have edge to edge occlusion on anteriors.

Answer 149

secondary dentin formation @ D pulp horn of 1M

Answer 150

**pulp stones** Are calcifications within the pulp Pulp chamber, RC space, or both. The etiology is unknown, can vary in size and numbers. Tx: none, just an incidental finding. For endo, this makes the case harder. The borders can be well or ill defined

Answer 151

there are pulp stones in some of the teeth ## Footnote Are calcifications within the pulp Pulp chamber, RC space, or both. The etiology is unknown, can vary in size and numbers. Tx: none, just an incidental finding. For endo, this makes the case harder. The borders can be well or ill defined

Answer 152

IRR ## Footnote Internal --\> pulpal path related If you get inflammation of pulp you get resorption of dentin at the root Spreads from inside outwards Margins of defect are well defined Shape: ovoid to round lesion Tx: RCT to try to stop resorbing processes if its restorable (and not perforated)

Answer 153

**irr** ## Footnote Internal --\> pulpal path related If you get inflammation of pulp you get resorption of dentin at the root Spreads from inside outwards Margins of defect are well defined Shape: ovoid to round lesion Tx: RCT to try to stop resorbing processes if its restorable (and not perforated)

Answer 154

**ERR** ## Footnote External --\> caused by external pressure from outside toothSometimes needs tx Eliminate stimulus that causes it Ex of external sources: ortho tx Tumor Edges of the margins are smooth Teeth are still vital

Answer 155

**err on the crown** External --\> caused by external pressure from outside toothSometimes needs tx Eliminate stimulus that causes it Ex of external sources: ortho tx Tumor Edges of the margins are smooth Teeth are still vital

Answer 156

**err on the crown.** External --\> caused by external pressure from outside toothSometimes needs tx Eliminate stimulus that causes it Ex of external sources: ortho tx Tumor Edges of the margins are smooth Teeth are still vital

Answer 157

**ERR** External --\> caused by external pressure from outside toothSometimes needs tx Eliminate stimulus that causes it Ex of external sources: ortho tx Tumor Edges of the margins are smooth Teeth are still vital

Answer 158

nasopalatine foramen can mimic PA pathology Can be assymetrical, see at one CI or both. See radiolucency near root apex Follow lamina dura all the way around the tooth, make sure that it is in tact. MX

Answer 159

lateral fossa can mimic a PA lesion A large radiolucent area following the root The bone is thinner here so that is why it looks radiolucent to begin with Follow the lamina dura around the root and apex. MX

Answer 160

mental foramen can mimic PA lesion Can be superimposed onto the root apex of the PM Dn see lamina dura very well,, so could give more suspicion.

Answer 161

**open apices in young pt** can mimic pa leison These can stimulate a periapical lesion This is because the tooth has erupted but NOT fully developed so the apices are not closed yet FOLLOW the lamina dura

Answer 162

**Apical abscess** Radiographic findings at apex 1. PDL space thickening 2. Discontinuity of lamina dura 3. Periapical radiolucency into the surrounding bone.

Answer 163

**Apical abscess** Radiographic findings at apex 1. PDL space thickening 2. Discontinuity of lamina dura 3. Periapical radiolucency into the surrounding bone.

Answer 164

**Apical abscess** Radiographic findings at apex 1. PDL space thickening 2. Discontinuity of lamina dura 3. Periapical radiolucency into the surrounding bone.

Answer 165

**chronic apical abscess** tooth is non-vital Ill defined Size is variable Loss of lamina dura

Answer 166

**chronic apical abscess** tooth is non-vital Ill defined Size is variable Loss of lamina dura

Answer 167

**periapical granuloma** Have granulation tissue Granulation may develop from an abscess.

Answer 168

**periapical cyst** PA usually from granulomas DOES have sclerotic border around radiolucency Tx --\> RCT Have well defined margins.

Answer 169

**periapical cyst** ## Footnote Here ^ large lesion are often cysts PA usually from granulomas DOES have sclerotic border around radiolucency Tx --\> RCT Have well defined margins. Larger radiolucency Has sclerotic bone around it

Answer 170

**fibrous healing defect** If infection is large enough that it resorbs B+L + periosteum Margins are well defined Overtime cannot change must or at all. Pathophysiology: develops after inflammation that affects the integrity of the periosteum. After ds is eradicated, the bone deals wo mineralized boney matrix. So only fibrous CT fills the site Clinical: asymptomatic, noted in areas with a hx of ds or trauma XR: well circumscribed radiolucent lesion at site of prev surgery We see "punched out" or see through appearance May resemble residual cyst in edentulous areas but LACK cortication. Tx: no tx. Med hx is critical in dx.

Answer 171

**Periapical cemento-osseuous dysplasia** **Early stage** must be differentiated from other radiolucent periapical lesions Want to be aware and know of One of the most "common" to misinterpret Radiolucent Filled in with calcification If predominantly radiopaque harder to see. Do not automatically assume the tooth is NON-VITAL. These teeth are vital and do not require non vital tx

Answer 172

**metastatic carcinoma** ## Footnote Seen in areas of apex of the tooth, may have some pain Notice the strands of trabeculation at the lesion this is distinguish from others