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Com 107 > Midterm part 2 > Flashcards

Midterm part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Eras of Television

A

Birth of broadcast tv
Network era
Post Network era
Digital era

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2
Q

By early 60s more than ___ of people had a tv

A

90%

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3
Q

In the late 40s only __ of US households had a tv

A

1%

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4
Q

What is the earliest Visual Radio known as

A

Nipkow Disk (1980s)

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5
Q

Who were Vladimir Zworkyin and Philo Farnsworth?

A

Inventors of the fully electronic tv system for broadcasting

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6
Q

Farnsworth became very disappointed in television until he saw what?

A

Until he saw Neil Armstrong walk on the moon

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7
Q

What is NTSC or the National Television Standard Committee?

A

Decided Standards for Tv Broadcasts. In 1941, the FCC decided that US Tv would be black and white and 525 line resolution.

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8
Q

FM Radio and Tv did what that posed a problem for the rapid expansion of tv?

A

They both used the same part of the electromagnetic spectrum

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9
Q

Cities with Tv Stations saw what?

A

20 to 40% drop in movies
Fewer taxi receipts
Less crowded nightclubs

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10
Q

Key features of a local broadcast

A

Free of charge

Money comes from ads/donors

Licensed with fees depending on the size of the media market

Geographically divided into Designated Market Areas (DMAS)

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11
Q

What is the Three Camera Live Format?

A

Swaps between three cameras to get new views

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12
Q

Was early tv recorded?

A

No, because the technology did not really exist

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13
Q

What is a First Run?

A

First time broadcast
Ex. Friends ran on NBC from September 22, 1994 to May 6, 2004.

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14
Q

Syndication

A

Brokers rights to air shows with individual local stations (or cable, networks, or streamers)

Local stations bid against each other for the right to carry syndicated shows

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15
Q

What is Cable Television (CATV)?

A

It allowed viewers to pay a small fee to receive broadcast stations they otherwise could not get

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16
Q

Most US media are what?

A

Businesses seeking to make a profit in order to stay in business and meet the demands of shareholders

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17
Q

How does US media make money?

A
  1. Selling content/access to content directly to you
  2. Selling ads
  3. Managing intellectual property rights
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18
Q

Synergy

A

Cross-Promoting a companies brand across all the media they own

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19
Q

What does comcast own?

A

Universal Studios/DreamWorks
NBC/Peacock
Fandango
Flyers
MSNBC, CNBC, USA Network, Bravo, E!
Focus Features
Sky Group (Europe)
Xfinity
Telemundo

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20
Q

What does Warner Bros own?

A

Merger of Warner Media and Discovery
HBO, Max
Warner Bros Studios
CNN, TNT, TBS, TCM
CW
Cinemax, Boomerang, Adult Swim, Cartoon Network
DC Comics
Discovery Channel
HGTV, Food network, and more

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21
Q

Fox owns

A

Fox Sports
Fox Broadcast
28 local broadcast stations
FoxNews and FoxBusiness
Big Ten Network

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22
Q

National Amusements (Paramount) Owns

A

Showcase Cinema (950) theaters

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23
Q

Paramount Global owns

A

CBS
Paramount +
Showtime
CW (50%)
Mtv, CMT, BET, VHI, CC, and other cable
Paramount Pictures (movie studio)

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24
Q

Monopoly

A

When one company dominates an industry

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25
What were designed/created to break up monopolies/trusts?
Sherman Anti Trust act of 1890 and Clayton Anti Trust act of 1914
26
Oligopoly
A few companies dominate an industry (legally ok)
27
Regulatory era 1934 -1996
Significant restrictions on number of radio/tv stations one company could own
28
De-regulatory era 1996 - present
Removed limits on radio stations ownership
29
1996 Telecommunications act included section 230 which does what?
It considers internet platforms as DISTRIBUTORS not PUBLISHERS of content. It shields internet firms from liability for the content generated by their users but requires platforms to remove illegal content
30
What two things gave Magazines a favorable postage rate and made it economically feasible to reach a national audience?
Completion of transcontinental railroad in 1869 and the Postal act of 1879
31
What was the advertising subsidy?
It allowed for Lower cost of subscription to the consumer, with the subscription paying for production Increased circulation allows publisher to charge more for advertising Increased ad revenue subsidizes magazine for consumer - ad revenue is the profit
32
Why was the Ladies Home journal important?
It was the first magazine to reach one million copies in circulation (1903) and its success lead to the rise of mass "general interest magazines"
33
Mass general interest magazines dominated when?
1880s to 1940s
34
What were Muckracking Magazines?
They were a key part of the Progressive Era, publishing investigative journalism that exposed corruption in government and business, and social problems like poverty and unsafe working conditions.
35
What are imagined communities?
Interests of ours but not our neighbors
36
What happened to magazines when TV came along?
TV changed everything by offering a national audience with significant cost savings. As a result, TV stole national advertisers from magazines.
37
Paid circulation vs Total Circulation
Top magazines are in Total Circulation and Controlled circulation are magazines tied to organizations.
38
What was the benefit around specializing magazines around niche topics?
It was more profitable as specialized audiences will pay more, be more loyal (lower churn rate), and specialized advertisers will pay more to reach a specialized audience
39
What are the FAANG?
Facebook (Meta) Amazon Apple Netflix Google
40
What is the Third person effect?
People tend to believe that media have stronger negative effects on others than themselves however the research states the opposite
41
What media effects do people worry about?
Effects of fake news and propaganda Short video media use impacting attention spans Violent video games or media content making people violent Sexual content making people sexual Media content reinforcing stereotypes and prejudice Media images impacting body image and behavior
42
What do researchers do?
Study content (content analysis) Study exposure Examine if a cause and effect relationship exists
43
What must researchers do in order to show a cause and effect relationship?
Time order, correlation, and they must rule out third varibables
44
What do cultural studies do?
They try to understand the complex relationship among media texts, people who consume them, institutions that produce them, tech that creates/distributes them, and the culture within which all other factors exist
45
Are beauty ideals universal?
They are not universal but rather culturally bound (different among cultures)
46
What is cultivation effect?
It is the idea that people who consume a lot of media tend to believe that the real world is like the world of media.
47
What are people high in media consumption likely to believe?
They are more likely to believe in the stereotypes of others
48
What is cultivation
Exposure to consistent and repeated messages which build schema
49
Schema are more powerful when what happens?
When people in our lives reinforce them
50
Are most images heavily photoshopped?
Yes
51
What leads to motivation for change?
Cognition and affect (feelings)
52
Who are the Big 3?
NBC, CBS, ABC
53
What is On-Demand TV?
When programs are made available to viewers to watch whatever they want
54
What does Over The Top (OTT) refer to?
The term refers to streaming sites like Netflix and Hulu which allowed viewers to access TV Content through an internet connection without having to go through broadcasters, cable, or satellite providers
55
Single-Copy sale
When someone buys a magazine without a subscription, only paying for one copy.
56
What is the WWW (World Wide Web)?
Network of linked computers using common protocols for sharing materials
57
What is Disinformation?
False information which is deliberately spread and intended to cause harm
58
What is Misinformation?
False information spread by people who believe that it is true
59
What was the ARPAnet?
The first public packet-switched computer network
60
What is Analog?
A category that refers to various ways of encoding information that existed before binary code
61
What is HTML?
Also known as Hyper Text Mark Up Language, It allowed web pages to be viewed by web browsers and was released without copyright to help spur growth.
62
What is FOMO?
Fear Of Missing Out. Its the fear of not being able to fit in and make friends and can also be defined as the fear of feeling left out.

Com 107 (2 decks)

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