Midterm Part 1 Therapeutic Order, Kinematics, Osteokinematics, Classification of Joints

Question 1

Biomechanics and what part of the therapeutic order? What is it?

Answer 1

4 Correct Structural Integrity

Question 2

How do the two orders differ of #4 Correct Structural Integrity?

Answer 2

… manipulation, therapeutic exercise, massage or surgery for:

First Order: microtrauma, macrotrauma, repetitive stress, postural syndromes, congenital conditions

Second Order: structural problems that are a result of stress upon internal systems e.g. digestive disorders

Question 3

Divisions of ANS?

Answer 3

Symp: T1-L2
Para: CN, Sacral

Question 4

Kinesiology Definition

Answer 4

the study of motion or human movement

Question 5

Biomechanics

Answer 5

applies principles of physics to human motion

Question 6

Kinematics

Answer 6

the branch of biomechanics that describes the motion of the body, wo regard to forces or torque that may produce the motion

2 branches: osteokinematics, arthrokinematics

Question 7

Osteokinematics

Answer 7

gross motion of joints in the cardinal planes

Question 8

Arthrokinematics

Answer 8

fine bone on bone motions within joints

Question 9

somato-visceral influences…

Answer 9

via central, peripheral, autonomic nervous systems

ex. back hurts, so stomach hurts

Question 10

viscero-somatic influences…

Answer 10

via central, peripheral, autonomic nervous systems

ex. stomach hurts so back hurts

Question 11

viscero-visceral influences

Answer 11

local - influencing the structure which generated the impulses

systemic - influencing other structures in response to a given stimuli

one organ affects another organ

Question 12

pyscho-somato-visceral reflexes…

Answer 12

the mind influences the body and vice versa via complex interconnections and interactions

Question 13

Translation, a type of kinematic motion is?

it can glide in a straight line. name?

it can glide in a curved line. name?

Answer 13

Translation is a linear motion in which all parts of a body move in the same directions.
Rectilinear - straight line.
Curvilinear - may glide in a curved line.

Question 14

Rotation, a type of kinematic movement, is what?

Answer 14

motion in which body parts move in a circular path around a pivot point (axis of motion)

Question 15

Movement of the body in either translation or rotation can be described in what two ways? what do both mean?

Answer 15

active and passive.

active is movement caused by muscle action.
passive is movement caused by sources outside the body…. gravity.

Question 16

Planes of motion are?

Answer 16

sagittal, frontal, transverse (axial)

Question 17

What is the axis of motion?

Answer 17

imaginary line perpendicular to the plane of motion and passing through the center of rotation. “motion revolves around an axis”

Question 18

Axes are?

Answer 18

X - frontal (coronal)
Y - longitudinal (vertical)
Z - sagittal

Question 19

What motion happens in a sagittal plane on a frontal axis?

Answer 19

flexion and extension

Question 20

what motion happens in a frontal plane on a sagittal axis?

Answer 20

abduction and adduction

Question 21

what motion happens in a transverse plane on a longitudinal axis?

Answer 21

rotation

Question 22

Linear Motion Definition

give examples

Answer 22

aka gliding
motion of one flat bone gliding over another.

metacarpal, metatarsal, vertebral facet joints

Question 23

Angular Motion Definition

give examples

Answer 23

aka rotation
motion causing either an increase or decrease in the angle between two bones.

flexion (reduces angle), extension (increases angle), hyperextension, abduction (away from vertical axis), adduction, circumduction (wo rotation -combo of flexion, abd, ext, add in succession)

Question 24

Open Kinematic Chain Definition

Answer 24

distal segment not fixed. tibia moves on femur.

Question 25

closed kinematic chain definition

Answer 25

distal segment fixed. femur moves on tibia.

Question 26

structural classification of immovable joints fall under...

Answer 26

Fibrous - generall immovable Cartilaginous - some immovable

Question 27

structural classification of slightly movable joints falls under...

Answer 27

cartilaginous - some slightly movable

Question 28

structural classification of generally freely movable joints falls under...

Answer 28

synovial joints

Question 29

joint: bones joined by dense fibrous tissue w no joint cavity. 3 types?

Answer 29

fibrous joints - suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis

Question 30

a suture is what kind of joint? where?

Answer 30

fibrous joint. only between bones of skull.

Question 31

gomphosis is what kind of joint? where?

Answer 31

fibrous joint. "peg-in-socket" tooth in alveolar socket.

Question 32

syndesmosis is what kind of joint? where?

Answer 32

fibrous joint. | bones connected by ligament - cord or band - amount of movement depends on length of fibers

Question 33

Def of Cartilaginous Joint. 2 types?

Answer 33

bones connected by some form of cartilage w no joint cavity - synarthrodial or amphiarthrodial. 2 types: synchondrosis, symphysis

Question 34

Synchondrosis is what kind of joint? where?

Answer 34

cartilaginous joint. bones connected by hyaline cartilage. ex. costosternal joint.

Question 35

Symphysis is what kind of joint? where?

Answer 35

cartilaginous joint. articular surfaces of bones are covered w hyaline cartilage. ex. intervertebral joints, pubic symphysis

Question 36

Common names of synovial joints:

Answer 36

- gliding - hinge - pivot - condyloid - saddle - ball-and-socket

Question 37

Synovial Joint is?

Answer 37

bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity connected by ligaments of dense CT. freedom of movement. - articular cartilage, capsule, cavity, fluid, ligaments

Question 38

What are some additional features of synovial joints?

Answer 38

- fat pads - fibrocartilage disc - bursae - tendon sheath

Question 39

Factors affecting synovial joint stability are?

Answer 39

shape of articular surfaces. number and position of ligaments. muscle tone.

Question 40

Gliding joint is a what joint? examples?

Answer 40

synovial. nonaxial. ex. facet joints of vertebrae, inter-carpal, inter-tarsal joints

Question 41

guess what kind of joint a hinge (ginglymus) joint is? its motion? examples?

Answer 41

synovial. motion around an axis perpendicular to the long axis of a bone. > flex, ext. e. ulna and humerus. femur and tibia at knee. finger and toe joints.

Question 42

Pivot joint is a what type of joint? motion? examples?

Answer 42

synovial joint. motion around single axis parallel to the long axis of a bone. ex. atlantoaxial joint, proximal radioulnar joint

Question 43

Condyloid (ellipsoid) joint is what kind of joint? motion? examples?

Answer 43

synovial joint. motion around two axes (biaxial) > oval articular surface and oval complementary depression > permits all angular motions ex. radiocarpal joint (wrist) metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 44

Saddle (sellar) joint is what kind of joint? motion? examples?

Answer 44

synovial joint. motion around two axes (biaxial) > saddle articular surface > permits flex, ext, add, abd, slight rotation, circumduction ex. THUMB

Question 45

Ball-and-socket is what kind of joint? motion? examples?

Answer 45

synovial. triaxial. flex, ext, add, abd, rot, diag movements, circum ex. head of humerus into glenoid cavity femur into acetabulum