Midterm part 1 Flashcards
The study of the causes and correlates of crime in two or more cultures is:
comparative criminology
Crimes against the peace and security of mankind. Based on international agreements between countries, or legal precedents
International crimes
Offenses whose inception, acts, and impact involve more than one country. Usually involve provision of illicit goods or infiltration of business or government.
Transnational crime
Transnational and international crime
Main difference is that transnational crimes-always involves two countries.
The research, development and evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice?
National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
is the term used to describe how the world has become interdependent in terms of events and actions of people and governments around the world.
Globalization
Why were the six “model” nations selected for highlighting in the textbook?
They closely reflect the workings of particular historical families of law within various political frameworks.
The term “culture” in this course refers to
deep-seated patterns of behavior and thought that have developed over the course of a society’s history.
Involves perverting the judicial or criminal justice process to achieve particular political ends, usually to punish enemies of the regime in power or to deter others from joining those enemies
Politicized justice
Legal tradition of England?
Common law
Legal tradition of France and Germany?
Civil Law
Legal tradition of china?
Socialist law
Legal tradition of Saudi Arabia?
Sacred Law
Legal tradition of Japan?
Hybrid System
Primary reason collecting data?
To determine the amount of risk going into that area.
Three major perspectives of a criminal incident:
those of the offender, of the victim, and of the police.
are collected by each police agency in the United States and compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation annually.
The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR):
Collects information from member countries about crime rates?
United Nation Surveys of crime and trends and Operation of Criminal Justice Systems (CTS)
participants are asked questions about their experiences with crime in recent months
National Crime Victimization Survey
people are asked to report their own delinquent and criminal acts In an anonymous questionnaire or confidential interview
Self-report studies
the most extensive standardize survey of victims in the world
International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS):
Homicide rates?
Three regions with the highest homicide rates: Southern Africa, Central America, South Africa. Lowest: Western and Central Europe, East Asia, Southeastern Europe. Approximately 60 percent of all homicides are committed with firearms
Which model country crime rates?
Lowest crime rates- Japan, Saudi Arabia, Germany. Highest- France and United States. China does not have homicide rates published regularly over time. ICVS reports that the United States has the highest overall rates, for the 10 crimes surveyed.
ICVS, in comparison to the model countries?
Lowest crime rates are in japan, Saudi Arabia, and Germany. Highest crime rates is France and United States.
Legal traditions and families of law?**
Broader terms used to understand the legal system and the cultural and historical foundations of the system
The international human rights movement emerged after World War II to prevent which type of incidents from occurring again?
Holocaust
Law that regulates behavior between individuals is:
private law
judges bound by law rather than by desires of the ruler
Judicial independence
The Mesopotamian system
lasted until first century B.C.
are native laws of persons who originate from or live in a particular area.
Indigenous law
The Roman Catholic Church developed its own law, which is called?
canon law
Which Supreme Court case extended the exclusionary rule, formerly required in federal cases to states?
Mapp vs. Ohio
has its origins in socialism, which is a system characterized by the absence of classes and by common ownership of the means of production and livelihood.
Socialist Law
legal tradition in Islamic countries based on the rules of conduct revealed by God, with two primary sources: the Shari’a and the Sunnah.
Islamic Law
administration of justice is a governmental function and reflects the political culture of a nation
Political Culture
refers to the agencies, procedures, and rules that make up how a country makes laws, enforces laws, and dispenses justice.
legal system
body of legislation that deals with the exchange of goods between cities or nations
Commercial law
based on a sacred text or body of religious doctrine
Sacred law
the laws of Parliament that describe the machinery of government
Organic laws
main model of criminal procedure and has been around for 700 years
Inquisitorial
after a crime has been committed and a preliminary investigation has been undertaken a suspect can be brought in for questioning
Garde a vue
examining magistrate responsible for a complete and impartial investigation of the facts
Juge d’ instruction
complete record of the pretrial proceedings and informs the judges, defense attorneys, and others about the testimony of key witnesses and evidence to be presented
Dossier
