Midterm Part 1 Flashcards
Why did Europe and not somewhere else begin to dominate the world in 1500
China
Ottoman
India
Africa
Americas
China chose not to, sophisticated nation in world, wanted nothing from other nations
Ottomans lose edge, conservative religious leaders convince sultans to seal off empire from new innovations that might undermine peoples faith (printing press), slow decline in 1600
India (Delhi Sultanate) fell to Mughal Empire 1526, Mughal tolerant of religious diversity, Europeans established important foothold in India
Africans turned on each other when Europeans came with a need for slaves, disruptive to African societies
America’s Inca & Aztec were new and people they dominated hated them
What factors led Europeans to begin to explore?
Caravel, new type of ship that was better able to handle open ocean conditions
Trade, spices (spice islands) - search for new sailing path
Religion - fear of being crushed by Islamic Ottoman Empire - looking for allies
Who was Bartholomew Dias?
1488 sailed “found” southern tip of Africa - possible to sail all the way to spice islands
Who was Vasco da Gama
1498 arrived in Calicut, India. Secured trading route for Portugal through brute force. “ Christians and spices.”
Who was Henry the navigator?
Younger son of Portuguese king
captured territory for Portugal
exploration, voyages - systematically gathered information (wind patterns, and ocean currents, Harbor depths, mapping coastlines)
What does Reqconquista / Reconquest refers to?
Reconquest of Spain from Islamic peoples of north Africa, “moors” force Islamic people out
What was Columbus crazy idea?
Why did people think he would fail?
Sailing around Africa to get to spice islands was the long way. Better way was to sail west to get to the east.
He would run out of food and water - starve or die of thirst
What was the Columbian exchange?
What types of items were included in it?
Everything that came from Old World to New and everything from New World to Old
Old to new - people (colonist, indentured, servants, enslaved colonist), animals (horses, cattle, sheep, pig, etc.), plants. (apples, oranges, lemons, wheat, etc.), ideas. (religion, philosophy, government, scientific knowledge), technology (guns, wheels, architecture, types of plows, farm machinery), disease (smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, mumps).
New to old - plants and minerals (corn, potatoes, beans, squash, peanuts, chocolate - golden silver)
According to scholars, when did the first peoples arrive in the Americas
14,000 years ago
What are Mississippian cultures known for
Mound builders, mixed agriculture/hunter gatherers, Cahokia
What is Watson Brake?
Large earthen structure - one of the earliest complex societies in North America - 3500 BCE
What is poverty point
Mound - complex society (Louisiana) 1650 BCE - large structure with series of concentric semi circles - religious purpose
What is Cahokia?
Mound city, largest, and most impressive - southern Illinois just across the Mississippi River
What was ideal about its site (Cahokia)
Access to great lakes and south to the gulf coast
How were the mounds there built
Built in stages and modified overtime
People carrying dirt in baskets
