Midterm One Flashcards
What is History
The study of the past and the production of knowledge about the past
Relies on periodization
Can be published in a number of ways
Historical Periodization
The process or study of categorizing the past into discrete quantified named blocks of time in order to facilitate the study and analysis of history
Helps determine how historians approach topics in their fields, and makes continuity/change easier
Issues of being too eurocentric and teleological
Primary Sources
Sources produced at the time being studied
Proto-Contact
The period of time when First Nations culture began to change as a result of European influence
Vikings
The beginning of contact history
L’anse aux meadows (first settlement)
Had mixed relations with local peoples
The Middle Ground
A novel that dives into accommodations involving cultural change and exchange between groups in the Great Lakes Region
Intercultural Contact
European trade was worked into pre-existing trade networks
Pre-existing conflicts were woven into new alliances
The Columbian Exchange
The exchange of plants, animals, and microbes between Europe and North America
Americas got: plantation crops, horses, honeybee, livestock, disease
Europe got: Squash, beans, corn, potatoes, tomatoes, turkey, other crops
Virgin Soil Epidemics
Epidemics in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenceless
Potatoes
Contributed to European population boom and allowed for healthier armies
Long recovery from black death
Ecological Imperialism
The role of plants and microbes in facilitating European imperialism
Epidemic Disease
Many indigenous groups decimated by minor contact with Europeans
Epidemic disease advanced European imperialism in North America
Europeans were affected as well
Dandelions
An example of something that was transported to the Americas and took root
Ethnogenesis
The formation and development of an ethnic group
Feast of the Dead
An event held by the Huron whenever a large village shifted location
Bodies of those who had not died violent deaths were removed and buried somewhere else
Cartography
The study and practice of making maps
Virginia
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Royal Administration
Initially colonies under monopoly control
The overarching control over the colonies by the royalty in Europe later on
Responsible for filles du roi
Filles du Roi
Unmarried women sponsored by the king to immigrate to New France to increase populations with children
Seigneurial System
A form of land distribution in New France, with a ‘seigneur’ who required tenants and was responsible for the land
Resource Extraction
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Mercantilism
A protectionist policy designed to maximize the exports and minimize the imports of a nation - often accompanied by monopolies
Puritans
English protestants who sought to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and needed to become more protestant
Quakers
Traveled to the New World
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Pristine Myth
The myth that Indigenous Peoples had very little impact on their environment, a low population, and stuck to themselves.
Theodor Du Bry
Famed for his depictions of the New World and its inhabitants
Partly responsible for getting people to immigrate
Fox Wars
Wars between the French (and its allies) and the Fox for control over the river system to continue the fur trade
Horses
First introduced in Mexico by the Spanish and changed the way Indigenous Peoples hunted bison
Jacques Cartier
Commissioned to find a trade route to Asia off the Newfoundland coast, and to find precious things
New France
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Acadia
Settled the area around 1600. Difficult beginnings due to relations with English to the South
How did the Columbian Exchange change North America and Europe? Use examples from course readings and lectures in your answer.
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America Before Columbus Film
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New France
Champlain established post at Quebec in 1608
Made allies with some local groups and was drawn into battle against their enemy
Récollets
Tried to christianize Algonquins, but evicted from the colony soon after
Jesuits
Succeeded where the récollets failed
Not trying to change socioeconomic culture of Indigenous peoples
Accepted by Wendat for military aid and to forge a closer alliance
The issue of intermarriage
