Midterm oct 8 Flashcards
The Plum-Pudding Model of the Atom
Electrons float in a
diffuse cloud of
positive charge
what is this λ
wavelength
what is an isotope
Atoms that have the same atomic number (Z) but different mass number (A
what is v
frequency
λxv= what
velocity speed of the wave ms^-1
amplitude
height of the wave above or
below the midline.
Accelerating
electrons should
emit energy
An electron can pass only from one
allowed state to another by….
emission or
absorption of fixed discrete quantities of
energy
Orbitals acquire more nodes as the value of…
n and orbital energy
increases:
, we obtain an orbital by..
By specifying 3 quantum numbers in a wave
function
wave can exist only if n=
1,2,3,4…
wave can exist only if L=
0,1,2,3, n-1
wave can only exist if ml =
-L, +L, or -L+1, -L+2… 0, 1, 2, L-1
what is principle quantum #
N only a positive,
nonzero, integral value
n determines
the radial distribution and thus
the average distance of the electron from the nucleus, and thus is most important in defining the energy of an electron.
The orbital angular momentum
quantum number
L
The magnetic quantum number
ml
if L=3 then whats ml
-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
◼ The first 4 subshells are:
l = 0, s subshell
l = 1, p subshell
l = 2, d subshell
l = 3, f subshell
A pair of electrons have no magnetic field
(opposing spin).
Electrons in orbitals close to the
nucleus…
screen or shield the nucleus
from electrons farther away.
The ability of electrons in s orbitals to get
close to the nucleus is called…
penetration
Only two electrons can occupy the same
orbital and these electrons must
have the
opposite spin.
atomic size decreases
from left to right across a period even though we are adding more electrons
- higher Zeff pulls outer electrons
closer to the nucleus
Zeff for outer electrons
increases across a period:
moving down a group:
outer electrons in higher n orbitals
* higher n, further from nucleus
Overall, higher n with similar Zeff means:
* ATOMS GET BIGGER DOWN A GROUP
for atoms of the same element cations are ____________
smaller
-Na+ and Mg2+ are isoelectronic
(they have the same # of e-
)
for isoelectronic cations, the more positive the ionic charge
the smaller
the ionic radius
anions are __________than atoms of same element
bigger
