Midterm - New Week 3 Flashcards
What is the difference between muscle spasms and short tight/hypertonic muscles
Spasms are painful, hypertonic muscles are not
With sports injuries, the most common diagnosis among athletes with LBP is
Muscle strain
What is the ternderness grading scale
0 = not tender
1 = tenderness without grimace
2= tenderness with grimace or flinch
3= tenderness with withdrawal and jump sign
4- withdrawal and jump sign to non-noxious stimuli
what is spinal muscle compartment syndrome
Elevated intramuscular pressure following activity that does not normalize after 20 minute of rest
- patient presents with hypolordosis; more common in athletes
- exercise induced LBP - relieved by rest
- normal sensorimotor exam
With lumbar ligaments are most commonly injured?
Supraspinous and interspinous
What are the four kinds of spondylolisthesis?
- Isthmic (stress fracture) (in young)
- Degenerative (in old)
Congenital
Pathological
What are the A list causes of radiculitis/ radiculopathies (aka sciatica)?
- lumbar disc herniation (L5, S1)
- spinal canal stenosis
What is the B list for radiculitis/ radiculopathies?
- tumors, cysts other SOL
- structural instability
- spnondylolisthesis
- NR adhesions
- fracture
- spinal infection
- osteophyte compression
What is the c list for radiculopathies/radiculitis?
- disc degeneration
- facet syndrome
- joint dysfunction
- “lumbalgia”
What age group is tumors causing leg symptoms more likely
> 50 or <10
Benign tumors at any age
Which cancers are more likely to metastasize to the spine and cause LBP?
Breast, lung, prostate
With metastatic tumors, ______ will be first complaint.
May be worse with. May be aggravated by
Back pain
Recumbency
Valsalva
What are two kinds of cysts
Meningeal sacral cysts
Facet (synovial) cysts
Are infections or tumors more common in the spine
Tumors
What is the clinical triad of spinal infection and how many get it?
Fever, back pain, neurological deficits
Only 20% of those that have an infection
What is the ancillary study for spinal infection
Contrast-enhanced MRI
_____ tests are positive with adhesion
Tension
radicular syndromes attributed to facet syndrome, disc
derangement or joint dysfunction should be diagnosed ______
By exclusion
What are extra-spinal causes of sciatica?
- Pelvic/gynecologic conditions (including endometriosis)
- Piriformis syndrome
- Herpes zoster
- HIV/AIDS
- Lyme disease
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Pregnancy/delivery (prolonged time in lithotomy position)
- Trauma to nerve or surrounding structures (hip/pelvis/biceps femoris)
More that ____% of adults have a building disc but it is clinically unimportant unless it contributes to spinal canal stenosis
50
What is a contained disc herniation
NP still contained behind the PLL or the last layer of the annular ring
