Midterm Module 1

Question 1

What is subjective? What does it mean in health?

Answer 1

Subjective is just a feeling (subjective loss of health is when the person experiencing it can only say of the are ill, usually the etiology cannot be identified)

Question 2

What is objective? What does it mean in health?

Answer 2

Objective is something that can be measured (objective state of ill health can be measured by medical science)

Question 3

What is disease?

Answer 3

Disease is objective state of ill health and can be diagnosed by a pathological process that can be measured by medical science and the etiology (cause of disease) can be usually identified

Question 4

What is Illness?

Answer 4

Illness is subjective and an experience of loss of health and etiology can often not be identified

Question 5

What is pain?

Answer 5

Pain is subjective

Question 6

What is etiology?

Answer 6

Etiology is cause/origin of a disease of condition

Question 7

How can health be defined/viewed?

Answer 7

When health is defined with negative terms, health and illness are on a spectrum with maximum health on one end and death on the other, but when it is defined by more positive terms, health and illness are viewed as different but related topics. This allows a person with an illness or disease to be able to be viewed as healthy. (the most useful conceptualizations of health are positive)

Question 8

What is health?

Answer 8

Health is more of an objective process determined by stability, balance, and integrity.

Question 9

What is wellness?

Answer 9

Wellness is subjective experience.

Question 10

What are the 3 approaches to health?

Answer 10

Medical, Behavioural, Socioenvironmental

Question 11

What is the medical apporach to health?

Answer 11

focuses on going to the doctor, puts the responsibility solely on the medical system and the idea the medical intervention fixes health. This approach dominated the Western ideal of health in the 20th century

Question 12

What is the behavioural approach to health?

Answer 12

1970s: depends on the person choices to become and stay health. The shift of emphasis on behavioural health started because of the Lalonde Report that addressed the inadequacy of a strictly biomedical healthcare system. It concluded that patients knowing self-imposed risks and having a greater knowledge of healthcare would help improve the health of Canadians

Question 13

What is the socioenvironmental approach to health?

Answer 13

looks at the community and the life of the individual that impacts their health (being set up for success). In the mid 1980s studies were showing that mostly higher income, well employed, and well-educated Canadians were the ones who were implementing change.

Question 14

What are health problems?

Answer 14

Health problems are defined primarily as physiological risk factors which are characteristics that are precursors or risk factors to disease

Question 15

Why was the Ottawa Charter created?

Answer 15

In 1986 the First International Conference on Health Promotion was held in Ottawa and the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was created and it identified the prerequisites for health as peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice, and equity.

Question 16

What is health equity?

Answer 16

When there is access to healthcare for everyone and they get what they need

Question 17

What is health inequity?

Answer 17

Is when others have disadvantages because of factors such as social, economic, environmental disadvantages, genetics, and choices

Question 18

What are health disparities?

Answer 18

Health Disparities are health differences that are closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantages that adversely affect groups that have systematically experienced greater obstacles to health

Question 19

What are risk factors?

Answer 19

A risk factor is a condition that increases a person’s susceptibility to develop a disease
o Psychological risk factors are complex psychological experiences that come from social circumstances such as isolation, lack of social support, limited social networks, low self-esteem, self-blame, and low perceived power
o Socioenvironmental risk conditions are social and environmental living conditions that include poverty, low educational or occupational statis, dangerous, or stressful work, dangerous physical environments, pollution, discrimination, relative political or economic powerlessness and inequalities

Question 20

What are social determinants of health?

Answer 20

can be defined as “the economic and social conditions that shape the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions as a whole . . . [and] determine the extent to which a person possesses the physical, social, and personal resources to identify and achieve personal aspirations, satisfy needs, and cope with the environment.

Question 21

What is your lens of healthcare?

Answer 21

Age and gender, culture, experience, upbringing, socioeconomic background, affect the lens and way people nurse and the kind of healthcare professional they are

Question 22

Impact of Health and Wellness

Answer 22

o Individual: behavioural and emotional changes; loss of autonomy; self-concept and body imagine changes; lifestyle changes; financial adjustments; denial, anger, guilt, hopelessness
o Family: the member and their roles how does it impact them; which member of the family that is ill, strength, seriousness, and length of illness; financial demands; cultural and social norms/customs the family follows

Question 23

Who are you caring for in nursing?

Answer 23

Different groups that you are caring for such as individual, aggregate is like a sample of a population (ex. Youth with diabetes), family, community, population, society