Midterm Mindtap Flashcards
Asylums appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century as institutions for people with psychological disorders. The focus of early asylums was:
Teaching patients useful new life skills and preparing them for productive careers
Removing individuals with psychological disorders from the general population
Providing patients with opportunities for positive social interactions
Conducting research on effective treatments for psychological disorders
Removing individuals with psychological disorders from the general population
Asylums appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century as institutions for people with psychological disorders. How did individuals such as Philippe Pinel, William Tuke, Benjamin Rush, and Dorothea Dix work to change asylums?
They emphasized the use of medication to treat patients in asylums.
They recommended the closure of all asylums due to the poor living conditions.
They were advocates for more humane treatment of patients in asylums.
They pioneered research on new methods of restraint for use in asylums.
They were advocates for more humane treatment of patients in asylums.
Asylums appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century as institutions for people with psychological disorders. Early efforts to reform asylums led to which of the following outcomes?
Patients rioted and destroyed property.
Patients improved a great deal.
The mental health of patients deteriorated.
Asylum staff went on strike in protest.
Patients improved a great deal.
Dr. Juarez has formulated a hypothesis on how the gene–environment correlation model may account for the development of substance abuse. Select the hypothesis most likely developed by Dr. Juarez that follows the gene–environment correlation model.
The genetic tendency to develop substance abuse causes men to act more aggressively around others and women to act more submissively around others.
People with the genetic tendency to develop substance abuse start drinking at a later age than people with a substance abuse problem that did not inherit this tendency.
People with the genetic tendency to develop substance abuse pursue high-risk situations that require self-medication, activating the onset of the disorder.
People with the genetic tendency to develop substance abuse inherit an enzyme compound that makes it easier for them to break down alcohol in their system.
People with the genetic tendency to develop substance abuse pursue high-risk situations that require self-medication, activating the onset of the disorder.
Dr. Kitano has formulated a hypothesis on how the gene–environment correlation model may account for the development of depression. Select the hypothesis most likely developed by Dr. Kitano that follows the gene–environment correlation model.
People with a genetic tendency to develop depression happen to have a greater amount of interactions that prompt the development of the disorder.
People that seek out unstable relationships and develop depression activate genes that pinpoint their genetic vulnerability.
People with the genetic tendency to develop depression pursue unstable relationships, activating the onset of the disorder.
People with a genetic tendency to develop depression perceive a greater impact from certain situations, prompting the development of the disorder.
People with the genetic tendency to develop depression pursue unstable relationships, activating the onset of the disorder.
Dr. Bloom has formulated a hypothesis on how the gene–environment correlation model may account for the development of anxiety. Select the hypothesis most likely developed by Dr. Bloom that follows the gene–environment correlation model.
People that seek out high-risk situations develop anxiety earlier than people who do not seek out high-risk situations.
People with the genetic tendency to develop anxiety pursue high-risk situations, activating the onset of the disorder.
People with the genetic tendency to develop anxiety were raised by authoritative parents, prompting the development of the disorder.
People with the genetic tendency to develop anxiety are sought out by domineering people, prompting the development of the disorder.
People with the genetic tendency to develop anxiety pursue high-risk situations, activating the onset of the disorder.
A psychoanalyst would like to find out more about the unconscious processes of his newest client. What type of test would most likely be used by the psychoanalyst to assess this?
Neuropsychological test
Intelligence test
Projective test
Personality inventory
Projective test
How does an analogue model improve internal validity?
Analogue models recreate phenomena in the controlled conditions of the laboratory, holding constant the extraneous variables that could affect the outcomes of the study.
Analogue models ensure that participants don’t know which group they’re in, so that extraneous variables are less likely to have an impact.
Analogue models create different research groups and make sure that every person in the study has an equal chance of placement within any group.
Analogue models ensure that results apply to everyone with a particular disorder, improving internal validity.
Analogue models recreate phenomena in the controlled conditions of the laboratory, holding constant the extraneous variables that could affect the outcomes of the study.
Albert is highly fearful of owls. All of the following behaviours may be symptomatic of someone who is phobic, but which one is the best indicator that Albert’s fear of owls might be diagnosed as a specific phobia?
Albert refuses to leave his house after dark because there are trees in his yard and owls might nest there.
Albert does not like to visit the aviary at the local zoo because there might be owls there.
Albert gets a little grumpy whenever someone says something is a hoot because it reminds him of owls.
Albert would not let his daughter buy a poster that had a cartoon owl on it.
Albert refuses to leave his house after dark because there are trees in his yard and owls might nest there.
Alison insists on having a perfectly manicured lawn, and the very thought of having uneven grass greatly upsets her. She spends several hours each day carefully measuring and cutting the grass on her lawn to ensure it is of uniform length. What is Alison struggling with?
Only a compulsion
Only an obsession
Neither an obsession nor a compulsion
Both an obsession and a compulsion
Both an obsession and a compulsion
Ana frequently thinks about strangling her teenage son while he is sleeping. These thoughts and impulses are very distressing to Ana, but she is unable to get rid of them. What is Ana struggling with?
Only a compulsion
Both an obsession and a compulsion
Neither an obsession nor a compulsion
Only an obsession
Only an obsession
Alex is convinced that if he leaves his home without unplugging all of his electrical devices, an electrical fire will occur and destroy his home. To deal with this upsetting idea, he spends nearly 90 minutes every day before he leaves for work unplugging all devices and double-checking that they are all unplugged. What is Alex struggling with?
Only an obsession
Only a compulsion
Both an obsession and a compulsion
Neither an obsession nor a compulsion
Both an obsession and a compulsion
A person with a mild phobia of pigs can usually avoid pigs pretty easily and thus not experience the fear or panic a pig would elicit. What is likely to happen if a person with obsessions attempts to avoid their intrusive thoughts or impulses?
They are likely to successfully avoid the obsessions.
They are likely to develop completely new obsessions.
They are likely to develop compulsions.
They are likely to stop having the obsessions.
They are likely to develop compulsions.
As a child, Eric once told his mother that he thought their house would look pretty if it was on fire. His mother immediately scolded Eric, screaming that he should not think such things, and then sent him to his room without dinner. Eric had repeated and consistent experiences like this when he would express an idea and his mother would harshly scold him as if having such a thought might lead to the event happening. This type of experience may lead to a psychological vulnerability to develop OCD called:
Ritualistic behaviour
Obsessive thinking
Thought-action fusion
Religious fundamentalism
Thought-action fusion
After the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, researchers learned that those living within a mile or so of the World Trade Center were more likely to develop PTSD than residents of Manhattan who lived several miles away. Why do psychologists suppose this is so?
Only those living very close by knew about the attacks.
Those living farther away were probably not at all affected by the attacks.
Those living farther away were probably less directly and personally affected by the attacks than those living within a mile of the World Trade Center.
Those living close by lived in a more congested neighbourhood that caused them to be more anxious in general.
Those living farther away were probably less directly and personally affected by the attacks than those living within a mile of the World Trade Center.
Based on what we know about the etiology of PTSD, which of the following children is most likely to develop PTSD during their lifetime?
A child of low intelligence with a tendency to misbehave
A child of low intelligence who receives a good education
A child of high intelligence who receives a poor education
A child of high intelligence with a tendency to misbehave
A child of low intelligence with a tendency to misbehave
Which of the following is known to be useful for treating PTSD?
Helping the client avoid thoughts or images of the trauma
Providing one session of therapy immediately after the trauma whether the client seems to need it or not
Providing only a self-help booklet
Helping the client confront their thoughts and feelings about the trauma through imaginal exposure
Helping the client confront their thoughts and feelings about the trauma through imaginal exposure
If Bette’s positive moods elevated to the severe range (full manic episodes), what would her diagnosis likely be?
Cyclothymic disorder
Dysthymic disorder
Bipolar I disorder
Bipolar II disorder
Bipolar I disorder
If Hubert’s positive mood states were only in the mild range, what would his diagnosis likely be?
Cyclothymic disorder
Dysthymic disorder
Bipolar I disorder
Bipolar II disord
Bipolar II disord
Which statement characterizes the most likely consequence of the cycle illustrated?
Negative mood decreases reinforcement for compensatory behaviours, allowing the person to break the cycle of disordered eating.
The positive mood after overeating increases the chances for constructive social interaction.
Compensatory behaviours are also performed in an attempt to regulate mood.
The acceptance of food causes a person to continue to overeat, to the point of becoming obese.
Compensatory behaviours are also performed in an attempt to regulate mood.
As with all disorders, an integrative model provides the most comprehensive understanding of how a disorder develops. Select the statement that accurately describes this model in the context of eating disorders.
Analyzing only biological factors provides overwhelming evidence that genetics are the main contributor to developing an eating disorder.
Analyzing the interaction of social, biological, and psychological factors provides a comprehensive understanding of how eating disorders develop.
Analyzing both psychological and biological factors accounts for 25% of the causes of developing an eating disorder.
Analyzing each factor independently allows for an in-depth understanding of the causes of developing an eating disorder.
Analyzing the interaction of social, biological, and psychological factors provides a comprehensive understanding of how eating disorders develop.
Which statement characterizes the most likely consequence of the cycle illustrated?
Relief from purging only serves to reinforce the purging behaviour.
The consequences of constructive therapy allow a person to break the cycle of disordered eating.
It takes about a month for binge eating to completely reduce anxiety.
Binge eating serves to initially increase anxiety but decreases it in the long run.
Relief from purging only serves to reinforce the purging behaviour.
As with all disorders, an integrative model provides the most comprehensive understanding of how a disorder develops. Select the statement that accurately describes this model in the context of eating disorders.
Focusing on psychological factors alone sufficiently addresses the causes of eating disorders.
Focusing on social factors alone sufficiently addresses the causes of eating disorders.
Focusing on one dimension of factors alone does not sufficiently address the causes of eating disorders.
Focusing on biological factors alone sufficiently addresses the causes of eating disorders.
Focusing on one dimension of factors alone does not sufficiently address the causes of eating disorders.
