Midterm medications Flashcards
Dextromethorphan
Antitussive: cough suppressant
Dosing: syrup, lozenges, capsules, extended-release
SE: dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain
Administration: take with or without food, avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
Oxygen
Hypoxia: used to treat low blood oxygen levels
Dosing: nasal cannula (1-6L), simple face mask (6-10L), non-rebreather mask (10-15L), ventilator (40-100% FiO2)
SE: dry nose, throat irritation, headache, fatigue
Administration: nasal cannula, simple face mask, non-rebreather mask, ventilator
Hydrochlorothiazide
Diuretic: treats hypertension and edema
Dosing: pill form
SE: increased urination, dizziness, low BP, dehydration
Administration: take in the morning with or without food, drink water for hydration, regularly monitor BP and electrolytes
Albuterol
Bronchodilator: treats asthma, COPD, and bronchospasms
Dosing: inhaler, nebulizer, tablets, syrup
SE: tremors, nervousness, increased HR, headache, throat irritation
Administration: shake inhaler well before each use, inhale, hold breath for 10 sec, exhale slowly; inhale nebulizer mist over 5-10 mins
Warfarin
Anticoagulant: prevent blood clots, reduce risk of stroke
Dosing: tablet
SE: easy bruising, minor bleeding (nose, gums), nausea
Admin: take once daily at the same time, avoid large amounts of vitamin k (leafy vegetables), avoid alcohol and NSAIDS, inform doctor before having any procedures
Lisinopril
ACE inhibitor: treats HTN, heart failure, MI, kidney dysfunction
Dosing: tablet
SE: dizziness, cough, fatigue, headache
Administration: take once daily, drink plenty of water, avoid excess potassium, regularly monitor BP and kidney function, avoid NSAIDS
Opthalmic Ointment
Treat eye conditions: infection, inflammation, dry eyes, injury healing
Dosing: antibiotic, steroid, lubricant ointments
SE: temporary blurred vision, mild stinging, redness
Administration: wash hands before, apply small ribbon to lower lid, close eye for 1-2 mins, avoid touching tip of tube to eye
Digoxin
Cardiac glycoside: treats heart failure & AFIB
Dosing: tablet, injection
SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache
Administration: take once daily at the same time, avoid excess potassium, monitor pulse before taking (No if < 60 bpm)
Verapmil
Calcium channel blocker: treats HTN, heart rate, and angina
Dosing: capsule, tablet, injection
SE: constipation, dizziness, nausea, headache
Administration: avoid grapefruit juice, regularly monitor BP & HR
Aspirin
NSAID: reduce pain, prevent blood clots, treat inflammatory conditions
Dosing: tablet, suppository
SE: dyspepsia, nausea, heartburn, mild bleeding (nose, gums)
Administration: take with food or milk, avoid alcohol, stop use before surgery (5-7 days)
Prednisone
Corticosteroid: reduce inflammation, suppress immune system, treat allergic reactions/ asthma
Dosing: tablet. solution
SE: increased appetite, weight gain, edema, abdominal discomfort, high blood sugar
Administration: take with food in the morning, monitor BP, blood sugar, and bone density
Epoitin Alfa
Synthetic erythropoietin: treat and manage anemia
Dosing: IV or subcutaneous injection
SE: high BP, headache, joint pain, nausea
Administration: rotate injection sites, monitor Hgb lvls, ensure adequate iron levels
Rifampin
Antibiotic: treat bacterial infections (TB, meningitis)
Dosing: capsule, injection
SE: red/orange urine, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache
Administration: take one empty stomach, don’t take with anti-acids, avoid alcohol, reduce effectiveness of other meds (BC)
Heparin
Anticoagulant: prevent and treat blood clots
Dosing: IV bolus, IV continuous infusion, subq injection
SE: bleeding, injection site reaction
Administration: frequent monitoring, avoid NSAIDS
Expectorants
Help loosen and thin mucus in the airways
Dosing: capsule
SE: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, stomach upset
Administration: take with full glass of water, avoid combining with other cough suppressants
Propranalol
Beta-blocker: hypertension, cardiac rhythm, angina, tremors
Dosing: capsule, tablet, injection, solution
SE: fatigue, dizziness, constipation, bradycardia, hypotension
Administration: monitor HR and BP, avoid alcohol
Captopril
ACE Inhibitor: treats HTN, heart failure, and kidney function for diabetics
Dosing: tablet
SE: dizziness, lightheadedness, dry cough, loss of taste
Administration: take on empty stomach, stay hydrated, regularly monitor BP, potassium lvls, and kidney function, avoid NSAIDS, don’t take if pregnant
Timolol
Beta-blocker: treat HTN, post MI, prevent migraines, glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Dosing: eye drops, tablets
SE: bradycardia, fatigue, dizziness, headache, dyspnea, pruritis
Administration: regularly monitor HR and BP
Theophylline
Bronchodilator: treat asthma, bronchitis, emphysema
Dosing: extended release tablets/ capsules
SE: nausea, vomiting, headache, insomnia, increased HR
Administration: avoid caffeine, regularly monitor blood levels for toxicity
Beclomethasone
Corticosteroid: treat asthma, allergies, and skin conditions
Dosing: inhaler, nasal spray, topical
SE: nasal irritation, headache, nausea, lightheadedness
Administration: shake inhaler well before use, rinse mouth after to prevent thrush, prime nasal spray before each use
Pancuronium
Muscle relaxant: induce muscle paralysis for surgery
Dosing: IV only
SE: tachycardia, increased BP, mild skin rash
Administration: IV use only, requires ventilatory support, continuous monitoring
Cefpodoxime
Antibiotic: treat bacterial infections
Dosing: tablet, suspension
SE: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache
Administration: take with food, avoid anti-acids and iron supplements
Duloxetine
SNRI: treat depression, anxiety, and nerve pain
Dosing: tablet
SE: nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, constipation
Administration: avoid alcohol
Atorvastatin
Statin: lower cholesterol, hyperlipidemia, reduce risk of MI and stroke
Dosing: tablet
SE: muscle pain, weakness, nausea, diarrhea, headache
Administration: best taken in the evening, avoid grapefruit juice, routine liver function tests
Nifedipine
Ca channel blocker: treat HTN, angina, Raynauds blood flow
Dosing: immediate-release and extended-release tablets
SE: flushing, dizziness, edema, headache, hypotension
Administration: take on empty stomach, avoid grapefruit juice
Furosemide
Diuretic: treat edema, HTN, and pulmonary edema
Dosing: tablet, solution, injection
SE: polyuria, dehydration, dizziness, hypotension, electrolyte imbalances
Administration: take in the morning, regularly monitor electrolyte and kidney function
Telmisartan
ARB: treat HTN, reduce stroke and MI risk, manage kidney disease in diabetics
Dosing: tablet
SE: URI, back pain, diarrhea
Administration: take at same time each day, stay hydrated, avoid K supplements
Clopidogrel
Antiplatelet: prevent blood clots, reduce risk of heart attack and stroke
Dosing: tablet
SE: bleeding, pruritus
Administration: avoid NSAIDS, monitor for signs of unusual bleeding
Nitroglycerin
Vasodilator: relieve angina, prevent MI, treat acute heart failure
Dosing: sublingual tablet, spray, extended-release capsule, patch, ointment
SE: headache, dizziness, flushing, hypotension
Administration: apply path to clean skin and rotate sites, IV infusion requires continuous monitoring, avoid alcohol
