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Derm! > Midterm Material > Flashcards

Midterm Material Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

SAD diet activates in pathogenesis of acne

A

IGF-1 and mTOR

increases lipogenesis

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2
Q

Natural Tx Acne

A

Diet obvi
zinc/copper, chromium, selenium, omega 3 fatty acids, vitamin D
Berberine, Vitex, Indian Gooseberry

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3
Q

Rosacea population

A

Age - 30-50 years, female>males
affects only the face - mainly central
30-50% have ocular symptoms (iritis, scleritis, keratitis, chalazia, blepharoconjunctivitis)

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4
Q

Conventional tx for rosacea

A

topical metronidazole is reasonable first-line therapy

palliative

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5
Q

Rosacea natural tx

A

Reduce triggers (hot liquid, spicy food, alcohol, sun, niacin)
Anti-inflammatory/elimination diet
Eat in a relaxed environment and chew food well
HCl, bitters, enzymes
Probiotics-Lactobacillus
Check for nutrient deficiencies- i.e. Vit B, D, glutathione, zinc
Acupuncture, homeopathy

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6
Q

tender lesion in axillary, inguinal, intermammary and/or anogenital region

A

Hidradenitis suppurativa

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7
Q

Rosacea ddx

A

Facial Papules/Pustule-acne, perioral dermatitis, folliculitis(Staph aureus), miteFacial Flushing/Erythema-Seborrheic dermatitis, SLE, dermatomyositis

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8
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa ddx

A

Furuncle, carbuncle, lymphadenitis, rupture inclusion cyst, cat-scratch disease, lymphogranuloma venereum, donovanosis

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9
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa RFs

A 
Obesity
Female sex
Smoking
Acne vulgaris
Inflammatory bowel disease
Low zinc level
SAD
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10
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa Tx

A

Acne protocol
topical/oral abx
I+D

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11
Q

Contact history positive, acute or chronic, often vesicular and oozing

A

contact derm

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12
Q

Common, itchy skin at joints, acute, diffuse dry scaly, allergic hx, fam hx

A

atopic derm

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13
Q

Yellowish oily patches near nose or scalp, less itchy, diffuse, scaly, greasy

A

seborrheic derm

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14
Q

Pruritic, weeping vesicles on hands and feet, acute, recurring

A

Pompholyx

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15
Q

Pruritic papulovesicular or scaly coin-shaped lesions

A

nummular eczema

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16
Q

Single dry, thick scaly lesions, chronic itch

A

lichen simplex chronicus

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17
Q

For acute and subacute Inflamed ICD, use

A

powder (“Country Comfort Baby Powder”), Ointments (Calendula, Comfrey, vitamin A+D)

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18
Q

For acute, subacute and chronic dry ICD, use

A

wet soaks containing tap water, saline, colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno) for 15-20 minutes. Remove wet!

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19
Q

For acute exudative ICD

A

wet dressing using gauze soaked in Burrow’s solution changed every 2-3 hours (aluminum acetate)

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20
Q

treatment for diaper derm

A

Clinical and mycological benefits of topical application of honey, olive oil and beeswax

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21
Q

Contact Allergic Dermatitis info

A

Class - Type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity usually appears 24-48 hours after contact
range 4 hours to 10 days
Can take up to year to become reactive with a weak antigen

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22
Q

Acute vesicles

A

Poison Ivy

Linear lesions is a sign of resin being dragged over the skin while scratching

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23
Q

Conventional tx for atopic dermatitis

A

topical steroids

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24
Q

skin condition that affects following areas:

Scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, nasolabial fold, paranasal area, ears, sternum, inframammary fold, axilla, pubic area, gluteal and inguinal fold, and umbilicus

A

seborrheic derm

25
Q

Acute, chronic, or recurrent dermatitis of the hands(80%) and soles
Female=males12-40y.o.
Unknown etiology-possible association with stress, allergens, metals (Ni,Co,Cr)

A

Pompholyx (Dyshidrotic Eczema)

26
Q

Females >Males >20y.oUnknown cause-stress?Created and perpetuated by constant scratching and rubbing (itch-scratch-rash)Initial cause may have been ACD, ICD, fungal, bug bite

A

Lichen Simplex Chronicus (Neurodermatitis)

27
Q

Common, chronic, coin-shaped plaques on Extensor aspects of extremities, buttock, breast, and posterior trunk

A

nummular derm

28
Q

An itchy, dyshidrotic-like vesicular eruption on the fingers, forearms, thighs, legs, trunkThe phenomenon results from the release of cytokines that develop in a distal primary dermatitis, i.e. tinea pedis, stasis derm, etc.

A

“Id reaction”

Autosensitization Dermatitis

29
Q

Cracked porcelain pattern is the hallmark Dryness of the skin-esp northern cold climates, low humidityErythema, inflammation, and scalingMore common in elderlyLower anterolateral legs, trunk, upper extr

A

Asteatotic Dermatitis

30
Q

Eczematous dermatitis of the lower extremities, associated with edema, varicosed and dilated veins, and hyperpigmentation

A

stasis derm

31
Q

pathogenesis of stasis derm

A

30 mm Hg normal pressure > 40 mm Hg can lead to ulcers 100% get ulcers at 60 mm Hg

32
Q

Disease where this helps: Unna boot (zinc oxide) apply 1x/wk-until ulcer resolves

A

Venous Leg Ulcers

33
Q

Delayed abnormal reaction to UV radiationAll races ( as high as 10%), including brown and blackFemales>male - around age 20 first noticedSpring, early summer – 2-24 hours after 1st exposure – last 7-10 days

A

Polymorphous Light Eruption

34
Q

disease where you should consider antimalarial drugs

A

Polymorphous Light Eruption

35
Q

Hyper proliferative skin disorder in genetically predisposed individuals2% of world pop (range 0.4-4.7%)Low in Africans, Asians, Eskimos, Native AmericansHigh in US and Canada (4.6 and 4.7%)75% onset by age 40 (range 1-80yo) female=male

A

psoriasis

36
Q

Salmon-pink papules and plaques, sharply marginated with silvery-white scales.Removal of scales-reveals punctate bleeding called auspitz’s sign

A

psoriasis

37
Q

Oil spot lesion

A

psoriasis

38
Q

Triggered by group A streptococcal pharyngitis or viral infection Sudden onset of multiple scaling red papulesSelf-resolves in 3-4 months-no benefit found with antibiotics

A

Guttate Psoriasis

39
Q

Koebner’s phenomenon

A

psoriasisa major factor eliciting lesions- rubbing and scratching

40
Q

Both cells activate keratinocyte innate immune defenses, thus protecting the skin from pathogen invasion.

A

Th17 and Th22Both cells are enriched in many immune-mediated skin diseases, such as dermatitis, ACD and psoriasis

41
Q

Drug for Mod-Severe plaque psoriasis

A

Ixekizumab, a monoclonal antibody that selectively targets interleukin-17A

42
Q

Herald Patch (80%)
1-10 cm, pre-dates the reminder of the other lesions by hours to 14 days
Common(2%), benign, self-limiting, distinctive, papulosquamous eruption Unknown etiology-viral origin is suspected (herpes virus type 7)75% between ages of 10-35years
Pruritis-absent(25%), mild(50%),severe(25%)

A

Pityriasis rosea

Acyclovir may be effective

43
Q 
Sun exposed areas of skin
male> females
pre-malignant "sore that doesn't heal"
1 out of 1000 lesions develop into SCC annually
5-10% over a lifetime
A

Actinic keratosis (AK)

44
Q

Protection against UV light can be achieved by diet rich in

A

lycopene and lutein

45
Q

actinic keratosis nodular lesions should be biopsied (shave or excisional) unless

A

<0.5cm

46
Q

Five p’s: pruritic, planar (flat-topped), polygonal, purple papules, 2-10mm in diameterSurface scales are lacy (reticulated) fine white lines called “Wickham’s striae” Seen best with mineral oil application

A

Lichen planus

47
Q

Aloe vera gel may be effective for

A

oral lichen planus

48
Q

Skin lesions: Dull red, Iris or targetlike lesions, macules to papules, localized or generalized, often symmetricSites:hands, feet, face, elbows, knees, mucous membranes, genitals(50%)

A

Erythema Multiforme Syndrome

49
Q

Acute inflammatory/ immunologic rx of subcutaneous fat leading to painful red swollen nodules on the extensor aspect of the extremities.

A

Erythema Nodosum

50
Q

Herald Patch (80%)1-10 cm, pre-dates the reminder of the other lesions by hours to 14 days Often asymptomatic and self-limiting and requires no treatment acyclovir may be effective

A

Pityriasis rosea

51
Q

5-Fluorouracil or curaderm Tx for…

A

superficial basal cell or Actinic keratosis

52
Q

Chronic itchy lesionsResistant to txNeg KOHNeg cultureBiopsy-spongiosis

A

nummular eczema

53
Q

most common human cancer

A

basal cell carinoma

Locally invasive, aggressive, destructive least dangerous-limited ability to metastasize

54
Q

Nodular, pearly, translucent when stretched
Ulcerative (Rodent ulcer)
Superficial type
Pigmented/sclerotic

A

basal cell carinoma

haphazard telangiectasia

55
Q

0.005% mixture of solasodine glycosides (Zycure) may clear

A

Basal cell carinoma

56
Q

addition of methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) to photodynamic therapy (PDT) may clear

A

Nodular basal cell carinoma

57
Q

Seborrheic Derm Tx

A

Zinc
B vitamins
EFA’s
Heliotherapy
Hydrotherapy, acupuncture, homeopathy, mediation
Topical –Honey 90/10 with water rub 2-3 minutes-3 hrs/4wks
Shampoo: Selenium sulfide

58
Q

SCC

A

sunscreen will px this but not other derm CA

59
Q

Melanoma Types

A 
Superficial spreading (60-70%)
Nodular melanoma (15-30%)
Lentigo maligna (5-15%)
Acral lentiginous melanoma (5-15%)

Derm! (2 decks)

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