Midterm Material Flashcards
1
Q
how many cusps primary mandibular first molar
A
4
2
Q
list maxillary molar cusps from largest to smallest
A
ML>MB>DB>DL>Carabelli (only on first molars)
3
Q
what permanent tooth is the primary maxillary first molar comparable to?
A
maxillary premolar
4
Q
in y type mandibular second premolar, where is lingual groove?
A
distal to center
5
Q
how many lobes in molars
A
one lobe per cusp
6
Q
roots of mandibular second molar
A
sometimes fused to varying degrees with C shaped canal or more like mandibular first molar roots
7
Q
Compare root:crown of maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary central incisor
A
maxillary lateral incisor has smaller crown in relation to root
8
Q
how many fossae on maxillary first molar
A
4 (2 major 2 minor)
9
Q
on a maxillary lateral incisor is the mesial or distal outline from the facial view more curved?
A
mesial outline straighter than distal outline
10
Q
Which anterior tooth has most pronounced lingual anatomy?
A
maxillary lateral incisor
11
Q
height of contours mandibular
A
Central, lateral and canine: facial and lingual cervical 1/3
pre and molars: facial at cervical 1/3, lingual at middle 1/3
12
Q
Which maxillary premolar has a larger occlusal table?
A
maxillary second has larger occlusal table than maxillary first
13
Q
smallest mandibular molar root
A
distal root of mandibular third molar
14
Q
describe location of cusp tip on maxillary canine
A
From facial aspect: in line with center of root, mesial to center of crown
from mesial aspect: slightly lingual to center
15
Q
describe location of cingulum on maxillary canine
A
cingulum centered over root
16
Q
reasons primary teeth are important (6)
A
- proper chewing
- good pronounciation/speech habits
- normal jaw bone/muscle development
- spacing of permanent teeth
- child’s confidence about looks
- guide permanent teeth eruption placement
17
Q
on maxillary first premolar where are the heights of contour from an occlusial aspect?
A
both B and L are mesial to center
18
Q
mammelons on primary incisors?
A
no
19
Q
Does maxillary or mandibular canine have more prominent lingual anatomy?
A
maxillary canine has more prominent lingual anatomy
20
Q
Describe buccal cusp and cusp slope of maxillary first premolar
A
mesial ridge longer than distal, so cusp tip offset to distal
form diagonal line since mesial part of cusp slope inclines more lingually
21
Q
List the cusps of mandibular second premolar in order from tallest to shortest
A
Tallest is buccal, then mesiolingual then shortest is distolingual
22
Q
pulp chamber shape primary mandibular first molar
A
rectangle (wider mesiodistally)
23
Q
on mandibular first/second molar are lingual or buccal cusps sharper? which is most blunt?
A
lingual sharper (with MB most dull)
24
Q
What are the longest teeth in the mouth?
A
canines
25
MB and DB roots of maxillary (first) molar have what shape?
pliers handle (converge at apical third after DB diverges distally initially)
26
buccal pit mandibular second molar
not usually
27
is the primary maxillary first molar wider mesiodistally or occlusocervically?
wider mesiodistally
28
Compare cusps of maxillary first and second premolars
mostly the same but maxillary second has cusps of almost equal size
on second has B and L cusps centered, with B cusp ridges perpendicular to bisecting line
29
describe lingual cusp of mandibular first premolar
cusp tip in line with lingual border of root from mesial aspect
very small in comparison to buccal cusp
30
From a mesial view of maxillary central incisor, which lingual convexities are visible?
All of them
31
crown taper of mandibular third molar
tapers distally
32
describe lingual cusp separation in maxillary (first) molar
cusps separated by distolingual groove which may end in lingual pit in center portion of lingual surface
33
What shape crown does a mandibular first premolar have from buccal aspect?
bell shaped
34
what tooth is considered the cornerstone to development of occlusion?
permanent first molars
35
root cervical cross section shape mandibular second molar
wider on mesial than distal to make roughly rounded arrowhead shape
36
class I occlusion
normal
37
how many developmental lobes does a premolar have?
4: 3 facial 1 lingual
| EXCEPT y type mandibular 2nd premolar which has 5: 3 facial 2 lingual
38
distobuccal groove mandibular second molar
not present
39
compare buccal cusps of mandibular first and second premolars
mandibular second premolar has a shorter buccal cusp and the cusp tip is slightly buccal to center of root
40
Which cusp has more inclined slopes, MB or DB of maxillary (first) molar
MB slopes less inclined than DB
41
compare mesial and distal contacts of maxillary first and second molars
on second molar, contacts more centered faciolingually
42
distal contact of mandibular first molar wrt center
slightly facial to center
43
list buccal cusps of mandibular first molar from largest to smallest
MB>DB>D
44
describe location of cusp tip on maxillary canine
From facial aspect: in line with center of root, mesial to center of crown
from mesial aspect: slightly facial to center
45
Incisal ridge vs incisal edge
ridge when newly erupted since slightly rounded. After wear becomes flattened and called incisal edge
46
when does mandibular second premolar erupt?
age 10
47
describe cingulum of mandibular canine
slightly offset towards distal
48
is maxillary first molar wider buccolingually or mesiodistally?
wider bucolingually
49
How are the mesial and distal marginal ridges oriented wrt long axis in maxillary first premolar?
both perpendicular
50
compare cusp sizes of lingual mandibular first molar
ML is slightly taller but mostly same size
51
On maxillary canine, relation between proximal contacts, cusp slopes, cusp tips?
all in straight line
52
describe root of mandibular first premolar
single ovoid root
| sometimes two roots
53
shape of pulp cross section in maxillary central incisor
rounded triangular
54
From a distal and incisal view, compare facial contour of maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary central incisor
on maxillary lateral incisor facial contour more rounded
55
Number of primary teeth
20. 10 upper 10 lower
56
Where is concavity on distal aspect of maxillary first molar?
in cervical third of crown and root
57
Relation between proximal contacts and incisal ridge of maxillary central incisor,
in line
58
Palmer notation (permanent)
symbol indicates quadrant (ie ﹂ indicates upper left), number counts backwards from central incisor (central incisor=1, lateral incisor=2, canine=3, etc)
59
mandibular second molar which root is longer
mesial slightly longer than distal root
60
What's special about the distal contact area of maxillary canines?
usually concave between contact area and cervical line
61
tooth with largest occlusal surfaces
permanent mandibular molars
62
Clinical importance of over/under contouring crowns
Under contouring: leads to food getting stuck, infection, inflammation
Over contouring: causes tissue to be pushed, cause recession and gingival irritation problems
63
how to roots on mandibular first molar curve?
mesial curves distally halfway down
| distal projects distally can can curve any direction to any degree
64
ridges on occlusal surface of primary mandibular first molar
transverse ridge from MB to ML cusps
65
For upper posterior teeth, how many lingual surfaces (and what shape) and how many buccal surfaces (and what shape)
2 planar lingual
| 1 relatively straight buccal
66
contact point on mesial aspect of maxillary first molar wrt center
slightly buccal and occlusal to crown midpoint (in middle 1/3)
67
developmental depressions on mandibular first molar
deep and cause issues clinically
68
Number of permanent teeth
32. 16 upper 16 lower
69
class III occlusion
mandible pushed forwards
| anterior crossbite
70
for the mandibular first premolar, which marginal ridge is more occlusally positioned?
distal marginal ridge
71
on maxillary first premolar where are the proximal contacts from an occlusial aspect?
both M and D are facial to center
72
list lingual cusps of mandibular first molar from largest to smallest
ML>DL
73
from a mesial aspect, what's the crown outline of mandibular second premolar
rhombus
74
From a distal view of maxillary central incisor, which lingual convexities are visible?
None, instead some facial aspect can be seen
75
when does mandibular first premolar erupt?
age 9
76
compare root apex of mandibular first and second molar
apex sharper on mandibular second molar and root is narrower
77
Which dimension of maxillary central incisor crown is longer on facial side?
crown slightly longer incisocervically than mesiodistally, also distal aspect is shorter than mesial incisocervically
78
on maxillary first premolar is mesial or distal occlusocervical height taller?
mesial is taller than distal
79
Where is central portion of cingulum of maxillary central incisor located in relation to center of crown? (mesially?/distally?)
distally
80
Compare incisal edge of maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary central incisor
maxillary lateral incisor is broader faciolingually
81
From a mesial view, where is incisal edge in relation to bisecting line on maxillary lateral incisor?
incisal edge ON bisecting line
82
Types of periodontal ligament fibers and location (6)
- Apical fibers: at apex of root
- Oblique fibers: from cementum in an oblique direction to insert into bone
- Horizontal fibers: attach to the cementum apical to the alveolar crest fibers and run perpendicularly from the root of the tooth to the alveolar bone.
- Dentoalveolar crest fibers: run from the cervical part of the root to the alveolar bone crest
- Transseptal fibers: extend interproximally over the alveolar bone crest and are embedded in the cementum of adjacent teeth; they form an interdental ligament
- Interradical fibers: between the roots of multirooted teeth, extend from radicular cementum to interradicular alveolar bone.
83
how many pulp canals mandibular first molar
mesial root has 2 pulp canals, distal has one or two
84
on mandibular second molar is the root trunk longer on lingual or buccal side?
longer on lingual
85
list maxillary molars from largest to smallest
largest maxillary molar is M1, M3 is smallest
86
describe relation of mesial contact, facial cusp tip and distal contact on mandibular first premolar
all in straight line
87
describe location of lingual height of contour on mandibular first premolar
lingual height of contour almost centered on crown
88
which permanent tooth is primary mandibular second molar comparable to?
permanent mandibular 1st molar
89
biologic width
distance from bottom of sulcus to top of bone
90
Number of lobes on maxillary incisor
4 (3 facial 1 lingual)
91
pulp cross section of maxillary third molar
irregular and multiple depressions present
92
how many fossae/pits mandibular second molar
3
93
FDI numbering system (primary)
| International Dental Federation
Two numbers: first number indicates quadrant (UR=5, UL=6, LL=7, LR=8), second number counts backwards from central incisor (central incisor=1, lateral incisor=2, canine=3, etc)
94
when do roots of primary teeth complete formation?
1-2 years after eruption
95
compare occlusal table size of mandibular third molar with first and second
mandibular third molar is smallest occlusal table/cusp tips closer together
96
when does maxillary second premolar erupt?
age 10
97
root:crown ratio of maxillary central incisor
root is 1.5x crown
98
mesial marginal groove mandibular second molar
short and shallow when present
99
all primary teeth are erupted by when?
2-3 years
100
What age does maxillary canine erupt?
11-12
101
where is furcation of buccal roots on maxillary second molar wrt facial developmental groove?
distal
102
for premolars, do maxillary or mandibular teeth erupt first?
mandibular erupt before maxillary
103
where does the carabelli cusp arise from?
from the lingual surface of the ML cusp
104
what type of tooth is not seen in primary dentition?
no premolars
105
how many roots primary mandibular first molar? list from largest to smallest
2, M>D
106
how many roots on primary maxillary first molar?
3
107
Which premolar(s) usually has/have two roots?
maxillary first premolar
108
from occlusal view, list cusps of mandibular first molar from largest to smallest
MB>ML>DL>DB>D
109
compare root trunk lingually and buccally on mandibular first molar
taller on lingual aspect
110
roots curving Maxillary incisors
usually incline/curve distally
111
sulcus
space between tooth and gingiva (where probing takes place)
112
What's more curved from the facial view, lateral or central incisors?
Lateral is more curved
113
Curve of spee
anteriorposterior curved line that connects cusp tips of posterior teeth (lateral view)
Ie. Front to back of mouth
114
on mandibular second premolar, is mesial or distal crown outline longer?
mesial crown outline is longer
115
class II occlusion
mandible pushed backwards
division I with maxillary teeth straight and mandibular teeth angled to meet them
division II with both maxillary and mandibular teeth angled to meet one another
116
Compare the two roots of maxillary first premolar
buccal longer and larger with slightly sharper apex
117
from mesial or distal is more occlusal surface visible on maxillary first molar?
from distal
118
describe root of mandibular canine
can be bifurcated
119
when does mandibular canine erupt?
age 9-10
120
How many cusps on maxillary premolars? mandibular premolars? Relative sizes?
maxillary have 2 cusps of equal size
| mandibular have >2 cusps with smaller lingual
121
when does maxillary second molar erupt?
age 12
122
CEJ line generality
| Maxillary incisors
mesial usually more incisally positioned than distal CEJ line (less pronounced posteriorly)
123
how many developmental/major grooves on maxillary first molar
6
124
What is last tooth to be lost generally?
mandibular canine
125
what is first permanent tooth to erupt and when does it start calcification/formation?
mandibular first molars are first permanent teeth to erupt at age 6 and start formation at birth
126
Is the first or second premolar larger?
Maxillary: 1st >2nd
Mandibular: 2nd> 1st
127
FDI numbering system (permanent)
| International Dental Federation
Two numbers: first number indicates quadrant (UR=1, UL=2, LL=3, LR=4), second number counts backwards from central incisor (central incisor=1, lateral incisor=2, canine=3, etc)
128
succedaneous dentition
permanent dentition
129
on mandibular second molar are ML/MB or DL/DB cusps closer together?
mesiolingual and mesiobuccal cusps are closer together
130
What is the most morphologically variable tooth?
3rd molar and second most is maxillary lateral incisor
131
pulp of mandibular canine
irregular ovoid outline with taper to lingual
132
Universal numbering system (primary)
start at A for upper right molar, around to upper left then down to lower left and around to lower right
133
three types of c shaped canals
only in mandibular second molar
Type I continuous C
Type II semicolon
Type III two discrete canals
now more types
134
When does maxillary first premolar erupt?
age 9
135
perikymata
minute transverse ridges on the surface of the enamel of a tooth which correspond to the incremental lines of Retzius.
136
between maxillary and mandibular canine, which is narrower?
mandibular canine
137
list cusps of mandibular second molar from largest to smallest from an occlusal view
MB>ML>DB>DL
138
location of facial ridge on maxillary canine
mesial to center of crown
139
how many developmental lobes on canine?
4: 3 facial 1 lingual
140
describe buccal cusp and cusp slopes of mandibular first premolar
buccal cusp centered over root from mesial aspect
mesial ridge of buccal cusp is shorter than distal
mesial slope of buccal cusp is slightly concave
141
For lower posterior teeth, how many lingual surfaces (and what shape) and how many buccal surfaces (and what shape)
2 planar buccal
| 1 relatively straight lingual
142
distal marginal groove on mandibular first molar
often; when there it's at midpoint of marginal ridge (which is lingual to midpoint of crown)
143
describe cusp ridges on mandibular canine
mesial cusp ridge shorter and more horizontal than distal slope (more than maxillary canine
144
proximal outline form of permanent mandibular molar
rhomboidal with lingual inclination
145
is primary maxillary first or second molar larger?
primary 2nd
146
describe buccal grooves of mandibular first molar
mesiobuccal groove slightly mesial to crown center and root bifurcation and goes down halfway, terminates with pit
distobuccal groove parallel to distal root and longer than mesiobuccal groove
147
lists cusps of primary maxillary first molar from largest to smallest
MB>ML>DB>DL
| DB and DL insignificant in size, sometimes DL not present at all
148
differences in pulp canals in first and second maxillary molars
second usually has one pulp canal per root
149
how many roots primary mandibular second molar
2
150
describe tilt of crown of mandibular canine
entire crown tilted distally wrt long axis of tooth
151
erupting age of maxillary lateral incisor
age 8
152
shape of pulp in maxillary canine
wider faciolingually than mesiodistally, possible bifurcation
153
Mucogingival junction separates what?
Separates attached gingiva (near crowns) from alveolar mucosa (loose tissue away from crowns)
154
two parts of occlusal table of maxillary first molar
TRIGON: mesial part (outlined by MB, ML, and DB cusps
TALON: heel defined by DL cusp
155
list 3 types of mandibular second premolar from most to least common
Most common: Y type, then H type and U type is least common
156
list primary mandibular first molar cusps largest to smallest
MB>ML>DB>DL
157
describe root of maxillary second premolar
usually single root
sometimes two pulp canals
no root concavities
ovoid
158
How does the incisal edge of maxillary lateral incisor differ from maxillary central incisor?
maxillary lateral incisor has more rounded incisal angles with distal more rounded than mesial. Also incisal edge can slope gingivally towards distal
159
Deciduous dentition
primary dentition
160
Occlusal plane
curved surface that can rest on all teeth. Never flat.
161
compare roots of primary incisors with permanent ones
primary anterior teeth have roots more narrow and pointed
162
Mamelons are found on which teeth?
Permanent Incisors
163
which permanent tooth is primary maxillary second molar comparable to?
permanent maxillary 1st molar
164
compare groove and fossae patters of first and second maxillary molars
they have same groove and fossae patterns
165
Proximal contacts maxillary teeth
Central: mesial incisal 1/3, distal junc of incisal/middle 1/3
Lateral: mesial junc of incisal/middle 1/3, distal middle 1/3
Canine: mesial junc of incisal/middle 1/3, distal middle 1/3
Rest middle 1/3
166
transverse vs oblique ridge
transverse goes directly across tooth, oblique goes diagonally across tooth
167
where is lingual developmental groove wrt bifurcation on mandibular second molar
in line
168
when do roots of primary teeth begin to resorb?
2-3 years before exfoliation
169
From an incisal view of maxillary central incisor, how is the cingulum positioned in relation to the center bisecting line?
cingulum is slightly distal
170
number of cusps mandibular third molar
4
171
What are the occusal outline forms of the 4 premolars?
Maxillary 1: hexagon
Maxillary 2: Oval
Mandibular 1: diamond
Mandibular 2: square
172
from facial view, what's crown outline of maxillary primary canine?
diamond
173
cervical cross section mandibular third molar
variable
two canals in mesial root, one in distal
tapered to distal
174
second longest teeth in mouth?
mandibular canine
175
crown to root ratio mandibular third molar
1:1
176
number cusps mandibular second molar
4
177
compare placement of cingulum of maxillary lateral incisor and maxillary central incisor
on maxillary lateral incisor cingulum is more centrally placed
178
what primary tooth has largest faciolingual diameter?
maxillary second molar
179
root shape of mandibular second premolar
most common single root with one pulp canal, ovoid pulp canal (sometimes bi or trifurcated in apical third)
180
lingual groove on mandibular first molar
no pit, in line with bifurcation
181
What shape is the crown of maxillary first premolar from buccal aspect?
bell shaped
182
how many major grooves mandibular first molar
4
183
compare lingual cusps of mandibular first and second premolars
lingual cusps of mandibular second premolar are higher
184
Where are radicular grooves most often found?
On the palatal aspect of maxillary lateral incisor, and rarely on the labial root surface of central incisors
185
From a mesial/distal view, where is incisal edge in relation to bisecting line of maxillary central incisor?
incisal tip and root apex ON bisecting line (middle of tooth) with mesial proximal contact
186
pulp chamber shape primary mandibular second molar
wider rectangle than mandibular first (wider mesiodistally)
187
pulp chamber cross section shape mandibular first molar
cross section 8 shape
188
What is the only tooth in the mouth to diverge (get wider) towards the lingual?
maxillary first molar
189
outline form of maxillary (first) molar from mesial aspect
trapezoid
190
which way to maxillary/mandibular premolars incline?
mandibular towards lingual, maxillary do not at all
191
groove pattern of maxillary third molar
numerous secondary grooves, very variable
192
heights of contour on primary anterior teeth
on buccal and lingual cervical ridges
193
Universal numbering system (permanent)
start at 1 for upper right wisdom tooth, around to upper left then down to lower left and around to lower right
194
describe roots of maxillary third molar
usually fused and very distally curved
195
on mandibular first molar are lingual or buccal cusps taller?
lingual
196
describe cusp and cusp slopes of mandibular second premolar?
short buccal cusp with ridges forming obtuse angle (mesial ridge shorter than distal)
197
From the mesial aspect, what's the crown outline of the maxillary first premolar?
trapezoidal
198
what permanent teeth are not succedeous
permanent molars
199
pulp chamber shape primary maxillary first molar
roughly triangular
200
pulp chamber shape primary maxillary second molar
square
201
which permanent tooth is primary mandibular first molar comparable to?
none: it is unique
202
leeway space
space gained by the difference in mesiodistal dimensions of the premolars and the primary molars
203
crown outline form of maxillary (first) molar
trapezoidal
204
where is root furcation in maxillary third molar
apical third of root
205
crown contours maxillary incisors
more rounded distally than mesially
206
What shape is the crown on the mandibular second premolar?
not bell shaped (instead it has a broader crown)
207
describe CEJ of maxillary third molar
irregular in form
208
on primary mandibular canine, is mesial or distal cusp ridge longer?
shorter mesial, longer distal
209
occlusal outline form for maxillary molars
rhomboid occlusal outline except M3 might be heart shaped
210
eruption age of maxillary central incisor
erupts at age 7
211
which root has shaper apex on mandibular first /second molar, mesial or distal?
distal is sharper root apex
212
which mandibular premolar has a transverse ridge?
mandibular first premolar
213
roots mandibular third molar
short, fused, compressed, dramatic tapering to apex, distally inclined
214
Curve of Wilson
mediolateral curved line that connects buccal and lingual cusp tips on each side of the arch (frontal view)
215
eruption sequence of permanent teeth
first molar (6-7, 6-7), central incisors (6-7, 7-8), lateral incisors (7-8, 8-9), mandibular canines (9-10) and maxillary first premolars (10-11), mandibular first premolars (10-12) and maxillary second premolars (10-12), maxillary canines (11-12) and mandibular second premolars (11-12), second molars (11-13, 12-13).
216
how many fossae mandibular first molar
3
217
when does maxillary third molar erupt
age 18+
218
occlusal aspect shape of permanent mandibular molar
M1 pentagonal, M2 and M3 rectangular with M3 more rounded
219
what can be found on mesial marginal ridge of maxillary first molar?
tubercules or mesial marginal groove
220
Which mesial/distal side of maxillary central incisor is straighter/more curved?
distal more rounded, mesial relatively straight
221
Which marginal ridge on a posterior tooth is not perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth?
mesial marginal ridge of mandibular first premolar is tipped lingually
222
On maxillary canine, is mesial or distal cusp ridge (from a facial perspective) shorter?
mesial cusp ridge is shorter than distal
223
when does mandibular 2nd molar erupt?
age 12
224
Proximal contacts mandibular teeth
cental: mesial and distal incisal 1/3
lateral: mesial and distal incisal 1/3
canine: mesial incisal 1/3, distal middle 1/3
rest middle 1/3
225
what is unique about cusps of maxillary third molar
DL cusp often absent, single lingual cusp left is largest cusp
226
mesial marginal groove on mandibular first molar
sometimes
227
on primary maxillary canine, is mesial or distal cusp ridge longer?
mesial longer (opposite of permanent)
228
On canines, are mesial or distal crown contours more rounded?
distal crown contours more rounded
229
Which maxillary premolar has mesial marginal groove and where is it located?
maxillary first has groove which is slightly lingual from center
230
shape of pulp of maxillary lateral incisor
ovoid
231
from facial view, what's crown outline of mandibular primary canine?
arrow shaped
232
Are developmental grooves/pits seen in maxillary central incisor?
Yes, but more common in maxillary lateral incisors
233
Palmer notation (primary)
symbol indicates quadrant (ie ﹂ indicates upper left), letters count backwards from central incisor (central incisor=A, lateral incisor=B, canine=C, etc)
234
how many triangular ridges on mesiolingual cusp of maxillary first molar?
2
235
Height of contours maxillary
Central, lateral and canine: facial and lingual cervical 1/3
| pre and molars: facial at cervical 1/3, lingual at middle 1/3
236
differences between primary and permanent molars (11)
primary has:
- lighter colour
- thinner enamel
- thicker dentin in central fossa, thinner elsewhere
- higher pulp horns/larger pulp chamber
- more pronounced cervical ridges
- enamel rods @ CEJ slope occlusally
- more constricted cervix
- short root trunks
- smaller occlusal table
- roots slender and long
- roots flared beyond crown outline
237
how many major grooves mandibular second molar
3
238
when do primary teeth begin calcification?
4-5 months in utero
239
Which fossae of maxillary canine is larger?
ML fossa smaller than DL fossa
240
eruption sequence of primary dentition
central, lateral incicors, first molars (one year molars) canines, second molars (two year molars)
241
are permanent mandibular molars wider mesiodistally or buccolingually
wider mesiodistally
242
describe lingual cusp and cusp slope of maxillary first premolar
mesial and distal ridges form ~right angle, cusp offset to mesial
243
describe buccal cusp separation in maxillary (first) molar
B cusps separated by buccal groove which goes ~1/2 up B surface
ends in depression and sometimes pit
244
tooth with largest mesiodistal dimension
mandibular first molar
