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ITPS > MIDTERM LESSON > Flashcards

MIDTERM LESSON Flashcards

1
Q

Simple picture drawings used for communication purposes.

A

Petroglyphs

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2
Q

The first writing system that used symbols to correspond with spoken sounds.

A

Cuneiform

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3
Q

An ancient calculating tool with rows of movable beads on rods.

A

Abacus

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3
Q

An alphabet that used symbols to express single syllables and consonants, later adding vowels.

A

Phoenician alphabet

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4
Q

Introduced a movable metal-type printing machine, making written technology accessible.

A

Printing Press

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5
Q

A mechanical device with graduated scales for simple calculations.

A

Slide Rule

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6
Q

The first calculator or adding machine designed by Blaise Pascal, capable of addition and subtraction.

A

Pascaline

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7
Q

Considered to be the first programmer

A

Ada lovelace

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8
Q

Meaning of ENIAC

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

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8
Q

A device designed by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz for multiplication through repeated addition and shifting.

A

Step Reckoner

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9
Q

A system advocated by Leibniz, using only two digits (0 and 1) in calculations.

A

Binary System

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10
Q

The first successful automatic calculator designed by Charles Babbage.

A

Difference Engine

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11
Q

Enabled communication over great distances using electricity.

A

Telegraph

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12
Q

A system of dots and dashes used for transmitting messages.

A

Morse Code

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12
Q

Invented by Alan Turing, a fundamental concept in computation.

A

Turing Machine

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13
Q

The first large-scale electronic computer operational in 1944 at Bletchley Park.

A

Colossus

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13
Q

The first general-purpose electronic computer capable of performing 5,000 additions per second.

A

ENIAC

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14
Q

An early electronic computer that was binary and a stored program machine.

A

EDVAC

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15
Q

The second electronic digital stored-program computer operational in 1949.

A

EDSAC

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16
Q

Used in the first generation of computers, large, expensive, and energy-consuming.

A

Vacuum tubes

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17
Q

Replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers, making them smaller, faster, and more reliable.

A

Transistors

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18
Q

Increased speed and efficiency in the third generation of computers.

A

Integrated circuits

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19
Q

Developed in the fourth generation of computers, leading to personal computers.

A

Microprocessors

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20
Q

Focuses on machine learning and automation.

A

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

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20
Q

A network of physical devices embedded with sensors and software to collect and share data.

A

Internet of Things (IoT)

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21
Q

A digital ledger where encrypted blocks of data are stored and linked together.

A

Blockchain

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22
Q

Supports Windows Server 20, Linux, and VMware ESX, making it suitable for both datacenter and home use.

A

Compatibility

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23
Q

Comes with low-profile and full-height brackets, making it compatible with standard and mini-sized computer cases.

A

Brackets

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24
Q

Devices connected to the computer to manage input or output functions.

A

External Computer Hardware Components

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25
Q

A handheld input device that controls a cursor in a graphical user interface (GUI).

A

Mouse

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26
Q

The prototype mouse was created in 1968 and first sold by Xerox Corporation on April 27, 1981.

A

First Mouse

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27
Q

An input device featuring a standard QWERTY keyset, enabling users to input text, numbers, and special characters.

A

Keyboard

28
Q

An early keyboard was manufactured in Poland in 1976.

A

First Computer Keyboard

29
Q

A device that captures visual images and streams them to a computer or network device.

A

Camera

29
Q

An input device, either external or built into a laptop, used to control the pointer on a display screen.

A

Touchpad

30
Q

An external, removable storage device that uses flash memory and connects to a computer via a USB port.

A

USB Flash Drive

31
Q

A type of portable external storage media, such as a CompactFlash card, used for storing media or data files.

A

Memory Card

32
Q

flash memory mass storage device used mainly in portable electronic devices.

A

CompactFlash Card

33
Q

An output device similar to a TV screen, used to display information, documents, or images generated by a computer.

A

Monitor

34
Q

Different categories of monitors, including CRT, LCD, and LED.

A

Types of Monitors

35
Q

A vacuum tube containing an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at the other.

A

Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

35
Q

A flat-panel display made up of a layer of color or monochrome pixels, electrodes, and polarizing filters.

A

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

36
Q

A semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current is passed through it.

A

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

37
Q

Produces characters without striking the paper, leading to quieter operation.

A

Non-Impact Printer

37
Q

An external audio output device that connects to a computer to generate sound.

A

Speaker

38
Q

Devices that provide audio output that is audible to a single listener.

A

Headphones, Earphones, Earbuds

39
Q

Manages application programs and hardware communication.

A

Operating System (OS)

40
Q

Facilitates interaction between software and hardware.

A

Application Program Interface (API)

41
Q

Text-based interface for user commands.

A

Command-Line Interface (CLI)

42
Q

Visual interface using icons and menus.

A

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

43
Q

Controls computer memory allocation and usage.

A

Memory Management

44
Q

Manages multiple programs running simultaneously.

A

Process Coordination

45
Q

Most popular OS, pre-installed on PCs.

A

Microsoft Windows

46
Q

Open-source OS, customizable and free.

A

Linux

46
Q

Apple’s OS for Macintosh computers.

A

macOS

47
Q

Operating system for Apple mobile devices.

A

Apple iOS

48
Q

Operating system for Android mobile devices.

A

Google Android

48
Q

Central hub connecting all hardware components.

A

Motherboard

49
Q

Physical components of a computer system.

A

Computer Hardware

50
Q

Processes instructions and executes programs.

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

51
Q

Volatile memory for quick data access.

A

Random Access Memory (RAM)

52
Q

Stores permanent and temporary data.

A

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

53
Q

Faster storage using NAND flash memory.

A

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

54
Q

Read/write data on CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays.

A

Optical Drives

55
Q

Dissipates heat from computer components.

A

Heat Sink

56
Q

Processes graphical data for rendering.

A

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

57
Q

Connects computer to a network.

A

Network Interface Card (NIC)

58
Q

Up to 700 MB of data.

A

Storage Capacity of CD

59
Q

Up to 17 GB of data.

A

Storage Capacity of DVD

60
Q

IBM PC (1981) with 16-64 KB RAM.

A

First Motherboard

61
Q

Intel 4004, 740 KHz, 92,000 instructions/sec.

A

First CPU

62
Q

IBM 1954, first commercial hard disk drive.

A

First HDD

63
Q

StorageTek (1978), first RAM-based SSD.

A

First SSD

64
Q
A
65
Q
A
66
Q
A
67
Q
A
68
Q
A

ITPS (2 decks)

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