MIDTERM LESSON Flashcards
Simple picture drawings used for communication purposes.
Petroglyphs
The first writing system that used symbols to correspond with spoken sounds.
Cuneiform
An ancient calculating tool with rows of movable beads on rods.
Abacus
An alphabet that used symbols to express single syllables and consonants, later adding vowels.
Phoenician alphabet
Introduced a movable metal-type printing machine, making written technology accessible.
Printing Press
A mechanical device with graduated scales for simple calculations.
Slide Rule
The first calculator or adding machine designed by Blaise Pascal, capable of addition and subtraction.
Pascaline
Considered to be the first programmer
Ada lovelace
Meaning of ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
A device designed by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz for multiplication through repeated addition and shifting.
Step Reckoner
A system advocated by Leibniz, using only two digits (0 and 1) in calculations.
Binary System
The first successful automatic calculator designed by Charles Babbage.
Difference Engine
Enabled communication over great distances using electricity.
Telegraph
A system of dots and dashes used for transmitting messages.
Morse Code
Invented by Alan Turing, a fundamental concept in computation.
Turing Machine
The first large-scale electronic computer operational in 1944 at Bletchley Park.
Colossus
The first general-purpose electronic computer capable of performing 5,000 additions per second.
ENIAC
An early electronic computer that was binary and a stored program machine.
EDVAC
The second electronic digital stored-program computer operational in 1949.
EDSAC
Used in the first generation of computers, large, expensive, and energy-consuming.
Vacuum tubes
Replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers, making them smaller, faster, and more reliable.
Transistors
Increased speed and efficiency in the third generation of computers.
Integrated circuits
Developed in the fourth generation of computers, leading to personal computers.
Microprocessors
Focuses on machine learning and automation.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
A network of physical devices embedded with sensors and software to collect and share data.
Internet of Things (IoT)
A digital ledger where encrypted blocks of data are stored and linked together.
Blockchain
Supports Windows Server 20, Linux, and VMware ESX, making it suitable for both datacenter and home use.
Compatibility
Comes with low-profile and full-height brackets, making it compatible with standard and mini-sized computer cases.
Brackets
Devices connected to the computer to manage input or output functions.
External Computer Hardware Components
A handheld input device that controls a cursor in a graphical user interface (GUI).
Mouse
The prototype mouse was created in 1968 and first sold by Xerox Corporation on April 27, 1981.
First Mouse
An input device featuring a standard QWERTY keyset, enabling users to input text, numbers, and special characters.
Keyboard
An early keyboard was manufactured in Poland in 1976.
First Computer Keyboard
A device that captures visual images and streams them to a computer or network device.
Camera
An input device, either external or built into a laptop, used to control the pointer on a display screen.
Touchpad
An external, removable storage device that uses flash memory and connects to a computer via a USB port.
USB Flash Drive
A type of portable external storage media, such as a CompactFlash card, used for storing media or data files.
Memory Card
flash memory mass storage device used mainly in portable electronic devices.
CompactFlash Card
An output device similar to a TV screen, used to display information, documents, or images generated by a computer.
Monitor
Different categories of monitors, including CRT, LCD, and LED.
Types of Monitors
A vacuum tube containing an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at the other.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
A flat-panel display made up of a layer of color or monochrome pixels, electrodes, and polarizing filters.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
A semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current is passed through it.
Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Produces characters without striking the paper, leading to quieter operation.
Non-Impact Printer
An external audio output device that connects to a computer to generate sound.
Speaker
Devices that provide audio output that is audible to a single listener.
Headphones, Earphones, Earbuds
Manages application programs and hardware communication.
Operating System (OS)
Facilitates interaction between software and hardware.
Application Program Interface (API)
Text-based interface for user commands.
Command-Line Interface (CLI)
Visual interface using icons and menus.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Controls computer memory allocation and usage.
Memory Management
Manages multiple programs running simultaneously.
Process Coordination
Most popular OS, pre-installed on PCs.
Microsoft Windows
Open-source OS, customizable and free.
Linux
Apple’s OS for Macintosh computers.
macOS
Operating system for Apple mobile devices.
Apple iOS
Operating system for Android mobile devices.
Google Android
Central hub connecting all hardware components.
Motherboard
Physical components of a computer system.
Computer Hardware
Processes instructions and executes programs.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Volatile memory for quick data access.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Stores permanent and temporary data.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Faster storage using NAND flash memory.
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
Read/write data on CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays.
Optical Drives
Dissipates heat from computer components.
Heat Sink
Processes graphical data for rendering.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Connects computer to a network.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Up to 700 MB of data.
Storage Capacity of CD
Up to 17 GB of data.
Storage Capacity of DVD
IBM PC (1981) with 16-64 KB RAM.
First Motherboard
Intel 4004, 740 KHz, 92,000 instructions/sec.
First CPU
IBM 1954, first commercial hard disk drive.
First HDD
StorageTek (1978), first RAM-based SSD.
First SSD
