Midterm Lectures Flashcards by Madison Warnke

Q

What is the difference between alternative and complementary/integrative medicine?

A

(Complementary/integrative medicine combines alternative medicine (group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that not generally considered part of conventional medicine) with ‘western/conventional medicine’)

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Q

What are the 5 branches of traditional Chinese medicine?

A

(Acupuncture, herbal medicine, food therapy, tui-na, and qi gong)

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Q

Who is Fu Xi and what did he contribute to traditional Chinese medicine?

A

(Founder of the Chinese people, best known for yin yang)

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Q

Who is the father of Chinese medicine and known for discovering the curative value of herbs/herbal medicine?

A

(Shen Nong aka the red emperor)

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Q

Who invented the Nine needles (Bian Shi) and is deemed the Yellow Emperor?

A

(Huang Di → emphasized preventative medicine rather than curative, thought that the huangdi neijing is based on him)

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Q

What piece of evidence is used to support that acupuncture is at least 5000 years old?

A

(Otzi the Iceman, has tattoos that follow commonly used acupuncture meridians for back pain and GI pain (he had disk disease and gallstones))

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Night

A

(Yin)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Moon

A

(Yin)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Activity

A

(Yang)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Summer

A

(Yang)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Fire

A

(Yang)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Male

A

(Yang)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Female

A

(Yin)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Parasympathetic NS

A

(Yin)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Illness

A

(Yin)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Death

A

(Yin)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

East

A

(Yang)

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Q

For the item below, yin or yang?

Space

A

(Yin)

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Q

Using season and time of day, describe the yin with yang or the yang within yin.

A

(A summer (yang) night (yin) or a winter (yin) day (yang))

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Q

How is the consumption of food a good example of yin and yang creating each other?

A

(Food is yin but the energy it creates is yang)

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Q

Diseases dealing with skin, muscles, and bones are exterior/interior (choose).

A

(Exterior)

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Q

Diseases dealing with internal organs are exterior/interior (choose).

A

(Interior)

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Q

For the sign below, are they heat or cold?

Fever

A

(Heat)

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Q

For the sign below, are they heat or cold?

Red tongue

A

(Heat)

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For the sign below, are they heat or cold? Tachycardia

(Heat)

For the sign below, are they heat or cold? Restless

(Heat)

For the sign below, are they heat or cold? Anxious

(Heat)

For the sign below, are they heat or cold? Swelling

(Cold)

For the sign below, are they heat or cold? Pale tongue

(Cold)

For the sign below, are they heat or cold? Bradycardia

(Cold)

For the sign below, are they heat or cold? Edema

(Cold)

For the sign below, are they heat or cold? Loose stool

(Cold)

What is the Western medicine equivalent to Zheng Qi?

(The immune system)

Diseases involving acute onset or younger animals are deficiency/excess (choose).

(Excess)

Diseases involving chronic onset or older animals are deficiency/excess (choose).

(Deficiency)

What are the 5 elements?

(Water, wood, earth, fire, and metal)

f the elements, which represents the leaders of the world?

(Wood)

Place the following tissues into their respective element: Tendons/ligaments Vascular system Muscles Skin/hair coat Bones

Tendons/ligaments (Wood) Vascular system (Fire) Muscles (Earth) Skin/hair coat (Metal) Bones (Water)

Place the following Zang organs into their respective element: Liver Heart Spleen Lung Kidney Pericardium

Liver (Wood) Heart (Fire) Spleen (Earth) Lung (Metal) Kidney (Water) Pericardium (Fire)

Place the following Fu organs into their respective element: Gallbladder Small intestine Stomach Large intestine Bladder Triple heater/warmer

Gallbladder (Wood) Small intestine (Fire) Stomach (Earth) Large intestine (Metal) Bladder (Water) Triple heater/warmer (Fire)

Hypertension, stroke, allergy, depression, hysteria, and neurosis are often associated with which of the 5 elements?

(Wood)

Of the elements, which represents the extroverts and the partiers?

(Fire)

Cardiovascular disease, chest pain, arteriosclerosis, stroke, separation anxiety, restlessness, and sudden death are often associated with which of the 5 elements?

(Fire)

Of the elements, which represents the caretakers?

(Earth)

Chronic gastrointestinal problems (diarrhea, colic, etc.), edema, and obesity are associated with which of the 5 elements?

(Earth)

Of the elements, which represents the organizers?

(Metal)

Respiratory problems (cough, asthma, nasal congestion, etc.), diabetes, and constipation are associated with which of the 5 elements?

(Metal)

Edema, infertility, back pain, urinary infections, diarrhea at dawn, and depression are associated with which of the 5 elements?

(Water)

Of the elements, which represent the thinkers/philosophers?

(Water)

What are two other terms for the inter-promoting interactions found amongst the 5 elements?

(Sheng cycle or mother-child)

What are the two other terms for the inter-restraining interactions found amongst the 5 elements?

(Ke cycle or grandparent-grandchild)

Give the order in which the sheng cycle runs starting with fire.

(Fire generates earth, earth generates metal, metal generates water, water generates wood, wood generates fire)

Give the order in which the ke cycle runs starting with fire.

(Fire controls metals, metal controls wood, wood controls earth, earth control water, and water controls fire)

What are the four pathologic cycles related to the 5 elements?

(Mother affects child, child affects the mother, overwhelming cycle (grandparent over restrains grandchild), and insulting cycle (grandchild insults grandparent))

What are the 5 treasures?

(Qi, Shen, Jing, Blood, and Body Fluid)

What are the two states of Qi?

(Substantial (yin) and functional (yang))

What are the six functions of Qi, the English translations?

(Impelling/driving, warming, defending, holding, activity, and nourishing)

Which function of Qi impels growth, development, and the normal functions of organs and the meridians?

(Yuan Qi aka impelling function)

If you are deficient in Yuan Qi, what will be stunted in your life?

(Growth and development)

Which function of chi warms the body?

(Yang Qi aka warming function)

If you are deficient in Yang Qi in an area of your body, how will that area feel?

(Cold)

Which function of Qi combats and eliminates external pathogens during disease?

(Wei Qi or defensive function)

Which function of Qi provides nourishment to the body and is a part of the blood?

(Ying Qi or nourishment function)

Yuan Qi is the active form of which of the 5 treasures? Be specific.

(Jing, specifically your prenatal jing)

Gu Qi is formed by what zang organ?

(Spleen)

Gu Qi is the origin of what two functions/forms of Qi?

(Wei Qi/defensive and Ying Qi/nourishment)

Yuan Qi is replenished by what form of Qi?

(Gu Qi aka food Qi or food essence)

Describe the path of food in the body from a traditional Chinese medicine perspective.

(Food descends to the stomach where it is decomposed, it is then transformed by the spleen into Gu Qi and ascends to the lungs, Gu Qi and Qing Qi/air are combined in the lungs to form Zong Qi/pectoral and be disseminated in the body)

Which form of Qi is important for the voice, respiration and circulation?

(Zong Qi)

Zang Fu Qi is derived from what other function/form of Qi? (Yuan Qi)

(Yuan Qi)

Jing Luo Qi or the meridian Qi is responsible for the De Qi response, what is the De Qi response?

(The outward response shown by humans or animals to the arrival of Qi when meridians are stimulated via acupuncture)

What is rebellious Qi?

(Qi moving the wrong way, usually found in the stomach (vomiting) and the lungs (coughing))

Describe how an animal may present when they have a Qi deficiency.

(Fatigue, weak, shortness of breath, weak pulse, pale tongue → some overlap with cold signs but it should not be obviously cold)

Which of the 5 treasures is associated with behavior/mentation?

(Shen)

Where is Shen housed?

(The heart)

Where is prenatal jing stored in the body?

(The kidney)

Pair the following Zang fu organ with their respective orifice of the head that can allow you to check acquired/Zang fu/postnatal Jing. Liver Eyes → clear and sparkling Ears → acute hearing Tongue → clarity of speech Lips and mouth → taste, saliva production Nose → sense of smell

(Eyes)

Pair the following Zang fu organ with their respective orifice of the head that can allow you to check acquired/Zang fu/postnatal Jing. Kidney Eyes → clear and sparkling Ears → acute hearing Tongue → clarity of speech Lips and mouth → taste, saliva production Nose → sense of smell

(Ears)

Pair the following Zang fu organ with their respective orifice of the head that can allow you to check acquired/Zang fu/postnatal Jing. Heart Eyes → clear and sparkling Ears → acute hearing Tongue → clarity of speech Lips and mouth → taste, saliva production Nose → sense of smell

(Tongue)

Pair the following Zang fu organ with their respective orifice of the head that can allow you to check acquired/Zang fu/postnatal Jing. Spleen Eyes → clear and sparkling Ears → acute hearing Tongue → clarity of speech Lips and mouth → taste, saliva production Nose → sense of smell

(Lips and mouth)

Pair the following Zang fu organ with their respective orifice of the head that can allow you to check acquired/Zang fu/postnatal Jing. Lungs Eyes → clear and sparkling Ears → acute hearing Tongue → clarity of speech Lips and mouth → taste, saliva production Nose → sense of smell

(Nose)

(T/F) Prenatal jing is never excessive.

(T, must be conserved)

(T/F) Acquired jing can never be transformed into prenatal jing.

(F, acquired jing can be transformed into prenatal jing when it is abundant, usually only abundant when Gu Qi very well maintained)

Which Zang organs are associated with Blood?

(Heart (impels blood), spleen (holds blood), and liver (promotes smooth flow, stores, and adjusts volume))

What are the four components of Blood?

(Gu Qi, Ying Qi, Jing, and Body Fluid)

Distinguish between bleeding related to Qi deficiency, excess heat, and yin deficiency in terms of the presentation of bleeding.

(Qi deficiency → chronic small amount, excess heat → large amount of fresh blood w/o evidence of trauma, yin deficiency → small amount of fresh, dark blood)

What form of Qi is the combination of the stomach and spleen Qi and holds the internal organs in place?

(Zhong Qi)

Where are food and drink transformed and separated into clear and turbid parts?

(The stomach and spleen)

Where do the clear and turbid parts of food/drink go from the spleen and stomach?

(Clear part ascends to the lung, turbid part descends to the small intestine)

What occurs to the clear part of food/drink in the lungs?

(Clear fluid separated further into pure and impure, pure goes to whole body and impure goes to the kidney)

What occurs to the turbid part of food/drink in the small intestine?

(Tubird fluid separated further into clear and turbid, clear goes to kidney and turbid goes to large intestine for defecation)

What occurs to the impure and clear portions of the body fluid that arrive at the kidneys from either the lung or small intestine?

(They are separated further into pure and impure, pure goes to the lungs for reabsorption and impure goes to the bladder for urination)

What are the two forms of body fluid and where are they distributed?

(Jin → distributed to surface of body, warms and moistens skin and muscles; Ye → distributed to organs, nourishes and strengthens organs, bone marrow, brain, joints, and orifices)

What are the paired Zang Fu organs associated with wood?

(Zang - liver, and Fu - gallbladder)

What are the two paired Zang Fu organs associated with fire?

(First: Zang - heart, Fu - small intestine; second: Zang - pericardium; Fu - triple heater)

What are the paired Zang Fu organs associated with earth?

(Zang - spleen, Fu - stomach)

What are the paired Zang Fu organs associated with metal?

(Zang - lung, Fu - large intestine)

What are the paired Zang Fu organs associated with water?

(Zang - kidney, Fu - bladder)

Which of the Zang Fu organs is the monarch or king?

(The heart → most important organ)

Which of the five treasures is housed in the heart?

(Shen)

What is the main function of the pericardium?

(To protect the heart, when treating the heart the pericardium is usually also treated)

What facial organ is the window to the function of the heart?

(The tongue, particularly the tip)

Which of the Zang Fu organs is the minister and helps the heart rule?

(The lungs)

Which facial organ is the window to the function of the lungs?

(The nose)

Which of the Zang Fu organs is the mother?

(Spleen)

Which facial organ is the window to the function of the spleen?

(The lips)

Which of the Zang Fu organs is the general or commander?

(Liver)

Which facial organ is the window to the function of the liver?

(The eyes)

Which of the Zang Fu organs is the root of prenatal life?

(The kidneys)

Which facial organ is the window to the function of the kidney?

(The ears)

What are extraordinary Fu organs?

(Organs that have the hollow shape of Fu organs but functions similar to Zang organs (storage of essential substances))

What is Jing Luo?

(The entirety of the meridian system)

What circulates through the Jing Luo? Two answers.

(Qi and Blood)

What are the two components/subsectors of Jing Luo?

(Jing Mai → major trunk vessels, and Luo Mai → collaterals and branches)

How many Jing Mai are there and what do they correlate with?

(12, with the 12 Zang Fu organs)

What is cun?

(A body inch in TCVM, can be determined by looking at the space between the ribs)

What location of the body is the gathering house of all the yang?

(The head, all yang channels start or end here)

What location of the body is the gathering house of all the yin?

(The chest, all yin channels start or end here)

The lung meridian is associated with which time of day?

(3-5a)

The lung meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the chest and stops in the paw/foot of the thoracic limbs)

The large intestine meridian is associated with which time of day?

(5-7a)

The large intestine meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the paw/foot of the thoracic limbs and stops in the head)

The stomach meridian is associated with which time of day?

(7-9a)

The stomach meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the head and stops in the paw/foot of the pelvic limbs)

The stomach meridian rubs medial/lateral (choose) on the pelvic limb.

(Lateral)

The spleen meridian is associated with which time of day?

(9-11a)

The spleen meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the paw/foot of the pelvic limbs and stops in the chest)

The spleen meridian runs medial/lateral (choose) on the pelvic limb.

(Medial)

The heart meridian is associated with which time of day?

(11a-1p)

The heart meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the chest and stops in the paw/foot of the thoracic limbs)

The small intestine meridian is associated with which time of day?

(1-3p)

The small intestine meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the paw/foot of the thoracic limbs and runs to the head)

The bladder meridian is associated with which time of day?

(3-5p)

The bladder meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the head and runs to the paw/foot of the pelvic limbs)

The kidney meridian is associated with which time of day?

(5-7p)

The pericardium meridian is associated with which time of day?

(7-9p)

The kidney meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the paw/foot of the pelvic limb and runs to the chest)

The pericardium meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the chest and runs to the paw/foot of the thoracic limbs)

The triple heater meridian is associated with which time of day?

(9-11p)

The triple heater meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the paw/foot of the thoracic limb and runs to the head)

The gall bladder meridian is associated with which time of day?

(11p-1a)

The gall bladder meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the head and runs to the paw/foot of the pelvic limb)

The liver meridian is associated with which time of day?

(1-3a)

The liver meridian starts and stops where? Be specific.

(Starts in the paw/foot of the pelvic limb and runs to the chest)

(T/F) Zang is to yin and fu is to yang.

(T)

(T/F) Each of the cycles of the circadian rhythm starts and ends with yin.

(T, yin, then yang, then yang, then yin)

(T/F) The circadian rhythm starts with the greatest yin and brightest yang and ends with the diminishing yin and smallest yang.

(T)

Which of the extraordinary channels is located on the dorsal midline?

(Du aka the governing vessel)

Which of the extraordinary channels is located on the ventral midline?

(Ren aka the conception vessel)

The Du channel connects with all 6 yang/yin (choose) meridians.

(Yang → sea of yang meridians)

The Ren channel connects with all 6 yang/yin (choose) meridians.

(Yin → sea of yin meridians)

Wei Qi is different from Zheng Qi in that it has more than a protective function, what are the additional functions of Wei Qi?

(Warm, moisten, and aid in nourishing skin and muscles and adjust opening and closing of pores)

Wei Qi is controlled by what Zang organ?

(The lungs)

What is the general term to describe the various forms of Qi that protect the body from exogenous pathogens?

(Zheng Qi)

What are the four forms of Qi that contribute to a strong Zheng Qi?

(Yuan Qi, Gu Qi, Ying Qi, and Wei Qi)

(T/F) Xie Qi is stronger than Zheng Qi.

(T)

Early disease is typically an excess/excess + deficiency/deficiency (choose) pattern.

(Excess → there is excess Xie Qi that is overcoming Zheng Qi)

Chronic disease is typically an excess/excess + deficiency/deficiency (choose) pattern.

(Excess + deficiency, Xie Qi is in excess and Zheng Qi is being consumed/becomes deficient)

Successful treatment of disease is typically an excess/excess + deficiency/deficiency pattern.

(Deficiency, Xie Qi disappears but Zheng Qi will still be deficient until it recovers)

What season is associated with the Wind pathogen?

(Spring)

What does it mean that Wind is the primary pathogen?

(Wind transports other pathogens into and through the body, the other pathogens depends on Wind)

Wind is a yang/yin (choose) pathogenic factor.

(Yang, upward and outward distribution)

Wind causes vibration and oscillation so what clinical signs might be associated with Wind?

(Abnormal movements/motions, trembling, convulsions, rigidity, seizure)

What season is associated with the Cold pathogen (I wonder)?

(Winter, wow)

What is primarily impaired by Cold?

(Yang Qi, Cold damages the bodies warming ability, it is a yin pathogenic factor)

How does Cold obstruct Wei Qi?

(Cold induces contraction and closes pores which are important for Wei Qi)

Why is Cold associated with pain?

(Because cold causes stagnation, freezes tissues and fluids, and the flow of Qi and Blood becomes sluggish)

What season is associated with the Fire/Heat pathogen (I wonder)?

(Summer, wow!)

What results from fire burning blood vessels?

(Hemorrhage → firing burning blood vessels permits blood extravasation)

Which of the five treasures is particularly affected by Fire/Heat?

(Body fluid, fire consumes body fluid)

What season is associated with Damp?

(Late summer)

Which Zang organ is particularly susceptible to Damp?

(The spleen, it prefers dryness)

Damp is a yang/yin (choose) pathogenic factor.

(Yin, moves downward and inward in the body)

Damp is associated with a short/long disease course.

(Long, damp is very viscous and stagnant, body functions affected by damp move slowly or not at all)

Which of the pathogens occurs in its associated season ONLY?

(Summer Heat)

What other pathogen does Summer Heat like to combine with?

(Damp)

What season is associated with Dryness?

(Autumn)

How can Dryness lead to a blood deficiency?

(Dryness consumes body fluid which leads to a body fluid deficiency which can then lead to a secondary blood deficiency due to the relationship between blood and body fluid)

Which Zang organ is particularly affected by Dryness?

(The lungs)

Which of the Zang Fu organs both ascends and descends?

(Lungs and kidneys)

Which of the Zang Fu organs ascends only?

(Spleen)

Is the bladder ascending or descending?

(Descending)

Are the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine ascending or descending?

(Descending)

Is the gallbladder ascending or descending?

(Descending)

What Zang organ and Qi abnormality is associated with excess anger?

(Liver and Qi rebellion)

What Zang organ and Qi abnormality is associated with Joy and Fright?

(Heart and Qi distraction/Heart Qi disorders with shen disturbances)

What Zang organ and Qi abnormality is associated with worry?

(Spleen and Qi stagnation)

What Zang organ and Qi abnormality is associated with grief and melancholy?

(Lungs and Qi dissipation which leads to deficiency in Zheng and Lung Qi)

What Zang organ and Qi abnormality is associated with Fear?

(Kidney and Qi leakage)