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ESAT II > Midterm [Lecture] > Flashcards

Midterm [Lecture] Flashcards

1
Q

QQ: What ligament primarily checks posterior tilt of the pelvis and lies anterior and superior to the hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral (Y Ligament)

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2
Q

QQ: Using an apical view you see an angle created by 2 axes. 1. Line through femoral neck connecting femoral head and greater trochanter and 2. Line through transverse axis of femoral condyles. You find that it is 5 degrees, what would you expect upon examination?

A

Hip Retroversion, and most likely a toe-out gait

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3
Q

QQ: Which movement causes the most anterior hip compression with hip flexion?

A

Internal Rotation of the hip

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4
Q

QQ: Following a hip pointer injury, which is most likely to occur?

A

Trochanteric Bursitis

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5
Q

QQ: A femur with an angle of inclination of 140 degrees produces what?

A

Coxa Valgum, which will increase load on femoral head

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6
Q

QQ: In Elderly populations, which location on the femur is most likely to fracture?

A

Neck

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7
Q

QQ: Which ligament creates a foramen through which the artery that supplies the femoral head passes through?

A

Transverse Ligament

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8
Q

QQ: Extension of the hip is accomplished by the action of ___________

A

Gluteus Max & Min, & Hamstrings

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9
Q

QQ: What is the loose-packed position of the hip?

A

30 degrees of flexion, slight external rotation and 30 degrees of abduction

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10
Q

QQ: Most ligaments in our hip are built to help prevent anterior pelvic tilt (T/F)

A

False

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11
Q

QQ: Which ligament in the hip checks posterior pelvic tilt and its strength and stability help limit anterior migration/dislocation of the femoral head?

A

Iliofemoral

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12
Q

QQ: Which ligament attaché to the Fovea Capitis?

A

Ligamentum teres

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13
Q

QQ: The ___________ separates the tendon of the gluteus Maximus and the iliotibil band from the greater trochanter. Direct trauma to this area or overuse of the joint may irritate the bursa causing it. To become inflamed.

A

Trochanteric Bursa

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14
Q

QQ: Lack of blood supply to the head of the femur will eventually lead to

A

Avascular necrosis

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15
Q

QQ: _________ is characterized by a burning pain in the anterior and lateral portions of the thigh

A

Meralgia Paresthetica

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16
Q

QQ: While prone, if the patient is unable to extend their thigh, what might they do to increase the amount of hip extension they are able to do?

A

Externally rotate the hip

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17
Q

QQ: Weakness in the hip flexors would pint you to which nerve may be involved?

A

Femoral

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18
Q

QQ: Even though this joint is not part of the knee joint actively, it can still be the source of knee pain

A

Tibiofibular

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19
Q

QQ: Which force would stress menisci in the knee the most?

A

Compression

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20
Q

QQ: Cruciate Ligaments sit external to the knee joint? (T/F)

A

False

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21
Q

QQ: The ACL extends from the anterior aspect of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia and runs posteriorly and superiority to the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur. (T/F)

A

True

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22
Q

QQ: The tendon of the biceps Femoris almost completely covers the _______, and the politeus tendon runs beneath it and separates it from the meniscus.

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament

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23
Q

QQ: Which structure helps with the absorption of forces of weight-bearing?

A

Menisci

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24
Q

QQ: What is the point of reference for the Cruciate ligaments?

A

Tibia

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25
Q

QQ: Biceps Femoris muscle helps limit _______, and helps create _________.

A

Internal rotation, External Rotation

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26
Q

QQ: The pes Anserinus tendon is composed of which of the following muscles? (MACA)

A

1) Sartorius
2) Gracilis
3) Semitendinosus

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27
Q

QQ: The gastrocnemius is primarily and ankle plantar flexor, but also assists in what?

A

Knee Flexion

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28
Q

QQ: When correcting a left posterior tibia with the prone knee flexion technique your first contact point is ____________.

A

The Dr’s Right Hand

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29
Q

QQ: Balanced activity between the ______________ and __________________ maintains optimal orientation of the patella within the patellofemoral groove

A

Vastus Medialis & Vastus Lateralis

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30
Q

QQ: Which force would stress the meniscus the most?

A

Compression

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31
Q

QQ: Detection of. Superior lateral patella is found by an appreciation of _____________

A

Resistance in an inferior medial direction

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32
Q

QQ: Which of the following is not a part of the unhappy triad?

A

LCL

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33
Q

QQ: The screw home mechanism, is a combination of ___________ rotation of the tibia occurring with knee _______________.

A

External, Extension

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34
Q

QQ: The normal Q angle is ________ degrees and is slightly greater in ___________.

A

10-15, females

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35
Q

QQ: Which muscle does not make up part of the pes anserinus?

A

Semimembranosus

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36
Q

QQ: What is the distal insertion of the quadriceps tendon/patellar tendon?

A

Tibial Tuberosity

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37
Q

QQ: An avulsion fracture with resulting aseptic necrosis of the tibial tuberosity may occur from a sudden contraction of the quadriceps Femoris.

A

Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease

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38
Q

QQ: Your patient is supine with their leg abducted off the table and you are straddling their leg creating gentle LOD. If you are pressing on the outside of the patients knee toward midline, what are you creating and what structure are you testing the integrity of?

A

Vagus Stress, MCL

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39
Q

QQ: With a suspected ACL tear, which other 2 structures should you always check as well?

A

MCL, medial meniscus

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40
Q

QQ: The patella allows a wider distribution of compressive force on the femur, especially in a fully flexed position. (T/F)

A

True

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41
Q

QQ: The ACL primarily checks for posterior displacement of the tibia and resists internal rotation of the tibia. (T/F)

A

False

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42
Q

What 2 ligaments of the hip are not true supportive ligaments?

A

Ligamentum Teres & Transverse Acetabular

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43
Q

External rotation of the hip does what to the Anterior and Posterior Ligaments?

A

Anterior: Stretches
Posterior: Slackens

44
Q

Internal rotation of the hip does what to the Anterior and Posterior Ligaments?

A

Anterior: Slackens
Posterior: Stretches

45
Q

Hip Adduction puts tension where?

A

Superior hip fibers

46
Q

Hip Abduction puts tension where?

A

Hip inferior fibers

47
Q

Hip extension tightens which structures?

A

1) Ischiofemoral Ligament
2) Acetabulum
3) Iliofemoral Ligament

48
Q

Normal Angle of Anteversion (Hip)

A

12 degrees

49
Q

Normal angle of Inclination of femoral Head/neck

A

125 degrees

50
Q

Normal degree of Hip Flexion

A

120 degrees

51
Q

Normal degree of Hip Extension

A

30 degrees

52
Q

Normal degree of Hip Abduction

A

45-50

53
Q

Normal degree of Hip Adduction

A

20-30

54
Q

Normal degree of Hip Internal rotation

A

35 degrees

55
Q

Normal degree of Hip External rotation

A

45 degrees

56
Q

What is the close-packed position of the hip?

A

Full Extension, Internal Rotation, and Abduction

57
Q

Hip Extension Muscles

A

1) Gluteus Max & Med
2) Hamstrings

58
Q

Hip Flexion Muscles

A

1) Iliopsoas
2) Sartorius
3) Rectus Femoris
4) TFL
5) Gracilis
6) Pectineus

59
Q

Hip Abduction Muscles

A

1) TFL
2) Gluteus Med & Min
3) Piriformis

60
Q

Hip Adduction Muscles

A

1) Adductors
2) Pectineus
3) Gracilis

61
Q

Hip External Rotation Muscles

A

1) Piriformis
2) Gemelli
3) Obturators
4) Quadratus Femoris

62
Q

Hip Internal Rotation Muscles

A

1) TFL
2) Gluteus Med & Min
3) Gracilis

63
Q

Normal Knee Extension

A

10 degrees

64
Q

Normal Knee Flexion

A

130 degrees

65
Q

Knee Close-packed position

A

Full extension, with full External rotation

66
Q

Knee Loose-packed position

A

25 degrees of flexion

67
Q

Physiologic Valgus Tilt of the knee is how many degrees?

A

170-175 degrees

68
Q

ACL Attachments

A

Medial Tibia
Lateral Femoral condyle

69
Q

PCL Attachments

A

Medial Tibia
Medial Femoral Condyle

70
Q

ACL becomes taut with

A

Flexion

71
Q

PCL becomes taut with

A

Extension

72
Q

When assessing the knee you must:

A

Assess the hip and ankle as well

73
Q

What area of the body can give sensation of knee discomfort?

A

Low Back Issues

74
Q

What forces affect the MCL most?

A

1) Twisting, External Rotation w/ Flexed Knee.
2) Valgus blow

75
Q

What forces affect the LCL Most?

A

1) Twisting, Internal Rotation & Hyperextension. 2) Varus Blow
3) Fibular Head Avulsion

76
Q

MCL is over powered by

A

(L ->M) Valgus Stress

77
Q

LCL is overpowered by

A

(M -> L) Varus Stress

78
Q

What knee ligament attaches to the Meniscus

A

MCL (high likelihood they can be injured together)

79
Q

ACL Tear Mechanism

A

(Loose Chain)
1) Forced Internal Rotation of Femur on a Fixed Tibia with Knee Abduction and Flexion.
2) Impact: bringing knee into extension + Valgus
3) Sudden eccentric Quad Contraction (stopping/cutting).

80
Q

ACL Ortho tests

A

Lachman’s & Anterior Drawer

81
Q

ACL Symptoms

A

Sudden “pop” & Swelling ( lower vasculature)

82
Q

Members of the “Unhappy Triad”

A

ACL, MCL, Medial Meniscus

83
Q

PCL Tear Mechanism

A

(Close Chain)
1) Forced external rotation of Femur on fixed foot with Knee Abduction & Flexion.
2) Impact on a Flexed Tibia

84
Q

PCL Tear Symptoms

A

Sudden “pop” & Swelling/Discoloration of Calf Resisted Knee Flexion (Post. Tibial Migration)

85
Q

PCL Tear Ortho Tests

A

Posterior Drawer

86
Q

Menisci Injury Mechanism

A

Rotation w/ Violent Extension with potential Compression

87
Q

Menisci Injury Symptoms

A

Knee Locking Issues in a flexed position. Knee “giving way”

88
Q

Menisci injury Tests

A

McMurray & Thessaly

89
Q

Patellar Tracking can lead to

A

Osteoarthritis & Chondromalacia Patella

90
Q

What is Chondromalacia Patella

A

Erosion of posterior patellar cartilage

91
Q

Cause of Chondromalacia Patella

A

Consistent grinding of posterior aspect from proper tacking

92
Q

Internal Issues following Chondromalacia Patella

A

1) Increased Q angle.
2) Infrapatellar bursa/fat pad irritation

93
Q

Symptoms of Patellar Tendinitis

A

Anterior Knee pain with explosive movements

94
Q

Cause of Patellar Tendinitis

A

Repetitive stress to the tendon with eccentric injury

95
Q

Knee Joint Innervation Roots

A

L3-S1

96
Q

Actions of the knee

A

1) React to rotational forces.
2) Absorb shock.
3)Propulsion

97
Q

The Knee has limited motion when not in a _______________ position.

A

Closed-Pack

98
Q

Patella Alta

A

High

99
Q

Patella Baja

A

Low

100
Q

What mostly influences the Superior Tibiofibular joint?

A

The Ankle

101
Q

Movements of the Superior Tibiofibular Joint

A

S & I, Int. & Ext.

102
Q

Knee Extension Muscles

A

Quadriceps

103
Q

Knee Flexion Muscles

A

1) Hamstrings
2) Gracilis
3) Sartorius
4) TFL
5) Popliteus

104
Q

Knee Internal Rotation Muscles

A

1) Sartorius
2) Gracilis
3) Semitendinosus
4) Semimembranosus
5) Popliteus

105
Q

Knee External Rotation Muscles

A

1) Biceps Femoris
2) TFL

106
Q

Bursae of the Knee Include:

A

1) Suprapatellar (between femur & rectus Femoris tendon)

2) Prepatellar (anterior to patella)

3) Infrapatellar (between patellar tendon insertion on tibial Tuberosity & skin)

ESAT II (2 decks)

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