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MIDTERM LEC: MINOR BLOOD GROUPS Flashcards

1
Q

Location: anion exchange protein (AE-1) aka erythrocyte band 3

A

Diego Blood Group System

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2
Q

Linked to MONGOLIAN ANCESTRY

A

Diego Blood Group System

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3
Q

Mutation in AE-1 results to HS, Congenital Acanthocytosis, and Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis

A

Diego Blood Group System

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4
Q

Composition: 22 antigens, including three sets of antithetical pairs (Dia/Dib, Wra/Wrb, Wu/DISK) and 17 low-prevalence antigens

A

Diego Blood Group System

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5
Q

Naming: Named after the first antibody producer in a Venezuelan family during HDFN investigation.

A

Diego Blood Group System

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6
Q

Designation: DI, number 010 by ISBT

A

Diego Blood Group System

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7
Q

Function: Major integral RBC membrane glycoprotein, also known as AE1 or SLC4A1

A

Band 3 Protein

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8
Q

Structure: Crosses the membrane multiple times with amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains in the cytoplasm.

A

Band 3 Protein

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9
Q

Gene: SLC4A1, located at chromosome 17q21-q22.

A

Band 3 Protein

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10
Q

Antigens and Prevalence
Wra/Wrb:

A

Wra is low-prevalence; Wrb is high-prevalence and requires band 3 and GPA for expression.

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11
Q

Antigens and Prevalence
Dia/Dib:

A

Dia is rare but polymorphic in Mongoloid ancestry; Dib prevalence is generally >99%

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12
Q

Clinical Significance
Antibodies:

A

Usually IgG, reactive in indirect antiglobulin test. Anti-Dia, anti-Dib, and anti-Wra have caused HTRs and HDFN.

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13
Q

Clinical Significance
Low-Prevalence Antigens:

A

Little clinical data available except for anti-ELO, which has caused severe HDFN

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14
Q

Ytª and Ytb; found in acetylcholinesterase

A

Cartwright Blood Group System

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15
Q

Named in 1956 after Cartwright (“why T” became “Yt”)

A

The Yt System (011)

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16
Q

Two antigens: Yta (high prevalence) and Ytb (low-prevalence)

A

The Yt System (011)

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17
Q

ISBT designation: YT, system number 011

A

The Yt System (011)

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18
Q

Located on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) glycoprotein

A

Yt Blood Group System Antigen Characteristics

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19
Q

Gene on chromosome 7q22

A

Yt Blood Group System Antigen Characteristics

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20
Q

Variably sensitive to ficin and papain, sensitive to DTT, resistant to glycine-acid EDTA

A

Yt Blood Group System Antigen Characteristics

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21
Q

Present at birth, weaker on cord RBCs

A

Yt Blood Group System Antigen Characteristics

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22
Q

Absent in PNH III RBCs

A

Yt Blood Group System Antigen Characteristics

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23
Q

Ytb: ~8% in whites, 21-26% in Israelis, absent in Japanese

A

Yt Blood Group System Prevalence

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24
Q

Phenotypes: Yt(a+b–), Yt(a+b+), rare Yt(a–b+)

A

Yt Blood Group System Prevalence

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25
Q

Yt(a–b–) not reported

A

Yt Blood Group System Prevalence

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26
Q

IgG, pregnancy/transfusion-stimulated

A

Anti-Yta and anti-Ytb

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27
Q

reasonably immunogenic, not uncommon

A

Yta

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28
Q

poor immunogen, rare antibody

29
Q

No reported HDFN cases

A

yt blood group antibodies

30
Q

variable clinical significance for transfusion

31
Q

Location: X chromosome short arm

A

Xg Blood Group System

32
Q

Destroyed by enzyme treatment

A

Xg Blood Group System

33
Q

Discovery: 1962, in a multiply transfused man

A

Xg Blood Group System

34
Q

Name: Derived from X chromosome and “Grand Rapids”

A

Xg Blood Group System

35
Q

Designation: XG, system number 012

A

Xg Blood Group System

36
Q

Two antigens: Xga and CD99 (MIC2, 12E7)

A

Xg Blood Group System Antigens and Genes

37
Q

Genes: Xga at Xp22.3, CD99 at Xp22.2

A

Xg Blood Group System Antigens and Genes

38
Q

CD99 is part of Xg due to gene proximity and homology

A

Xg Blood Group System Antigens and Genes

39
Q

Xga: 66% in males, 89% in females; males are hemizygotes

A

Xg Blood Group System
Expression and Characteristics

40
Q

CD99 expression: High in Xg(a+) individuals, variable in Xg(a–) males

A

Xg Blood Group System
Expression and Characteristics

41
Q

Both antigens escape X chromosome inactivation

A

Xg Blood Group System
Expression and Characteristics

42
Q

Xga glycoprotein crosses RBC membrane once

A

Xg Blood Group System
Expression and Characteristics

43
Q

Approximately 9,000 copies of Xga per RBC

A

Xg Blood Group System
Expression and Characteristics

43
Q

Sensitive to ficin and papain, resistant to DTT

A

Xg Blood Group System
Antigen Sensitivity

44
Q

Weak expression on cord RBCs and some adult females

A

Xg Blood Group System
Antigen Sensitivity

45
Q

Anti-Xga: Usually IgG, some naturally occurring

A

Xg Blood Group System Antibodies

46
Q

Not implicated in HDFN or HTRs

A

Xg Blood Group System Antibodies

47
Q

Alloanti-CD99 found in two CD99-Japanese individuals

A

Xg Blood Group System Antibodies

48
Q

Ag are expressed by the RBC adhesion protein ERMAP/Erythroid Membrane Associated Protein in humans

A

Scianna Blood Group System

49
Q

ISBT Symbol: SC, number 013

A

Scianna Blood Group System

50
Q

Antigens: Seven antigens, including Sc1 (formerly Sm), Sc2 (formerly Bua), Sc3, Sc4 (Rd), Sc5 (STAR), Sc6 (SCER), Sc7 (SCAN)

A

Scianna Blood Group System

51
Q

Established: 1974, after confirming Sc1 and Sc2 as antithetical

A

Scianna Blood Group System

52
Q

In PNH III - total absence of DO antigens

A

Dombrock Blood Group System

53
Q

Location: Aquaporin-1 (AQP)

A

Colton Blood Group System

54
Q

Location: Glycophorin C and D; associated with RBC membrane band 4.1 Leach Phenotype (GE: -2,-3,-4) presents with elliptocytosis

A

Gerbich Blood Group system

55
Q

Found in C4 Complement Components

A

Chido/Rodgers Blood Group System

56
Q

Location: Decay Accelerating Factor (CD55 or DAF)

A

Cromer Blood Group System

57
Q

PNH III - total absence of Cromer antigen

A

Cromer Blood Group System

58
Q

Location: Complement Receptor 1 (CR1 or CD35)

A

Knops Blood Group System

59
Q

Decreased expression in cases of SLE and chronic cold agglutinin disease

A

Knops Blood Group System

60
Q

Location: Semaphorin CDw108

A

John Milton Hagen (JMH) Blood Group System

60
Q

Blood group associated with HLA (MHC Class III)

A

. Bennett-Goodspeed Antigens

60
Q

Location: CD44 glycoprotein

A

Indian Blood Group System

61
Q

Absence of JMH found in PNH III

A

John Milton Hagen (JMH) Blood Group System

61
Q

Bga = HLA-b7; Bgb = HLA-B17; Bgc = HLA-A28

A

. Bennett-Goodspeed Antigens

62
Q

Bg antibodies are destroyed by treating RBC antigens with chloroquine or EDTA glycine-HCL

A

. Bennett-Goodspeed Antigens

63
Q

Sda is associated with mixed-field refractile agglutination

64
Q

Neutralized by URINE from an Sda positive individuals and guinea pigs

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