Midterm-LaiLai Flashcards
關於犬貓生殖系統構造，下列敘述何者錯誤？ A 公貓尿道開口向前 B 狗有精囊，貓沒有 C 公狗沒有尿道球腺 D 公貓前列腺沒有像公狗一樣膨大 E 公貓有陰莖骨包圍尿道
ABE
2-1. 關於巨觀睪丸結構，下列敘述何者錯誤？ A 每顆睪丸有自己的附睪和精索 B 附睪頭端經由睪丸固有韌帶連接睪丸 C 附睪尾端韌帶將睪丸和附睪附著到睪丸鞘膜和精索內筋膜 D 睪丸被層層包覆，其中最內層是臟層睪丸鞘膜 E 最外層是陰囊皮
BD
曲細精管上皮是由什麼細胞組成的？
Sertoli cells
Sertoli cells 是由哪個激素啟動？
FSH
Internal inguinal ring 的內側為——外側為——後側為——
Rectus abdominis 腹直肌
Internal abdominal oblique 腹內斜肌
Inguinal ligament
External inguinal ring 為——的裂隙所形成
External abdominal oblique 腹外斜肌
覆蓋 testis 與spermatic cord 的 cremaster muscle 源自腹壁的——和——兩層
Internal abdominal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Sertoli cell to Sertoli cell 連接複合體是——的位置
血睪屏障（blood-testis barrier）
- 為精原細胞提供營養
- 防止細胞毒性物質進入細精管
Leydig 細胞內有——小滴，還有——（色素），和——（晶體）
脂肪
Lipofuscin pigment (脂褐素)
Reinke crystals
Leydig 細胞因為有很多——所以嗜酸；會分泌——
sER 平滑內質網
Testosterone
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)
Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release gonadotropins—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone—> Estrogen and progesterone: negative feedback->inhibits the release of gonadotropins
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)
Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release gonadotropins—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone—> Estrogen and progesterone: negative feedback->inhibits the release of gonadotropins
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)
Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release gonadotropins—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone—> Estrogen and progesterone: negative feedback->inhibits the release of gonadotropins
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)
Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland to release gonadotropins—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone—> Estrogen and progesterone: negative feedback->inhibits the release of gonadotropins
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)
Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)
Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)
Hypothalamus releases GnRH—> GnRH stimulates anterior pituitary gland—>FSH stimulates follicle (at ovary, note: both starts with “F”), LH stimulates BOTH corpus luteum and follicle—> follicle releases estrogen, corpus luteum releases progesterone
Breeding Problems
1. Failure of mate 配種失敗 (現在有分⼦⽣物學幫助鑑定公⺟) Sexing birds Stress 2. Inability to produce a normal fertile egg Nesting sites Candling 3. Failure of the fertile egg to hatch Temperature, humidity, infection of egg
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (pathologic: ovarian agenesis)
Basal estrogen and progesterone.
High GnRH, FHS, and LH.
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (anestrus bitch)
No corpus luteum
- Exogenous GnRH: FSH, LH, and estrogen inc.
- Exogenous hCG: (dog—> LH) GnRH, FSH stay the same, estrogen inc.
Female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (neutered)
No ovary (no follicle or corpus luteum)
- Exogenous GnRH: FSH and LH inc. estrogen remains basal.
- Exogenous hCG: nothing changes.
Male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (normal)
Hypothalamus GnRH—> anterior pituitary gland—>FSH: Sertoli cells (at testis), LH: Leydig cells(both start with “L”)—> Leydig cells: testosterone
Male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (hypothalamic dysfunction)
No GnRH produced, so everything remains basal (GnRH, LH, FSH, testosterone)
Male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (pituitary gland dysfunction)
Low FSH and LH—> low testosterone—> demand: High GnRH
Male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (Leydig cell dysfunction)
No testosterone—> demand: LH inc.—> demand: GnRH inc.
Ligaments of the female reproductive system
Broad ligament:Mesovarium, mesometrium, mesosalpinx.
Ovarian ligament
Round ligament
Cats: seasonally polyestrus, repeat which stages of the estrus cycle?
Proestrus—> estrus
Dogs: monoestrus, order of stages of the estrus cycle=?
Proestrus—> estrus—> metestrus—>diestrus
Anestrus is NOT a stage in the estrus cycle; prolonged period of sexual rest
LH surge 發生在哪期？
24-48小時後會？
Estrus
Ovulation
Endometrial gland 在哪期開始生長？
在哪期最厚？
Proestrus
Metestrus
Follicel 增大發生在哪期？
此時分泌什麼 hormone?
Proestrus
Estrogen
Corpus luteum 成熟在哪期？
此時分泌什麼hormone?
Diestrus
Progesterone
懷孕期 hormone 變化 (上升/下降)： Progesterone? GH? Insulin receptor? Blood glucose?
上升
上升
下降
上升
懷孕期母犬，calcium 流失主要原因？
供應乳汁
懷孕期間胎兒生長
副甲狀腺休眠
Stages of parturition
- Visible abdominal straining occurs
- Furguson reflex
- Allantois 破裂
- Placenta 排出
- Stage 2
- Stage 2
- Stage 2
- Stage 3
Dystonia 使用藥物
Calcium gluconate
Oxytocin
Agalactia 使用藥物
禁忌藥物？
Acepromazine
Dopamine
Inappropriate maternal behavior 使用藥物
禁忌藥物
Acepromazine, calcium gluconate, oxytocin
Prednisolone
Metritis 使用藥物
Antibiotics
Puerperal eclampsia 使用藥物
禁忌藥物
Calcium gluconate
Prednisolone
Cesarean section 切口位置？
Dorsal aspect of the uterine body
