midterm lab exam Flashcards
structured inquiry
when a problem its given to solve using a specific procedure
directed inquiry
a project agreed upon by a student and professor
guided inquiry
teacher provides support to guide students through their inquiry
open inquiry
ability to ask questions, share ideas, and challenge popular views and assumptions
dependent variable
a variable who’s value depends on that of another
independent variable
a variable who’s value does not depend on that of another
positive control
a sample or group in an experiment that is treated in a way that is known to produce a specific result.
negative control
a group or sample that is treated like the experimental group but is not expected to change.
hypothesis
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
replicate
make an exact copy of (reproduce)
compound microscope
a high magnification microscope that uses 2 lenses to compound (multiply) the level of magnification
dissecting microscope
to magnify and examine small objects in three dimensions
condenser
designed to transfer heat from a working fluid (e.g. water in a steam power plant) to a secondary fluid or the surrounding air.
iris diaphragm
controls how much light enters the camera and is essential for creating a well-exposed photo
objective lense
the lens that’s closest to the object being viewed
ocular lens
magnifies the image produced by the microscope’s objective so that it can be seen by the human eye
oil immersion lens
uses oil to increase magnification and resolution
cross section
a surface or shape that is or would be exposed by making a straight cut through something, especially at right angles to an axis.
drawing magnification
the ratio of the size of a drawing to the actual size of the object being drawn
field of view
the range of what can be seen at any given moment
resolution
the number of pixels in an image, which determines the level of detail and sharpness
total magnification
the combined magnification of the objective and ocular lenses in a microscope.
inoculating loop
a tool used to transfer small amounts of microorganisms from one place to another
gram stain
a laboratory test used to identify and classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure
gram (+) bacteria
thin peptidoglycan layer
absorbs antibiotics easily
purple or blue
gran (-) bacteria
Thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane
more resistant to antibiotics
pink or red
coccus
any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium.
safranin
a red dye used as a biological stain in histology and cytology
bacillus
rod-shaped, endospore-forming aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria
crystal violet
a synthetic dye with a deep purple color
grams iodine
a chemical used to stain bacteria in the Gram staining process
wet mount
a technique for examining a specimen in a drop of liquid under a microscope
absorption spectrum
a graph that shows how much light a material absorbs at different wavelengths
visible light spectrum
the range of wavelengths of light that humans can see.
spectrophotometer
measuring the transmittance or absorbance of a sample as a function of the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation
accuracy
the quality or state of being correct or precise.
Precision
the quality, condition, or fact of being exact and accurate
pH
logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of aqueous solutions
pH meter
to measure acidity or alkalinity of a solution
litmus paper
paper that changes colour to tell the pH
pH indicator
a chemical that changes color based on the pH of a solution
pigment
a substance that gives color to materials, including paints, inks, plastics, and the human body
anthocyanin
pigments that give red, blue, and purple colors to fruits and vegetables
chlorophyll
the name of the green pigment that plants use to make food during a process called photosynthesis
acidic solution
a liquid that contains more hydrogen ions than pure water, giving it a pH less than 7
basic/alkaline solution
a pH value greater than 7
calibration
the action or process of calibrating an instrument or experimental readings.
degrees of freedom
the maximum number of logically independent values, which may vary in a data sample
confidence interval
the mean of your estimate plus and minus the variation in that estimate
student t test
to test whether mean difference between two groups is statistically significant.
standard deviation
a statistical measurement of how spread out a set of numbers is
mean
the sum of all the values divided by the total number of values in a given set
null hypothesis
a statistical assumption that there is no difference between groups or relationship between variables
p-value
measures the probability of obtaining the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true
probability
how likely something is to happen.
micropipette
a laboratory tool used to precisely measure and transfer very small volumes of liquid,
chelex
a chelating material from Bio-Rad used to purify other compounds via ion exchange
microcentrifuge
a small, motor-driven device that spins small liquid samples at high speeds
pasteur pippette
a laboratory tool used to transfer small amounts of liquid with precision
DNA
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
double helix
Isopropyl alcohol
clear, colorless, bitter liquid commonly found in “rubbing alcohol,”
extraction/isolation media
solvents, sorbents, and other materials used to extract substances from other materials
sterile
free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; totally clean
