MIDTERM - kahoot Flashcards
definition of functional excursion
the distance a muscle can shorten after it has been maximally elongated
active insufficiency
decreased tension of a multiarticular mm when it is shortened across one / more of its joints – implies that mm shortening leads to low tension
passive insufficiency
occurs when multi-joint mm is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, but also prevents full ROM of each joint it crosses
functional excursion of a muscle can be affected by…
the joints the muscle crosses
AROM is produced by…
active contraction of the muscle crossing a joint
PROM is produced by…
external force, manual or mechanical – NOT synonymous with passive stretching
A-AROM is produced by…
combination of external force and active muscle contraction (type of AROM)
what is correct for application of AROM
-the motion is perfomed within the available ROM
-first, demonstrate the motion desired using PROM
-provide assistance only as needed
*NOT “first, provide assistance as needed for smooth motion”
what is correct with regard to AROM
-goal: provides sensory feedback from contracting muscles
-goal: provides a stimulus for bone & joint tissue integrity
-limitation: does not maintain or increase strength in strong muscles
*NOT “limitation: develops skill and coordination in movement patterns used”
an indication for ROM is…
when a patient has weak musculature & is unable to move a joint (A-AROM)
application for PROM
-force for movement is external
-motion is carried out within the free ROM
-ROM should be pain free
*NOT “active resistance or assistance is given by the patient’s muscles”
goals for PROM
-decrease complications that occur with immobilization
-help maintain patient’s awareness of movement
-maintain joint & CT mobility
*NOT “improve strength in weakened muscles”
when or where is PROM indicated?
-in region with acute, inflamed tissue
-when patient is not able/ supposed to actively move an area
-after surgical repair of contractile tissue
NOT: “when a patient is able to contract the muscles actively”
T/F - the agonist refers to the mm opposite the range-limiting mm in an agonist contraction stretch
TRUE
agonist stretch = dynamic ROM (DROM) or active stretching
T/F - the antagonist refers to the range-limiting mm in an agonist contraction stretch
TRUE
dynamic & passive are 2 types of…
flexibility
flexibility
ability to rotate single joint or series of joints smoothly & easily through an unrestricted, pain-free ROM
dynamic flexibility
AKA active mobility or active ROM → the extent to which an active mm contraction can rotate a joint through its available ROM
passive flexibility
AKA passive mobility or passive ROM → the extent to which a joint can be passively rotated through its available ROM
the mm & tendon have shortened but are not damaged
myostatic contracture
often caused by muscle overactivity from brain/ spinal injury
pseudomyostatic contracture
joint stiffness due to problems inside joint or joint’s CT
arthrogenic & periarticular contracture
fibrotic & irreversible contracture
scar-like changes in mm & joint tissues reduce flexibility & can stick tissues together – while some ROM can be regained, hard to completely restore tissue length
facilitates mm activation & ensures optimal relaxation
PNF stretching
devices that apply low intensity stretch over an extended period
mechanical stretching
therapist applies external force to lengthen target tissues
manual (passive) stretching
self-stretching
done independently by patient
-maintain/increase tissue extensibility from therapist intervention
-key for long-term management of musculoskeletal/neuromuscular disorders
correct determinant of stretching intervention
-alignment: position a limb to direct stretch to appropriate muscle
-stabilization: fixation of a segment
-intensity: magnitude or force supplied
*NOT “duration: rate of initial application”
stretching intervention: duration, speed, frequency, mode of stretch
-duration: length of time stretch force is applied during stretch cycle
-speed: rate of initial application of stretch force
frequency: # of stretching sessions per day/ week
mode: static stretching, cyclic/intermittent, ballistic, PNF, etc.
T/F - a golgi tendon organ functions to detect & convey info about mm length changes & velocity of those changes
FALSE
=mm spindle
T/F - hypomobility is often caused by adaptive shortening / decreased extensibility in soft tissue
TRUE
overstretch & hypermobility
lengthening mm & other joint soft tissues beyond normal length by exceeding normal ROM of a joint – regular overstretching may result in hypermobility (excessive mobility)
muscle setting will accomplish…
-decrease mm pain & spasm
-improve mm strength in very weak mm
-promote relaxation & circulation
-can slow atrophy & maintain fiber mobility during immobilization
*NOT “improve muscle strength in very strong muscles”
CI’s to resistance exercise include…
-pain & joint inflammation
-severe cardiopulmonary disease
-inflammation & acute disease
-post-heart attack or surgery
T/F - multiple angle isometrics is an appropriate choice for a patient with mild joint swelling & pain during AROM
TRUE
open-chain exercise include…
-involves motion in which distal segments are free to move in space
-limb movement only occurs distal to the moving joint
-mm activation occurs in mm that cross the moving joint
*NOT “performed in weight-bearing positions”
closed-chain exercises…
causes lower levels of shear in the joint
in order to decrease the effects of mm fatigue during exercise session…
active exercise during rest interval between sets
if mm performance is to improve, a resistance load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied
overload principle
DOMS
-caused by high intensity eccentric mm contractions
-form from tiny mm, fibre or CT injuries
-indicated by increased creatine kinase levels
NOT: “caused by muscle spasm & waste buildup”
muscle fiber types
TYPE I: slow twitch rate, aerobic exercise
TYPE IIA: fast twitch rate, anaerobic exercise
Type IIB: fast twitch rate, anaerobic exercise
in order to improve strength, power & indurance
-3 sets of 10
-10x or 40-60% of maximum effort
-8-12 repetitions for 2/3 sets
the concept of endurance includes…
-using mm force to raise, lower or control a light external load
-activities which involve use of large muscles
-ability to perform repetitive/sustained activities over a prolonged period
*NOT “muscles adapt by decreasing their oxidative & metabolic capacities”
T/F - eccentric: dynamic mm activation & tension production below the level of external resistance; physical lengthening
TRUE
T/F - concentric: dynamic mm activation in which tension develops & physical shortening of mm occurs
TRUE
exercise velocity
mm contraction speed influences tension & mm power → crucial for various movement speeds in functional activities
