MIDTERM - kahoot

Question 1

definition of functional excursion

Answer 1

the distance a muscle can shorten after it has been maximally elongated

Question 2

active insufficiency

Answer 2

decreased tension of a multiarticular mm when it is shortened across one / more of its joints – implies that mm shortening leads to low tension

Question 3

passive insufficiency

Answer 3

occurs when multi-joint mm is lengthened to its fullest extent at both joints, but also prevents full ROM of each joint it crosses

Question 4

functional excursion of a muscle can be affected by…

Answer 4

the joints the muscle crosses

Question 5

AROM is produced by…

Answer 5

active contraction of the muscle crossing a joint

Question 6

PROM is produced by…

Answer 6

external force, manual or mechanical – NOT synonymous with passive stretching

Question 7

A-AROM is produced by…

Answer 7

combination of external force and active muscle contraction (type of AROM)

Question 8

what is correct for application of AROM

Answer 8

-the motion is perfomed within the available ROM
-first, demonstrate the motion desired using PROM
-provide assistance only as needed
*NOT “first, provide assistance as needed for smooth motion”

Question 9

what is correct with regard to AROM

Answer 9

-goal: provides sensory feedback from contracting muscles
-goal: provides a stimulus for bone & joint tissue integrity
-limitation: does not maintain or increase strength in strong muscles
*NOT “limitation: develops skill and coordination in movement patterns used”

Question 10

an indication for ROM is…

Answer 10

when a patient has weak musculature & is unable to move a joint (A-AROM)

Question 11

application for PROM

Answer 11

-force for movement is external
-motion is carried out within the free ROM
-ROM should be pain free
*NOT “active resistance or assistance is given by the patient’s muscles”

Question 12

goals for PROM

Answer 12

-decrease complications that occur with immobilization
-help maintain patient’s awareness of movement
-maintain joint & CT mobility
*NOT “improve strength in weakened muscles”

Question 13

when or where is PROM indicated?

Answer 13

-in region with acute, inflamed tissue
-when patient is not able/ supposed to actively move an area
-after surgical repair of contractile tissue
NOT: “when a patient is able to contract the muscles actively”

Question 14

T/F - the agonist refers to the mm opposite the range-limiting mm in an agonist contraction stretch

Answer 14

TRUE

agonist stretch = dynamic ROM (DROM) or active stretching

Question 15

T/F - the antagonist refers to the range-limiting mm in an agonist contraction stretch

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

dynamic & passive are 2 types of…

Answer 16

flexibility

Question 17

flexibility

Answer 17

ability to rotate single joint or series of joints smoothly & easily through an unrestricted, pain-free ROM

Question 18

dynamic flexibility

Answer 18

AKA active mobility or active ROM → the extent to which an active mm contraction can rotate a joint through its available ROM

Question 19

passive flexibility

Answer 19

AKA passive mobility or passive ROM → the extent to which a joint can be passively rotated through its available ROM

Question 20

the mm & tendon have shortened but are not damaged

Answer 20

myostatic contracture

Question 21

often caused by muscle overactivity from brain/ spinal injury

Answer 21

pseudomyostatic contracture

Question 22

joint stiffness due to problems inside joint or joint’s CT

Answer 22

arthrogenic & periarticular contracture

Question 23

fibrotic & irreversible contracture

Answer 23

scar-like changes in mm & joint tissues reduce flexibility & can stick tissues together – while some ROM can be regained, hard to completely restore tissue length

Question 24

facilitates mm activation & ensures optimal relaxation

Answer 24

PNF stretching

Question 25

devices that apply low intensity stretch over an extended period

Answer 25

mechanical stretching

Question 26

therapist applies external force to lengthen target tissues

Answer 26

manual (passive) stretching

Question 27

self-stretching

Answer 27

done independently by patient -maintain/increase tissue extensibility from therapist intervention -key for long-term management of musculoskeletal/neuromuscular disorders

Question 28

correct determinant of stretching intervention

Answer 28

-alignment: position a limb to direct stretch to appropriate muscle -stabilization: fixation of a segment -intensity: magnitude or force supplied *NOT "duration: rate of initial application"

Question 29

stretching intervention: duration, speed, frequency, mode of stretch

Answer 29

-duration: length of time stretch force is applied during stretch cycle -speed: rate of initial application of stretch force frequency: # of stretching sessions per day/ week mode: static stretching, cyclic/intermittent, ballistic, PNF, etc.

Question 30

T/F - a golgi tendon organ functions to detect & convey info about mm length changes & velocity of those changes

Answer 30

FALSE =mm spindle

Question 31

T/F - hypomobility is often caused by adaptive shortening / decreased extensibility in soft tissue

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

overstretch & hypermobility

Answer 32

lengthening mm & other joint soft tissues beyond normal length by exceeding normal ROM of a joint – regular overstretching may result in hypermobility (excessive mobility)

Question 33

muscle setting will accomplish...

Answer 33

-decrease mm pain & spasm -improve mm strength in very weak mm -promote relaxation & circulation -can slow atrophy & maintain fiber mobility during immobilization *NOT "improve muscle strength in very strong muscles"

Question 34

CI's to resistance exercise include...

Answer 34

-pain & joint inflammation -severe cardiopulmonary disease -inflammation & acute disease -post-heart attack or surgery

Question 35

T/F - multiple angle isometrics is an appropriate choice for a patient with mild joint swelling & pain during AROM

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

open-chain exercise include...

Answer 36

-involves motion in which distal segments are free to move in space -limb movement only occurs distal to the moving joint -mm activation occurs in mm that cross the moving joint *NOT "performed in weight-bearing positions"

Question 37

closed-chain exercises...

Answer 37

causes lower levels of shear in the joint

Question 38

in order to decrease the effects of mm fatigue during exercise session...

Answer 38

active exercise during rest interval between sets

Question 39

if mm performance is to improve, a resistance load that exceeds the metabolic capacity of the muscle must be applied

Answer 39

overload principle

Question 40

DOMS

Answer 40

-caused by high intensity eccentric mm contractions -form from tiny mm, fibre or CT injuries -indicated by increased creatine kinase levels NOT: "caused by muscle spasm & waste buildup"

Question 41

muscle fiber types

Answer 41

TYPE I: slow twitch rate, aerobic exercise TYPE IIA: fast twitch rate, anaerobic exercise Type IIB: fast twitch rate, anaerobic exercise

Question 42

in order to improve strength, power & indurance

Answer 42

-3 sets of 10 -10x or 40-60% of maximum effort -8-12 repetitions for 2/3 sets

Question 43

the concept of endurance includes...

Answer 43

-using mm force to raise, lower or control a light external load -activities which involve use of large muscles -ability to perform repetitive/sustained activities over a prolonged period *NOT "muscles adapt by decreasing their oxidative & metabolic capacities"

Question 44

T/F - eccentric: dynamic mm activation & tension production below the level of external resistance; physical lengthening

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

T/F - concentric: dynamic mm activation in which tension develops & physical shortening of mm occurs

Answer 45

TRUE

Question 46

exercise velocity

Answer 46

mm contraction speed influences tension & mm power → crucial for various movement speeds in functional activities