MIDTERM (JANURARY) Flashcards
the study of how land and climate affects peoples way of life
geography
the study of how people earn a living and spend money
economics
the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one person to another
cultural diffusion
belief in superiority of ones own ethnic group
ethnocentrism
small hunting & food gathering bands
nomads
domestic livestock
turning point in neolithic age
a system of managing governments through departments run my appointed officials
bureaucracy
how did civilizations spread
CULTURAL DIFFUSION- conquering, war, trade
geography in grecce?
the polis (city-states) near the sea and mountains
oliarchy
government ran by a group
what type of government was Sparta
Totalitarian (oliarchy); seperate military state one person who has total control
sparta education
men/boys with harsh militaristic, oppressive, self denial, self discipline, dictatorship
women rights in sparta
manage estates while husbands were away, own property, had more rights than Athenian women
sparta’s values
powerful and superior army, no individual or art expression allowed
government of athens
direct democracy
direct democracy
citizens rule directly, not through representatives
womens rights in athens
could not own property, vote, or hold public office; women in athens had less rights than in sparta
how was athens a model for other city-states
they emphasized on pubic service and open discussion
social classes of athens
aristocrats and common people- were at odds
Draconian Law Codes
aim of reducing arbitrary decisions of punishment and blood feuds between classes
Solon
statesman who promtoes greater equality among the classes
Socrates
encouraged greeks to question themselves and their moral character
Plato
Socrates student
Aristotle
Platos student
Rome
from republic to empire
Roman republic
government in which officals are chosen by the poeple
geography of rome
few natural barriers, low mountains, easy access to the Mediterranean
social classes of rome
patricians and plebeians
patricians
run the senate and the consulate, landholding upper class
Plebeians
farmers, merchants, artisans, traders
why were 12 tables created
power struggle emerges
12 tables
roman laws are inscribed on 12 tablets. plebeians insist laws are written down
territoral expansion (Rome)
by 270 BCE, rome conquered all of italy
punic wars
series of wars fought between rome and carthage
carthage
city-state on the Mediterranean
the roman empire
the republic collapses as a result of the exapnsion
NOTE
poor farmers cannot compete with slave labor, civil war erupts
Julius Caeser
takes control and unites Rome
Augustus
established a stable, efficient goverment- initiated pax romana
Pax Romana
a 200 year span of peace and stability
Military causes of fall of Roman Empire
constant invasions from barbarian tribes (north). Roman army weakened. Mercenaries hired to defend borders
Economic causes of fall of Roman Empire
heavy taxes to support the government, climate change, too much slave labor, farmers sell land- middle class disapears
Political Causes
Government strict-loss of support, corruption- total power corrupts totally, Empire divides, Diocletian devides Rome into eat and west
Constantinople
became new capital after divison (East Rome)
Byzantine Empire
eastern rome, constantinople thrives
NOTE
Byzantine Empire- trade controlled from East to West, protected on three sides
Justinian Code of Laws
ancient roman laws are collected (based on 12 tables)- basis of law for medieval rulers
Jerusalem
holy city to jews/christians/muslims
China geography
mountains and physical barriers
why do the Chinese believe they are superior
their civilization was separated by barriers allowing to believe that they were in the center of the world. did not think other people existed during early development
Confucianism founder/text
Confucius/Analects
Major Beliefs ( Conf.)
5 relationships, superior should set good example, honesty, hardwork, education
government ( Conf.)
people are naturally good. good governments sets a good example. based gov’t on Confucian ideals- reverence for ancestors
education (Conf.)
MEN, civil service exams, only wealthy had education.
pericles
athenian politician
peloponnesian wars
athens vs sparta; sparta won
Ming Dynasty
Confucianism
Han
Confucianism
Qin
legalism
