Midterm Information

Question 1

L4 Nerve Root

Answer 1

DTR: Patellar
Dermatome: Medial leg to medial malleolus
Motor: Tibialis Anterior

Question 2

L5 Nerve Root

Answer 2

DTR: Medial Hamstrings
Dermatome: Lateral leg, dorsum of foot, web of foot (deep peroneal nerve)
Motor: Extensor hallucis longus

Question 3

S1 Nerve Root

Answer 3

DTR: Achilles
Dermatome: lateral foot and plantar surface of foot
Motor: Peroneus longus and brevis

Question 4

C5 Nerve Root

Answer 4

DTR: Biceps brachii
Dermatome: Lateral arm, Deltoid tuberosity (axilary nerve)
Motor: Deltoids

Question 5

C6 Nerve Root

Answer 5

DTR: Brachioradialis
Dermatome: lateral forearm and lateral hand, web of hand (radial nerve)
Motor: Biceps brachii, wrist extensors

Question 6

C7 Nerve Root

Answer 6

DTR: Triceps brachii
Dermatome: Midline of hand
Motor: Triceps, wrist flexors, finger extensors

Question 7

C8 Nerve Root

Answer 7

DTR: none
Dermatome: Medial forearm and medial hand
Motor: Finger flexors, interossei (mixed with T1)

Question 8

T1 Nerve Root

Answer 8

DTR: None
Dermatome: Medial forearm and arm
Motor: Interossei (mixed with C8)

Question 9

Sensation Testing

Answer 9

Light Touch
Sharp-Dull Discrimination
Vibration

Question 10

General Motor Testing

Answer 10

Approximate origin and insertion as starting point
Don’t cross more than one joint
Gradually feel for muscle engagement
Count backwards from 5

Question 11

Deep Tendon Reflexes

Answer 11

Patient’s eyes closed
Loose grip and wrists
You can tension the tendon
Avoid creating resistance (ex. foot on floor)

Question 12

Biceps DTR

Answer 12

C5*-C6

Musculocutaneous nerve

Question 13

Brachioradialis DTR

Answer 13

C5-C6*
Radial nerve
Elbow flexes and supinates

Question 14

Triceps DTR

Answer 14

C6-T1, C7
Radial nerve
Hang elbow, jerks toward extension

Question 15

Patellar DTR

Answer 15

L2-4*

Femoral nerve

Question 16

Achilles DTR

Answer 16

L5-S2, S1*

Tibial nerve

Question 17

Medial Hamstring DTR

Answer 17

L5-S1

Sciatic nerve

Question 18

Grading Scale

Answer 18

1+ = present but depressed
2+ = normal
3+ = increased
4+ = clonus

Question 19

Upper Motor Neuron Lesion

Answer 19

Hyperreflexia
Pathological reflexes
Spastic paralysis
Hypertonia

Question 20

Lower Motor Neuron Lesion

Answer 20

Hyporeflexia
Fasciculations
Atrophy
Flaccid paralysis
Hypotonia

Question 21

Babinski’s sign

Answer 21

Stroke bottom of foot in “L” shape to look for extension of big toe and fanning of other four

Question 22

Oppenheim’s Test

Answer 22

S-I stroke of crest of tibia looking for Babinksi

Question 23

Chaddock’s Sign

Answer 23

Stroke lateral malleolus looking for Babinski

Question 24

Gordon’s Test

Answer 24

Sudden, deep squeeze of calf muscles looking for Babinski

Question 25

Schafer’s Test

Answer 25

Squeeze of middle third of Achilles tendon looking for Babinski

Question 26

Ankle Clonus

Answer 26

Firm, brisk dorsiflexion of ankle

Question 27

Hoffman’s Sign

Answer 27

Flick nail of third digit

Question 28

Beevor’s Sign

Answer 28

Expose abdomen and have patient do crunch to look for deviation of umbilicus