Midterm Information

Question 1

MGA

Answer 1

Melengesterol Acetate, for Heifers and cows as a feed ingredient. It is not labeled for sheep and goats and is dosed at 25mg/head/day or 15mg BID for 14 days.

Question 2

Veterinary Feed Directive

Answer 2

Makes everything prescription that goes into feed.

Question 3

When do prostaglandins not work?

Answer 3

They do not work outside of breeding season. In season you give two doses at 15mg PGFs alpha or 100mg Cloprostenol 9 days apart.

Question 4

If you need to super ovulate a sheep or goat what do you use?

Answer 4

PMSG at 600-1500 IU and HAP 3 days starting on day 12 of cycle. Also can do Synchromate B or Steroid hormone immunization.

Question 5

What is the best way to induce parturition in a sheep or goat?

Answer 5

15-18 mg Dexamethasone IM, day 141-142, 15mg Estradiol IM day 141-142(24hrs) or you can use prostaglandin to abort before day 60.

Question 6

Is prostaglandin effective for sheep?

Answer 6

Not after day 60, it will not cause abortion

Question 7

Is prostaglandin effective for goats?

Answer 7

Yes, the entire pregnancy

Question 8

Vibrio(Campylobacter fetus ss. fetus)

Answer 8

Sheep, late pregnancy abortions, stillbirth, weak lambs, metritis and peritonitits. Takes 7-25 days to incubate and you see placentitis with edema and necrosis of cotyledons and intrauterine death. Control is through hygeine and mass medication(tetracycline) and vx.

Question 9

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 9

Sheep and Goats, early pregnancy so EED, fetal death and mummies also can cause late pregnancy abortion and prenatal lamb loss. Mom is asymptomatic but you see gray/white foci on cotyledons and control with rumensin and cat control.

Question 10

EAE Enzootic Abortion of Ewes

Answer 10

See late abortion, still births, weak lambs, deal mummifications. Ewes usually not sick, increased infertility which continues to subsequent years. See a thickened placenta with red to gray city. Can see elementary bodies on impression smears. Control with hygiene, tetracycline and vx.

Question 11

What is proper treatment of abortions?

Answer 11

Take blood, fetus and placenta samples, then give tetracycline(2grams/head/day), isolate and sanitize. Give monensin 15 mg/head/day and Bovatec 2mg/kg

Question 12

When should you intervene for goats and sheep with pregnancy?

Answer 12

If no progress in 1- 1 1/2 hours

Question 13

What are most dystocia in sheep and goats?

Answer 13

Unilater/bilateral shoulder flexion and breech

Question 14

What is the epidural dosage for sheep and goats?

Answer 14

2ml of 2% lidocaine, normally do not need an epidural

Question 15

What are some things that a sheep/goat should have post dystocia?

Answer 15

Antibiotics, tetanus antitoxin 1,500 IU or tetanus shot, you should cull animals that have dystocia incidence.

Question 16

What is ring womb? How do you handle it?

Answer 16

Failure of cervix to dilate, C-section, cervical incision, manual dilation and estrogens.

Question 17

When do vaginal prolapses happen and why?

Answer 17

Late gestation, normally is a space problem but things like estrogens, tail docking may cause. In order to treat use a retainer, buhner stitch. You should cull animals with a history.

Question 18

Uterine Prolapse

Answer 18

Happens post lambing can happen due to a difficult birth and hypocalcemia you need to clean, replace and suture.

Question 19

Balanoposthitis “pizzle rot”

Answer 19

Associated with high protein diets, clean them up and use antibacterial ointment

Question 20

Chorioptes bovis

Answer 20

Treat with ivermectin, fenvalerate, coumaphos, trichlorfon

Question 21

Scrotal abscess

Answer 21

Actinomyces pyogenes, drain..most have cooked the testicles and they are no longer fertile.

Question 22

Epididymitits

Answer 22

Normally from Brucella vis, congenital, causes spermatic granulomas of epididymal tubules. Not not vaccinate so test and cull. Use palpation and serology

Question 23

Actinobacillus seminis

Answer 23

Causes severe, acute and painful epidymitits normally in ram lambs. There are two strains so you CF test.

Question 24

Goats estrous cycle what is different?

Answer 24

More strictly limited to fall, they have a 21 day cycle and are in estrus 12 to 36 hours. AI 12 to 24 hours after onset of estrus.

Question 25

What is a goat gestation period?

Answer 25

140 days

Question 26

How do you diagnose pregnancy in goats?

Answer 26

Do not depend on udder! Feel for cervix softens at 30 days.

Question 27

When is breeding season for cervidae?

Answer 27

Sept.1 to Nov.1, they have an estrous cycle of 21 days and gestation of 247 days.

Question 28

For crevidae what is the best vx/health program?

Answer 28

Use killed products, monitor Se, Cu and parasites. Cu requirements are very high.

Question 29

What dz should you be aware of in cervidae?

Answer 29

TB and Brucella and CWD

Question 30

In ostriches what is their laying season dependent on?

Answer 30

Photoperiod, January to October

Question 31

Metritis

Answer 31

Inflammation involving the entire thickness of the uterine wall. If it only involved one layer then it is named after that layer.

Question 32

Puerperal metritis

Answer 32

acute systemic illness that is caused by infection of the uterus with pathogens. 10 days after you get reddish to brownish, fetid, watery discharge.

Question 33

What are the predisposing factors for metritis?

Answer 33

dystoica, twins, retained placenta, male offspring and stillbirth. There is also a link to hypocalcemia, reduced DMI and high plasma BHBA

Question 34

What are the three major pathogens that cause metritis?

Answer 34

E. coli, T. pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorm