Midterm II Flashcards
Variation in just one mutation at a single site on DNA molecule are referred to as:
polymorphism or single nucleotide polymorphism
Modulation of gene expression without altered DNA sequence is referred to as:
epigenetic changes
What epigenetic change reduces protein synthesis?
methylation in promoter region
Mutations affecting _____ can be transmitted to progeny and mutations affecting ____ lead to tumors or development malformations
germ cells
somatic cells
Approximately how many genes have been identified as protein-coding?
19,000
microRNAs contain roughly how many nucleotides? And when they repress transcription of other genes they are referred to as:
20-30 nucleotides
alterations in non-coding RNAs
What types of disorders are caused by single-gene defect?
Mendelian disorders
What are 2 major types of genetic disorders?
- multifactorial inheritance
- cytogenetic disorders (chromosomal aberrations)
