Midterm II Flashcards

Question

Stimulants

Answer 1

Amphetamines - Synthesized in labs rather than found in nature - Quick tolerance and dependence - Amphetamine psychosis □ Causes user to become delusional ○ Cocaine - Derived from coca plant leaves -Produces euphoria, energy, power, and pleasure - Deadens pain and suppresses appetite ○ Nicotine -Toxic stimulant that produces slight "rush" or sense of arousal - Raises blood pressure and accelerates the heart - Rush of sugar into bloodstream that releases adrenaline - Active ingredient in tobacco ○ Caffeine - Found in coffee, tea, most sodas, chocolate, and some over-the-counter drugs - Mild stimulant -Maintains alertness - Can increase effectiveness of pain relievers such as aspirin

Answer 2

○ Known as major tranquilizers -Drugs that have strong depressant effects ○ Barbiturates - Have a sedative (sleep inducing) effect - Overdoses can lead to death □ Breathing and hear action are stopped - combination with alcohol is deadly drug interaction ○ Benzodiazepines -Also called minor depressants - Lower anxiety and reduce stress - Sleeping problems, nervousness, and anxiety treated with these drugs - Includes Valium, Xanax, Halcion, Ativan, and Librium Rohypnol □ "date rape" drug ○ Alcohol -Product of fermentation or distillation of vegetable matter § 17.4% of Canadians drink heavily □ More males than females - Leading cause of disease and injury -Cirrhosis of the liver, car accidents, and cancer

Answer 3

``` ○ Suppress sensation of pain ○ Bind to receptor sites for endorphin ○ Slow down action of nervous system -Opium □ Derived from the opium poppy □ Pain reliever and euphoria inducing - Morphine □ Opium dissolved in acid and ammonia -Heroin □ Derivative of morphine, extremely addictive - Methadone □ Derivative of opium □ Does not produce euphoria, treat addiction with heroin ```

Answer 4

○ Causes brain to alter its interpretation of sensations ○ Produces sensory distortions -Synesthesia □ Sensations cross over each other - Hallucinations - LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) □ Synthesized from ergot □ Powerful synthetic hallucinogen -PCP □ Used as an animal tranquilizer □ Can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects □ Violent behavior, suicide, and self harm often associated with use - MDMA □ Amphetamine □ Designer drug known as "ecstasy" or "e" □ Stimulatory hallucinogenic □ Dehydrates body, raises body temp □ Drinking too much water and combining alcohol can cause death - Mescaline □ From buttons of the peyote cactus □ Used in some Native American religious and spiritual rituals -Psilocybin □ Hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms □ Found in Native cultures

Answer 5

○ Mild hallucination derived from the leaves and flowers of hemp plant called cannabis sativa ○ Scrapings of leaves that contain cannabinoids is referend to as Hashish ○ Causes mild intoxication, sensory distortions or hallucinations, euphoria, and relaxation ○ Does not produce physical dependency or physical withdrawal symptoms - Psychological symptoms often seen ○ Considerable exposure to carcinogens when smoking ○ Some medical benefits

Answer 6

○ Sexual behavior surveys taken during 1940's and early 1950's ○ Revealed that sexual practices such as masturbation and anal sex were common practices among adults ○ Sexual orientation was not an either/or situation - One is not completely heterosexual or completely homosexual ○ Limitations

Answer 7

○ Large scale survey of sexual behavior in the US in 1990's ○ Results did not differ widely from Kinsey's - Most participants engaged in various sexual deviance - Sexual deviance □ Behavior unacceptable according to societal norms and expectations