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Western Civilization II > MIDTERM ID's > Flashcards

MIDTERM ID's Flashcards

0
Q

The Conquistadors: 16th Century

A
  • Balboa: conquers Panama
  • Pizzaro: conquers Incas (Peru) GOLD/SLVR
  • Cortez: conquers Aztecs GOLD/SLVR
  • Ponce de Leon: finds Fountain Of Youth
  • Coranado: looking for El Dorado (city of gold)
  • De Sota: conquers Florida
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1
Q

Christopher Columbus

A
  • Italian
  • sailed for Spanish
  • arrives at shore of Bahama Islands thinking it was Asia 1492
  • voyage funded by Fredinand and Isabella
  • FOUND AMERICA
  • treaty of tordesillas by pope to keep him from arguing with Vasco de Gama
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2
Q

The Sea Dogs:

A
  • built by Elizabeth I
  • Francis Drake: privateer who defeats Spanish Armada in 1588
  • Hawkins: attacks Panama
  • Raleigh: founded lost city of Virginia
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3
Q

Boccaccio

A
  • followed Petrarch
  • one of the 1st westerners to study Greek language
  • Italy
  • translated the Odysset and the iliad
  • Author of “The Decameron” (reflects his in-Christian outlooks/ behaviors) he’s pagan
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4
Q

Leonardo da Vinci

A
  • from Vinci (Italy)
  • Renaissance man
  • Anatomy/ Golden Ratio
  • Mona Lisa
  • Last Supper
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5
Q

Michelangelo

A
  • Italian Artist
  • Sistine Chapel masterpiece
  • Argues with Pope Leo X about nudity in the work and the Pope wins because he is finding it (leaves on privates)
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6
Q

Rembrandt

A
  • Dutch artist
  • lowers the amount of work in each painting to lower cost yet maintain profit to sell to middle class
  • portrait painting becomes economic
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7
Q

The Elector Fredrick

A
  • controls vittenburg
  • arrests Martin Luther for opposing the church but lets him speak at court “diet of worms”
  • gets money as he is now higher than the church after Augsburg Confession
  • releases Martin, and shares his views of church/religion and opportunity
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8
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A
  • Antinomianism: you will go to heaven anyway so do what you want to
  • creates social anarchy
  • kicked out of Rhode Island and Massachusetts and ends up in New Amsterdam
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9
Q

Henry VII

A
  • defeated Richard III @ Bosworth field during war of the roses and becomes king
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10
Q

Anne Bolyne

A
  • Henry’s 2nd wife
  • has daughter (Elizabeth)
  • accused and charged with adultery and is beheaded
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11
Q

Katherine Howard

A
  • 5th wife of Henry (very young)
  • he can’t please her so he accuses her of cheating and murders her
  • beheaded
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12
Q

Lady Jane Grey

A

:

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13
Q

Elizabeth Compromise

A
  • Elizabeth I ends feud between her sister and brother about what religion the people should have
  • grants religious freedom as long as they support her as Queen
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14
Q

Charles II

A
  • brought out of exile to be king as long as he agrees to do everything his father would not
  • causes kingship and parliament to check and balance themselves
  • after death, James II is to be king
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15
Q

Triennary Act

A

:I

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16
Q

John Milton

A
  • 1649

- believes the religion of the people should be the religion of the king

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17
Q

James II

A
  • Duke of York 1664
  • Tries to create dictatorship in colonies
  • steals Chater Oak
  • overthrown during Glorious Revolution
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18
Q

Anne

A
  • daughter of James II
  • votes against father and is overthrown
  • becomes Queen after sister Mary
  • outlives all 14 of her kids - no heir to thrown
  • cousins of George Of Hanover (King)
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19
Q

Robert Walpole (1st prime minister)

A
  • becomes prime minister and helps King George I
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20
Q

George Washington

A
  • surveyor
  • founding father
  • U.S. Constitution
  • 1st U.S. President
  • no taxation without representation
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21
Q

Henry of Navarre (IV)

A
  • marries Marie de Medici to create an alliance with the Papacy (agreement with Charles IX)
  • issues the “Edict of Nantes” in 1598 granting Protestants religious freedom
  • assassinated in 1610 by gun
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22
Q

Cardinal Richlieu (Raison d’état)

A
  • Louis XII’s Advisor
  • wrote/ negotiated the Treaty Of Westphalia (The religion of the king should match the people)
  • ends the 30 years war in 1648
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23
Q

Louis XV

A
  • 1630
  • war of Austrian Succession
  • 7 Years War (France lose colonies and trade)
    * Battle of Quebec - lost French Canada
    * Montcalm defeated by General Wolfe
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24
Q

Robespierre

A
  • French
  • changes calendar & metric system
  • takes food from farmers and gives to poor
  • executes king and queen
  • does in 1794
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25
Q

Napoleon

A
  • defeats the British in Egypt
  • creates bank of France (stabilizes economy)
  • Concordit: brings back church (food kitchens)
  • napoleanic code (assumed guilty until proven innocent)
  • emperor in 1801
  • defeated at Waterloo 1850
  • 1st empire
  • “whiff of great shot” stops riot by shooting
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26
Q

Charles X

A
  • eliminates charter of rights
  • causes another crop failure, people are angry
    - leads to revolution on 1830
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27
Q

Jethro Tull

A
  • agricultural inventor
  • invented the “plow”
  • allows tilling of land with animal power increasing farm efficiency
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28
Q

Saint Simon

A
  • says to take profit out of business and give to state to own the company (removing economics)
  • production > consumption = wealth
  • production < consumption = debt
  • technocrats (experts with better understandings than those in sight of profit)
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29
Q

Charles Darwin

A
  • English Naturist
  • travels to Galápagos Islands in 1839
  • there he discovers finches of the islands have adapted to specific food supplies unique to each island. From this he will devil his Theory of Natural Selection
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30
Q

Charles Lyell

A
  • writes Principles of Geology 1830
  • changes view of Earth from an age standpoint
    (Opposes church
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31
Q

V.I. Lenin

A
  • imperialism is highest form of capitalism
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32
Q

Victoria

A

:

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33
Q

Copernicus

A
  • Polish astronomer causes Paradigm shift
  • solves retrograde after discovering the equation only works with the sun at center of the universe
  • his views are against the church and withholds this information im until his death bed publishing “concerning the revolutions of the celestial bodies” 1543
  • copernican theory
  • “dialogue of two chief systems” makes him look better
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34
Q

Ferdinand & Isabella

A
  • 1492 marriage merges colonies creating Spain
  • King and Queen of Spain
  • fund Columbus’ journey
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35
Q

Machiavelli

A
  • discourses on Livy…. Touchstone for political science

- The Prince (basis for the scientific revolution and enlightenment/reformation)

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36
Q

Donatello

A
  • Italian sculptor
  • art related to naturalism and humanism
  • The Feast of Herod 1425
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37
Q

Leo X

A
  • Medici pope who pays for Sistine chapel (spends too much so used indulgences to raise taxes)
  • supports the system of paying church for doing bad deeds which will still get you into heaven
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38
Q

Joint Stock Companies

A
  • creates by Queen Elizabeth

- creates greater pools of capital (stocks)

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39
Q

Tetzel

A
  • sells “indulgences”
    - taxes people on their good/bad deeds and decides whether they will go to Heaven or not
  • opposes Martin Luther in the first great reformation of Germany
40
Q

Richard III

A
  • Yorkist King

- defeated by Henry VII @ Bosworth field during war of the roses

41
Q

Henry VIII

A
  • leader of the 3rd reformation (but no religious intent)
  • divorced, beheaded, dies, divorced, beheaded, survives
  • marries Catherine Aaragon, Ann Boylne, Jane Seymour, Ann of Cleves, Kathrine Howard, and Carhrine Parr trying to find heir to throne
  • Daughter Mary and Elizabeth, son Edward
  • Son takes over throne until he dies and Mary takes over then Elizabeth
42
Q

Jane Seymour

A
  • Henry’s 3rd wife

- dies while birthing their son Edward

43
Q

Catherine Parr

A
  • final (6th) wife of Henry

- is stepmother to Mary and Elizabeth and gives them her protestant religion

44
Q

Mary Tudor

A

:

45
Q 
***
The Armada (1588)
A
  • Sea dogs

- defeated by Elizabeth I and Francis Drake

46
Q

Short Parliament

A
  • time period when Charles I increases taxes during the English Civil War
47
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A
  • defeats Charles and decides on a Protestant republic

- raises new army (civil war: Charles vs parliament)

48
Q

Treaty Of Westphalia

A
  • Written/negotiated by Cardinal Richlieu
  • political solution saying religion of the people
    Must match the Kings
  • opposed by John Milton 1649
49
Q

English Bill Of Rights

A
  • written by James Madison
50
Q

John Locke

A
  • creates legal justification to prevent James from being King after Charles II
  • says “life, liberty, and property” are things no government can take from you unless you do something bad
51
Q

George II

A
  • son of George I

- takes control of American colonies but doesn’t want it and revolts

52
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A
  • planter
  • founding father
  • U.S. constitution
  • changes pursuit of land to HAPPINESS
53
Q

Edict of Nantes

A
  • grants Protestants religious freedom under Navarre in 1598
54
Q

Louis XIV

A
  • sun king
  • building of Versailles
  • revokes Edict of Nantes in 1685 Ed inf religious freedom
    Taxes everyone who opposes him (merchants only have liquid assets)
  • makes it less economic to live in France and country loses wealth
  • causes Nine Years war in 1689 (ends 1698)
  • 1701 war of Spanish succession (ends 1715)
55
Q

Louis XVI

A
  • 1770 and husband to Marie Antoinette
  • absolutist
  • taxes high from war/ small economy
  • supports American Revolution against Britain (Battle of Saratoga)
  • revives Estates General
56
Q

The Terror

A
  • Robespierre becomes the master of the first French Republic in late 1700s know as “the terror during the French Revolution
  • part of the estates general
57
Q

Louis XVIII

A
  • Napolean actions restore him to throne
  • developed charter of rights
  • creates congress of Vienna
  • Gives French rights
58
Q

Louis Philippe

A
  • suggests restoration of citizens rights
  • Revolution of 1830
  • French Revolution 1848 - food shortages
  • July Monarchy
59
Q

Enclosure

A
  • creates pools of labor and drives people to the city
60
Q

Robert Owen

A
  • takes the concepts of Saint Simon and Charles Forer and tries to use FLANIX and state ownership to create an industrial commune (common ownership/ new harmony)
61
Q

Carolus Linneaus

A
  • 1707 to 1778
62
Q

Scopes Monkey Trial

A
  • in Tenessee 1925, John scopes was accused of teaching his science class evolution in violation of state law
  • trial revealed growing issue in America and shed light on the anti-evolution movement
  • it also affected the way science was taught in schools because many cases that came of this trial stressed the importance of evolution in America
63
Q

Cecil Rhodes

A

:

64
Q

Ignatius Loyola

A
  • creates the Jesuits (catholic order)
65
Q

Galileo

A
  • improves telescope for celestial observation
  • discovers Jupiter has moons
  • studies falling objects discovering gravity with Tower of Pisa
  • dialogue of two chief systems (Copernicus vs Aristotle) = Copernicus looks better
66
Q

Vasco da Gama

A
  • voyages to find India (spice/cotton/tea)
  • travels around Cape of Good Hope
  • treaty of tordesillas by pope to keep him from arguing with Columbus
  • first trip finds Kanu
  • second trip finds warrior tribe called Carib
67
Q

Petrarch

A
  • founder of Renaissance humanism
  • 1304 ITALIAN
  • scholar, author/poet, collector of pagan documents
  • collected ancient manuscripts through exploration of manastic/ cathedral libraries in France/ Germany
  • found letters from Cicero
68
Q

Erasmus

A
  • Rotteedam 1466
  • cosmopolitan scholar
  • “Prince of Humanists”
  • 1516 produced his own “bible” using knowledge of manuscripts
  • believes the bible should be read by the people themselves
  • “in praise of Folly” 1509
  • wanted peaceful reform of Christianity as a whole, purified church
69
Q

Raphael

A
  • Italian

- famous painter

70
Q

William Shakespeare

A
  • Shakespearean Renaissance along side ELIZABETH I

- globe theatre and propaganda plays about sex and violence to promote Queen Elizabeth

71
Q

Martin Luther

A
  • leader of German Reformation
  • writes “95 thesis” (95 complaints about church under Leo X)
  • spread to Vittenburg with Gutenburgs printing press
  • Fredrick the Elector gives him chance to prove a point and pay him off since he wants the money that is going to Rome
  • believes in Faith getting you to heaven which opposes Tetzel who believes paying the church will rid you of sin
  • Augsburg Confession which is basis for Lutherinism
72
Q

John Calvin

A
  • French Priest
  • leader of 2nd great reformation (Switzerland)
  • believes in predestination (God knows all)
  • has no issue with “usery” (charge of interest) on merchant class
73
Q

Bosworth Field

A
  • war of the roses battle where Henry VII defeated Richard III
74
Q

Catherine of Aragon

A
  • first Wife of Henry
  • has daughter Mary
  • refuses annulment from Henry so Mary can become Queen
  • divorced
75
Q

Anne of Cleves

A
  • 4th wife of Henry
  • convinces Henry to leave Catherine for her but he doesn’t like her and they get
  • divorced
76
Q

Edward VI

A

:

77
Q

Elizabeth I

A
  • monarch
  • wants all to be loyal to the Queen and England (religious freedom)
  • creates Sea Dogs who defeat Spanish Armada
  • causes English (Shakespeare) Renaissance
  • gives monopoly to people who want to voyage which cause them to ask for loans in turn for stock certificate (creation of joint stock companies)
78
Q

James I

A
  • heir to the throne under Elizabeth compromise
  • spends too much money (debt)
  • died and his brother Charles takes over
79
Q

Long Parliament

A
  • balance and check between Charles I and Charles II empires
80
Q

New Model Army

A
  • created under Oliver Cromwell against Parliament
81
Q

Charles I

A
  • English king during the English Civil War
  • increases taxes and the people go against him and he is overthrown (Short Parliament)
  • is justified by John Milton
82
Q

William and Mary

A
  • becomes king and queen after James II is overthrown in Glorious Revolution
  • outlived a her 14 grandchildren
83
Q

George I

A
  • Hanover
  • is German but asked to be king of England
  • unhappy in england
  • assisted by Robert Wahrpoole
84
Q

George III

A
  • King after George II
  • wants to be an active King, tries to maintain colonies (takes control)
  • colonists revolt against him and is replaced with George Washington (American Revolution)
85
Q

Charles IX

A
  • king of France (son of Medici family) 1500s
  • controls the papecy
  • negotiates war between Protestants and Catholics
  • dies from gold book laced with arsenic
86
Q

Louis XIII

A
  • son of Henry Navarre and king after his father is assassinated
  • his mother Mary De Medici really runs the country because he is young
  • relies on Cardinal Richlieu after his mom does because he can’t really run country
87
Q

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

A
  • 1685

- Louis XIV

88
Q

Estates General

A
  • reviews bill before approved by king

- revived by Louis XVI

89
Q

The Directory

A

:

90
Q

Charter of Rights

A
  • revoked by Charles X in 1830
91
Q

Louis Napolean

A
  • nephew of Napolean
  • publishes plan to feed France
  • replaces republic with monarchy
  • creates 2nd empire
92
Q

Charles Fourier

A
  • opposes Saint Simon
  • creates planixes (small units)
  • says “from each according to his ability, to each according to his need” which causes people not to work as hard since they know they can be compensated
93
Q

Karl Marx

A
  • writes book on creating a utopia called “Communist Manifesto”
  • synthesized Owen, Forier, and Simon outlooks to make the best “Utopia”
  • witted book critiquing capitalism called “Das Kapital”
94
Q

Thomas Malthus

A
  • wrote “Principle of Population”in 1798 which was vital in Darwins theory of survival of the fittest
95
Q

John Hobson

A
  • historian
96
Q

Leopoldo II (Belgium)

A

:

97
Q

Jesuits

A

Catholic order created by Loyola

98
Q

Isaac Newton

A
  • develops “Principea” from Copernicus, Aristotle, and Keplar
    - basic laws of physics/ how world works
    (grand synthesis)

Western Civilization II (2 decks)

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