MIDTERM ID's Flashcards
0
Q
The Conquistadors: 16th Century
A
- Balboa: conquers Panama
- Pizzaro: conquers Incas (Peru) GOLD/SLVR
- Cortez: conquers Aztecs GOLD/SLVR
- Ponce de Leon: finds Fountain Of Youth
- Coranado: looking for El Dorado (city of gold)
- De Sota: conquers Florida
1
Q
Christopher Columbus
A
- Italian
- sailed for Spanish
- arrives at shore of Bahama Islands thinking it was Asia 1492
- voyage funded by Fredinand and Isabella
- FOUND AMERICA
- treaty of tordesillas by pope to keep him from arguing with Vasco de Gama
2
Q
The Sea Dogs:
A
- built by Elizabeth I
- Francis Drake: privateer who defeats Spanish Armada in 1588
- Hawkins: attacks Panama
- Raleigh: founded lost city of Virginia
3
Q
Boccaccio
A
- followed Petrarch
- one of the 1st westerners to study Greek language
- Italy
- translated the Odysset and the iliad
- Author of “The Decameron” (reflects his in-Christian outlooks/ behaviors) he’s pagan
4
Q
Leonardo da Vinci
A
- from Vinci (Italy)
- Renaissance man
- Anatomy/ Golden Ratio
- Mona Lisa
- Last Supper
5
Q
Michelangelo
A
- Italian Artist
- Sistine Chapel masterpiece
- Argues with Pope Leo X about nudity in the work and the Pope wins because he is finding it (leaves on privates)
6
Q
Rembrandt
A
- Dutch artist
- lowers the amount of work in each painting to lower cost yet maintain profit to sell to middle class
- portrait painting becomes economic
7
Q
The Elector Fredrick
A
- controls vittenburg
- arrests Martin Luther for opposing the church but lets him speak at court “diet of worms”
- gets money as he is now higher than the church after Augsburg Confession
- releases Martin, and shares his views of church/religion and opportunity
8
Q
Anne Hutchinson
A
- Antinomianism: you will go to heaven anyway so do what you want to
- creates social anarchy
- kicked out of Rhode Island and Massachusetts and ends up in New Amsterdam
9
Q
Henry VII
A
- defeated Richard III @ Bosworth field during war of the roses and becomes king
10
Q
Anne Bolyne
A
- Henry’s 2nd wife
- has daughter (Elizabeth)
- accused and charged with adultery and is beheaded
11
Q
Katherine Howard
A
- 5th wife of Henry (very young)
- he can’t please her so he accuses her of cheating and murders her
- beheaded
12
Q
Lady Jane Grey
A
:
13
Q
Elizabeth Compromise
A
- Elizabeth I ends feud between her sister and brother about what religion the people should have
- grants religious freedom as long as they support her as Queen
14
Q
Charles II
A
- brought out of exile to be king as long as he agrees to do everything his father would not
- causes kingship and parliament to check and balance themselves
- after death, James II is to be king
15
Q
Triennary Act
A
:I
16
Q
John Milton
A
- 1649
- believes the religion of the people should be the religion of the king
17
Q
James II
A
- Duke of York 1664
- Tries to create dictatorship in colonies
- steals Chater Oak
- overthrown during Glorious Revolution
18
Q
Anne
A
- daughter of James II
- votes against father and is overthrown
- becomes Queen after sister Mary
- outlives all 14 of her kids - no heir to thrown
- cousins of George Of Hanover (King)
19
Q
Robert Walpole (1st prime minister)
A
- becomes prime minister and helps King George I
20
Q
George Washington
A
- surveyor
- founding father
- U.S. Constitution
- 1st U.S. President
- no taxation without representation
21
Q
Henry of Navarre (IV)
A
- marries Marie de Medici to create an alliance with the Papacy (agreement with Charles IX)
- issues the “Edict of Nantes” in 1598 granting Protestants religious freedom
- assassinated in 1610 by gun
22
Q
Cardinal Richlieu (Raison d’état)
A
- Louis XII’s Advisor
- wrote/ negotiated the Treaty Of Westphalia (The religion of the king should match the people)
- ends the 30 years war in 1648
23
Q
Louis XV
A
- 1630
- war of Austrian Succession
- 7 Years War (France lose colonies and trade)
* Battle of Quebec - lost French Canada
* Montcalm defeated by General Wolfe
24
Q
Robespierre
A
- French
- changes calendar & metric system
- takes food from farmers and gives to poor
- executes king and queen
- does in 1794
25
Q
Napoleon
A
- defeats the British in Egypt
- creates bank of France (stabilizes economy)
- Concordit: brings back church (food kitchens)
- napoleanic code (assumed guilty until proven innocent)
- emperor in 1801
- defeated at Waterloo 1850
- 1st empire
- “whiff of great shot” stops riot by shooting
26
Q
Charles X
A
- eliminates charter of rights
- causes another crop failure, people are angry
- leads to revolution on 1830
27
Q
Jethro Tull
A
- agricultural inventor
- invented the “plow”
- allows tilling of land with animal power increasing farm efficiency
28
Q
Saint Simon
A
- says to take profit out of business and give to state to own the company (removing economics)
- production > consumption = wealth
- production < consumption = debt
- technocrats (experts with better understandings than those in sight of profit)
29
Q
Charles Darwin
A
- English Naturist
- travels to Galápagos Islands in 1839
- there he discovers finches of the islands have adapted to specific food supplies unique to each island. From this he will devil his Theory of Natural Selection
30
Q
Charles Lyell
A
- writes Principles of Geology 1830
- changes view of Earth from an age standpoint
(Opposes church
31
Q
V.I. Lenin
A
- imperialism is highest form of capitalism
32
Q
Victoria
A
:
33
Q
Copernicus
A
- Polish astronomer causes Paradigm shift
- solves retrograde after discovering the equation only works with the sun at center of the universe
- his views are against the church and withholds this information im until his death bed publishing “concerning the revolutions of the celestial bodies” 1543
- copernican theory
- “dialogue of two chief systems” makes him look better
34
Q
Ferdinand & Isabella
A
- 1492 marriage merges colonies creating Spain
- King and Queen of Spain
- fund Columbus’ journey
35
Q
Machiavelli
A
- discourses on Livy…. Touchstone for political science
- The Prince (basis for the scientific revolution and enlightenment/reformation)
36
Q
Donatello
A
- Italian sculptor
- art related to naturalism and humanism
- The Feast of Herod 1425
37
Q
Leo X
A
- Medici pope who pays for Sistine chapel (spends too much so used indulgences to raise taxes)
- supports the system of paying church for doing bad deeds which will still get you into heaven
38
Q
Joint Stock Companies
A
- creates by Queen Elizabeth
- creates greater pools of capital (stocks)
39
Q
Tetzel
A
- sells “indulgences”
- taxes people on their good/bad deeds and decides whether they will go to Heaven or not - opposes Martin Luther in the first great reformation of Germany
40
Q
Richard III
A
- Yorkist King
- defeated by Henry VII @ Bosworth field during war of the roses
41
Q
Henry VIII
A
- leader of the 3rd reformation (but no religious intent)
- divorced, beheaded, dies, divorced, beheaded, survives
- marries Catherine Aaragon, Ann Boylne, Jane Seymour, Ann of Cleves, Kathrine Howard, and Carhrine Parr trying to find heir to throne
- Daughter Mary and Elizabeth, son Edward
- Son takes over throne until he dies and Mary takes over then Elizabeth
42
Q
Jane Seymour
A
- Henry’s 3rd wife
- dies while birthing their son Edward
43
Q
Catherine Parr
A
- final (6th) wife of Henry
- is stepmother to Mary and Elizabeth and gives them her protestant religion
44
Q
Mary Tudor
A
:
45
Q
*** The Armada (1588)
A
- Sea dogs
- defeated by Elizabeth I and Francis Drake
46
Q
Short Parliament
A
- time period when Charles I increases taxes during the English Civil War
47
Q
Oliver Cromwell
A
- defeats Charles and decides on a Protestant republic
- raises new army (civil war: Charles vs parliament)
48
Q
Treaty Of Westphalia
A
- Written/negotiated by Cardinal Richlieu
- political solution saying religion of the people
Must match the Kings - opposed by John Milton 1649
49
Q
English Bill Of Rights
A
- written by James Madison
50
Q
John Locke
A
- creates legal justification to prevent James from being King after Charles II
- says “life, liberty, and property” are things no government can take from you unless you do something bad
51
Q
George II
A
- son of George I
- takes control of American colonies but doesn’t want it and revolts
52
Q
Thomas Jefferson
A
- planter
- founding father
- U.S. constitution
- changes pursuit of land to HAPPINESS
53
Q
Edict of Nantes
A
- grants Protestants religious freedom under Navarre in 1598
54
Q
Louis XIV
A
- sun king
- building of Versailles
- revokes Edict of Nantes in 1685 Ed inf religious freedom
Taxes everyone who opposes him (merchants only have liquid assets) - makes it less economic to live in France and country loses wealth
- causes Nine Years war in 1689 (ends 1698)
- 1701 war of Spanish succession (ends 1715)
55
Q
Louis XVI
A
- 1770 and husband to Marie Antoinette
- absolutist
- taxes high from war/ small economy
- supports American Revolution against Britain (Battle of Saratoga)
- revives Estates General
56
Q
The Terror
A
- Robespierre becomes the master of the first French Republic in late 1700s know as “the terror during the French Revolution
- part of the estates general
57
Q
Louis XVIII
A
- Napolean actions restore him to throne
- developed charter of rights
- creates congress of Vienna
- Gives French rights
58
Q
Louis Philippe
A
- suggests restoration of citizens rights
- Revolution of 1830
- French Revolution 1848 - food shortages
- July Monarchy
59
Q
Enclosure
A
- creates pools of labor and drives people to the city
60
Q
Robert Owen
A
- takes the concepts of Saint Simon and Charles Forer and tries to use FLANIX and state ownership to create an industrial commune (common ownership/ new harmony)
61
Q
Carolus Linneaus
A
- 1707 to 1778
62
Q
Scopes Monkey Trial
A
- in Tenessee 1925, John scopes was accused of teaching his science class evolution in violation of state law
- trial revealed growing issue in America and shed light on the anti-evolution movement
- it also affected the way science was taught in schools because many cases that came of this trial stressed the importance of evolution in America
63
Q
Cecil Rhodes
A
:
64
Q
Ignatius Loyola
A
- creates the Jesuits (catholic order)
65
Q
Galileo
A
- improves telescope for celestial observation
- discovers Jupiter has moons
- studies falling objects discovering gravity with Tower of Pisa
- dialogue of two chief systems (Copernicus vs Aristotle) = Copernicus looks better
66
Q
Vasco da Gama
A
- voyages to find India (spice/cotton/tea)
- travels around Cape of Good Hope
- treaty of tordesillas by pope to keep him from arguing with Columbus
- first trip finds Kanu
- second trip finds warrior tribe called Carib
67
Q
Petrarch
A
- founder of Renaissance humanism
- 1304 ITALIAN
- scholar, author/poet, collector of pagan documents
- collected ancient manuscripts through exploration of manastic/ cathedral libraries in France/ Germany
- found letters from Cicero
68
Q
Erasmus
A
- Rotteedam 1466
- cosmopolitan scholar
- “Prince of Humanists”
- 1516 produced his own “bible” using knowledge of manuscripts
- believes the bible should be read by the people themselves
- “in praise of Folly” 1509
- wanted peaceful reform of Christianity as a whole, purified church
69
Q
Raphael
A
- Italian
- famous painter
70
Q
William Shakespeare
A
- Shakespearean Renaissance along side ELIZABETH I
- globe theatre and propaganda plays about sex and violence to promote Queen Elizabeth
71
Q
Martin Luther
A
- leader of German Reformation
- writes “95 thesis” (95 complaints about church under Leo X)
- spread to Vittenburg with Gutenburgs printing press
- Fredrick the Elector gives him chance to prove a point and pay him off since he wants the money that is going to Rome
- believes in Faith getting you to heaven which opposes Tetzel who believes paying the church will rid you of sin
- Augsburg Confession which is basis for Lutherinism
72
Q
John Calvin
A
- French Priest
- leader of 2nd great reformation (Switzerland)
- believes in predestination (God knows all)
- has no issue with “usery” (charge of interest) on merchant class
73
Q
Bosworth Field
A
- war of the roses battle where Henry VII defeated Richard III
74
Q
Catherine of Aragon
A
- first Wife of Henry
- has daughter Mary
- refuses annulment from Henry so Mary can become Queen
- divorced
75
Q
Anne of Cleves
A
- 4th wife of Henry
- convinces Henry to leave Catherine for her but he doesn’t like her and they get
- divorced
76
Q
Edward VI
A
:
77
Q
Elizabeth I
A
- monarch
- wants all to be loyal to the Queen and England (religious freedom)
- creates Sea Dogs who defeat Spanish Armada
- causes English (Shakespeare) Renaissance
- gives monopoly to people who want to voyage which cause them to ask for loans in turn for stock certificate (creation of joint stock companies)
78
Q
James I
A
- heir to the throne under Elizabeth compromise
- spends too much money (debt)
- died and his brother Charles takes over
79
Q
Long Parliament
A
- balance and check between Charles I and Charles II empires
80
Q
New Model Army
A
- created under Oliver Cromwell against Parliament
81
Q
Charles I
A
- English king during the English Civil War
- increases taxes and the people go against him and he is overthrown (Short Parliament)
- is justified by John Milton
82
Q
William and Mary
A
- becomes king and queen after James II is overthrown in Glorious Revolution
- outlived a her 14 grandchildren
83
Q
George I
A
- Hanover
- is German but asked to be king of England
- unhappy in england
- assisted by Robert Wahrpoole
84
Q
George III
A
- King after George II
- wants to be an active King, tries to maintain colonies (takes control)
- colonists revolt against him and is replaced with George Washington (American Revolution)
85
Q
Charles IX
A
- king of France (son of Medici family) 1500s
- controls the papecy
- negotiates war between Protestants and Catholics
- dies from gold book laced with arsenic
86
Q
Louis XIII
A
- son of Henry Navarre and king after his father is assassinated
- his mother Mary De Medici really runs the country because he is young
- relies on Cardinal Richlieu after his mom does because he can’t really run country
87
Q
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
A
- 1685
- Louis XIV
88
Q
Estates General
A
- reviews bill before approved by king
- revived by Louis XVI
89
Q
The Directory
A
:
90
Q
Charter of Rights
A
- revoked by Charles X in 1830
91
Q
Louis Napolean
A
- nephew of Napolean
- publishes plan to feed France
- replaces republic with monarchy
- creates 2nd empire
92
Q
Charles Fourier
A
- opposes Saint Simon
- creates planixes (small units)
- says “from each according to his ability, to each according to his need” which causes people not to work as hard since they know they can be compensated
93
Q
Karl Marx
A
- writes book on creating a utopia called “Communist Manifesto”
- synthesized Owen, Forier, and Simon outlooks to make the best “Utopia”
- witted book critiquing capitalism called “Das Kapital”
94
Q
Thomas Malthus
A
- wrote “Principle of Population”in 1798 which was vital in Darwins theory of survival of the fittest
95
Q
John Hobson
A
- historian
96
Q
Leopoldo II (Belgium)
A
:
97
Q
Jesuits
A
Catholic order created by Loyola
98
Q
Isaac Newton
A
- develops “Principea” from Copernicus, Aristotle, and Keplar
- basic laws of physics/ how world works
(grand synthesis)
