Midterm I Flashcards
Solvents more dense than water:
Dichloromethane, chloroform
Organic substances are less soluble in a ___ solution than in water.
brine or salt
Organic carboxylic acids are extracted from the organic phase with ___>
dilute NaOH solution.
Organic amine bases are extracted from the organic phase with ___>
dilute HCl solution.
Recrystalization: 5 Steps
1) Place compound in beaker
2) Heat solvent to boiling point
3) Add solvent to compound
4) Continue till compound just dissolves
5) Remove and chill
Extraction Steps - 1
Add base to mixture to separate carboxylic acid into aqueous, and amine/neutral into organic
Extraction Steps - 2
Add acid to the carboxylate anion to recover the carboxylic acid and recrystallize.
Extraction Steps - 3
Add acid to the amine/neutral to separate amine into aqueous, and neutral into organic.
Extraction Steps - 4
Add base to the protonated amine to recover, and recrystallize.
Extraction Steps - 5
Recrystallize the neutral.
Oxidation: Oxidizing agent
Reagent that is reduced, [gains hydrogen, or loss of oxygen]
Oxidation: Reducing agent
Reagent that is oxidized,[gains oxygen, or loss of hydrogen]
Oxidation: What is the point of the NaHSO3?
Neutralizes oxidizing agent until KI paper is no longer blue/black.
Oxidation: What is the point of the MgSO4?
Acts as a desiccant to remove water from the mixture.
What makes a good extraction solvent?
To have properties that match the product you want, for example, hexane is good to extract a non charged product. It is non polar, aprotic, and is cheap and easily boiled away.
