Midterm I Flashcards
Which file has a triangular cross-section?
Reamer - Reaming, balanced force, and watch-winding.
Percentages of mandibular canines having 2 canals?
2 = 3-6%
What is the definition of a prescription?
An order for medication which is dispensed to or for an ultimate user. It is not an order for medication which is dispensed for immediate administration to the ultimate user.
What are the three elements you need to cut dentin with a file?
- Force 2. Sharp 3. Rake Angle
What are the main goals for the general dentist?
- Diagnose pulpal and periapical pathosis 2. Endodontic treatment planning 3. Perform non-surgical conventional RCT on minimum difficulty cases
What is the purpose of the flute on the file?
It is the groove that catches debris between the cutting edges.
What are some ideal core material properties?
Easily manipulated, no shrinkage, seals laterally and apically, non-irrating to PA tissues, unaffected by tissue fluids, bacteriostatic, radiopaque, no staining, steril.
What are the smallest and largest dimensions of standardized K-file, H-file, and Gutta-Percha Cones?
006 and 140, and this is measuring the diameter of the very tip.
What is the difference between the standardized and the conventional sizes for Gutta Percha?
- Standardized is the normal File sizes that range from #15 to #140, with either a .02, .04, .06 taper.
- Conventional is sizes
- extra-fine,
- fine-fine,
- fine,
- fine-medium,
- medium,
- large,
- extra-large.
- The Master Cone Fit is Standardized while the accessory cones are conventional.
Where does the smear layer accumulate?
Into accessory canals, isthmuses, canal walls, and fins.
Percentages of mandibular 1st premolars having 2 canals?
2 = 25%
Step 5 of Root Canal Preparation:
- Working Length Radiograph Instrument: Use at least a #15 file for this radiograph, place file passively into canal near the estimated W.L. distance, not aggressively. Outcome: From the radiograph, determine the full length of the canal, determine the adjusted or calculated Working Length from the radiograph for each canal, and remember the Working Length is usually 1/2 to 1 mm short of the root length. Observe the canal curvatures and note the possibility of additional canals.
What does EDTA do? And what percentage do we use?
- 17%, it is a chelator and it removes the inorganic components of the canal and leaves the organic tissue intact, so we use this right before sodium hypochlorite.
- This effectively removes the smear layer, when used for at least 1 minute.
What are the characteristics of Calcium Hydroxide?
Antibacterial, non-antigenic, temporary obturant, stimulate apical root end closure. Very powerful. Inactivates biologic ac:vity of bacterial lipopolysaccharides which egress from necrotic’ pulps’into’periapical tissues’and’cause’PA’lesions
What are the 3 main groups of drugs for pain medicine?
- NSAIDS 2. Opioids/Narcotics 3. Steroids
Step 4 of Root Canal Preparation:
- Coronal Canal Preparation Instrument: Gate-Glidden Burs #2-4 (.7 - 1.1) and Orifice Opener Burs (BR 0) Outcome: Enlarge the orifice, enlarge the coronal canal to the mid-root area size of a #70, reduce the cervical triangular dentin, improve the accuracy of the working length measurement by removing any mid-root interferences, improve the depth of irrigation solution penetration.
What are the five main types of endodontic treatments and procedures?
- Conventional RCT 2. Non-surgical Retreatment 3. Surgical Retreatment 4. Traumatic Dental Injuries 5. Dental Implants
What is Azithromycin made of?
Amoxicillin and Clavulonic Acid
What are the 5 objectives of access openings?
- Remove all caries 2. Conserve sound tooth structure 3. Unroof pulp chamber and remove all coronal pulp tissue 4. Locate all canal orifices 5. Establish straight or direct line access
What are the main Aldehydes?
- Formaldehydes (Formocresol) Used for pulpectomy/pulpotomy to fix remaining pulp tissue. 2. Gluteraldehydes
What are the minimum difficulty cases for additional considerations in the AAE assessment form?
- Uncomplicated crown fracture of mature or immature tooth 2. No previous endodontic treatment history 3. None or mild periodontal disease
How do you place sealer?
Use the Master Apical File and spin in reverse with hand, then use the gutta percha point to coat the canal walls, then use paper point, or you can use the lentulo spiral which isn’t the best, and the syringe which is the single cone technique.
How does the Warm Vertical Compaction technique work for obturation?
You do a Master Cone Fit, and then apply heated plugger deep to separate the cone and heat and soften apical section, then you apply apical pressure to produce hydraulic force to softened gutta percha, moving it apically and laterally. And then additional gutta percha sections are added similarly in an incremental fashion to orifice.
Step 6 of Root Canal Preparation:
- Apical Configuration/Gauging Instrument: Small K files #8-20. Use passively to determine apical gauging and canal size. Use a #10 file to establish apical patency. Outcome: Determine the Patency File size, determine the Initial Apical File size, which is the first file that binds at the WL. Estimate the Master Apical File size, which is the size that will be used to clean the apical canal at the working length. (The MAF is usually 3-4 file sizes larger than the IAF)
What are some of the irrigation techniques with removing the smear layer?
Every 2-3 files you should change, agitate with small file like a #10 or #15, endoactivator, use small side-vented needle, keep chamber wet, alternate NaOCl with 17% Aqueous EDTA.
Which file has a teardrop cross-section?
Hedstrom - Filing, circumferential, and watch-winding.
Percentages of maxillary 1st premolars having 2 canals? 3 canals?
2 = 60-80% 3 = 6%
Why do we remove the smear layer?
So filling material adapts better to the canal wall, to get better adhesion of sealer to dentin, and to get better tubular penetration of sealer.
What does taper mean?
It means that the file diameter is getting 0.02 mm wider per millimeter increase at D0 towards D16.
Percentages of mandibular 2nd molar root canals
Distal Root 2 canals = 5-8%
What are the main Halides?
- Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) 2. Iodine -These are potent bacterial or viral killers.
What are K-files used for?
They are like reamers, but have spirals much closer together. They are used to plane and smooth the walls of the root canal.
Important characteristics of Schedule III-V controlled substances?
These may be oral, written, or faxed. Refills are ok and by call-in.
Percentages of maxillary 2nd premolars having 2 canals?
2 = 10-20%
What does the smear layer mainly consist of?
Organic and inorganic substances as well as fragments of odontoblastic processes, various species of bacteria, and necrotic debris.
What are the main 4 categories that medications are prescribed for?
- Pain 2. Infection 3. Anxiety 4. Muscle Relaxant
What are the teeth with almost always 1 canal only?
Maxillary anteriors, palatal and distobuccal roots of maxillary molars.
What is the acronym for the colors of the file sizes?
PiGPu, and then Why Your Rain Bow Green Black? Pink, Grey, Purple……White, Yellow, Red, Blue, Green, Black. These all apply to the 0.20 taper.
What is the process/technique for placing gutta percha?
The Master Cone Fit (usually same as MAF) is fit to within .05-1mm of WL. Or you can take a little larger size, dip the tip in chlorophorm, dip it in the sealer, and push it the last 1.5mm. Some radiographically firm after this, most don’t. Then for the lateral condensation technique, you place the Master, use the spreader to create space for accessory points, and this is all to within 2-3mm of WL. You have about 6 seconds to place the accessory points to fill space, and you repeat this to coronal 1/3. Then you sear excess with heated plugger (glick). Then you vertically compact with double-ended plugger (5/7) and then you clean the chamber with alcohol-soaked cotton pellet.
What are the 4 main types of core material?
- Gutta Percha
- Silver Cones (oxidizes if exposed to water, and stains tissue)
- Paste Fillers (Calcium Hydroxide for temporary purposes), Sargenti (paraformaldehyde), Russian Red.
- Hot dog on a stick (Thermafil, Gutta-Core)
What is the best way to clear apical debris?
Use the Master Apical File to working length, and do apical patency with a #10 K file 0.5mm-1mm away one more time.
What are the 4 main endodontic access principles?
- Outline form 2. Convenience Form 3. Caries Removal 4. Toilet of Canal (prevent blockage, clean it out)
What are the minimum difficulty cases for patient considerations in the AAE assessment form?
- ASA class I 2. No history of anesthesia problems 3. Cooperative and Compliant 4. No limitation in ability to open mouth 5. No gag reflex 6. No pain or swelling
What are the names of the two diameters near the apex?
The minor apical diameter and the major apical diameter.
What are the 5 main uses for intracanal medicaments?
- Antibacterial
- Enhance anesthesia
- Render canal contents inert
- Control persistent inflammation
- Control post-treatment pain
Step 2 of Root Canal Preparation:
- Find Canal, Explore, Negotiate Instrument: K-Files, #8, #10, and #15. Watch-wind and pull out, up/down, and circumferential filing. Outcome: Identify all canals, determine canal patency, smooth the canal, and agitate irrigation solution to dissolve pulp tissue. You can use the DG16 (explorer) to feel around the orifices.
