Midterm I

Question 1

What is a hormone?

Answer 1

A chemical messenger that sends signals to receptors it binds to through our bloodstream. They are produced by glands that are a part of the endocrine system.

Question 2

How is a hormone similar to a neurotransmitter?

Answer 2

Hormones + neurotransmitters are both chemical messengers that bind to receptors and send signals

Question 3

How do hormones get released into the body?

Answer 3

They are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body, affecting any cells that contain receptors for them

Question 4

When hormones spread, they are _____, _____, and _____

Answer 4

widespread, slower to take effect, and longer lasting

Question 5

The endocrine system releases _____ into the _____ to regulate several important bodily functions

Answer 5

hormones, bloodstream

Question 6

Hormones are controlled by interactions through _____ and _____, which allows us to regulate bodily functions

Answer 6

hypothalamus (in the central nervous system), pituitary gland (in the endocrine system)

Question 7

Which part(s) of the brain control the release of several important hormones?

Answer 7

hypothalamus, pituitary gland

Question 8

The effects of hormones are ______ than the effects of neurotransmitters

Answer 8

longer-lasting than

Question 9

What is the hippocampus primarily involved with?

Answer 9

learning and memory

Question 10

What is the substantia nigra responsible for?

Answer 10

creating and releasing dopamine – a neurotransmitter

Question 11

What is a pituitary gland sometimes known as, and what can you infer from this name?

Answer 11

It’s known as the “master gland”, denoting its messenger hormones control all other glands in the endocrine system

Question 12

What body part does the pituitary gland work closely with?

Answer 12

hypothalamus (CNS)

Question 13

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 13

descends from the hypothalamus at the base of the brain

Question 14

What are the three main functions of the pituitary gland?

Answer 14

secretes growth hormone, endorphins for pain relief, releases other key hormones that regulate fluid levels in the body

Question 15

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 15

the neck

Question 16

What three things do the hormones released by the thyroid gland help regulate?

Answer 16

growth, metabolism, appetite

Question 17

What is the difference between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and how is it treated?

Answer 17

too much thyroxine in hyper- causes agitation, bulging eyes, weight loss, and too little hormones causes tiredness and feeling cold

Question 18

What hormone does the thyroid secrete too much of if you have hyperthyroidism?

Answer 18

thyroxine

Question 19

If you are experiencing weight loss, feel agitated, and your eyes are bulging, what are you suffering from?

Answer 19

hyperthyroidism

Question 20

If your symptoms are that you feel cold all the time and you’re suffering from tiredness, what disorder could you be suffering from?

Answer 20

hypothyroidism

Question 21

What is the significance of the pituitary gland being close to the hypothalamus at the base of the brain?

Answer 21

it carries out instructions from the hypothalamus

Question 22

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Answer 22

in the forebrain, located beneath the cerebral cortex towards the base of the brain

Question 23

Which system is the hypothalamus a part of?

Answer 23

the limbic system

Question 23

What is the difference between a hormone and a neurotransmitter?

Answer 23

Hormones have longer lasting effects, and they are secreted through the bloodstream with widespread impact, unlike neurotransmitters which are localized because they are released in close proximity to the cells that contain their receptors

Question 24

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 24

on top of our kidneys

Question 25

What is the function of the adrenal glands?

Answer 25

stress response

Question 26

Name the two hormones secreted by the adrenal glands

Answer 26

epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)