Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Society and Culture > Midterm Help > Flashcards

Midterm Help Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who is Franz Boas?

A

The father of anthropology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Franz boas want to do?

A

Preserve cultures that are dying out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What article did Franz Boas write and about who?

A

The potlatch and the Kwakiutl people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the potlatch?

A

Potlatch means distribution of property. It is a custom mostly concerned with “the interest-bearing investment of property”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is culture?

A

Something that is learned/taught, something shared among members of a social group, and something that is central to individuals and always changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name three practices and beliefs exemplified in the Potlatch.

A
  • Acquiring debt
  • Trading blankets
  • Rivalry and status
  • Destroying valuable items
  • Grease feasts (Feed of destruction)
  • Enforced generosity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main idea of having a potlatch?

A

Demonstrating wealth by giving great festivals, being able to destroy a lot of valuable items, defeating enemies, etc.
*Wealth is honorable because it allows you to give away wealth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who are the Nacirema?

A

American backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who wrote the article on the Nacirema and what was the point of writing this article?

A

Horace Miner, to make the familiar strange and the strange familiar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name five types of culture systems

A
  • Family/Kinship
  • Gender+sexuality
  • Religion
  • Nationalism/Race/Ethnicity
  • Economic life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define cultural universalism

A

Things that every society + culture posesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What theory did Charles Darwin claim about the evolution of a species?

A

There is a linear evolution of species from simple to complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Biological Determinism and note what theory this defends

A

Genetically inherited difference b/w populations are important influences on cultural differences. This defends racism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Unilinear Evolutionism

A

Claims that all human ways of life pass through a similar sequence of stages in their development. Defining the progress of a culture is arbitrary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who was E.B. Taylor and what did he want to prove?

A

A cultural evolutionist that wanted to explain creation w/o god

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Animism

A

Ppl who believed in natural spirits- trees, water, heavenly beings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who is Lewis Henry Morgan?

A

Believed in 3 stages to human progress : Savagery, barbarism, civilization. Worked w/t Iroquois + focused on kinship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define Cultural Relativism and who came up with it

A

Cultures are all societies that exist on their own terms. Franz Boas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define Salvage Ethnography

A

Trying to collect as much info as possible before a society goes extinct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who wrote Seasonal Variation of the Eskimo?

A

Marcel Mauss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the summer habit of the Eskimos?

A

Families live in tents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the winter habit of the Eskimos?

A

Eskimos build houses instead of tents called a long-house. Long houses were inhabited by many families.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define Kashim

A

An enlarged winter house, the communal house of the entire settlement. Only has seats. Religious ceremonies take place here.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the use of both summer and winter dwellings called?

A

Dual morphology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define geographical volume

A

The space actually occupied by a particular society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define mental volume

A

The geographical area that the society succeeds in encompassing in its thought

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the main causes of Eskimo seasonal variation

A
  • They have no interest in changing their ways/updating their tech. (shows an intrinsic desire to maintain traditionI
  • Live a nomadic life bc their food sources move
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Don’t forget about the film Nanook of the north and the staged portrayal of the Eskimos

A

Cool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Define environmental anthropology

A

The relationship b/w the env. and society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the 4 types of env. relationships?

A
  • Hunting and gathering
  • Agriculture
  • Herding/Pastoralism
  • Industrialism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define reciprocal sharing

A

Used in hunting and gathering bc nature is unpredictable. aka moral economy. Everybody is sharing food, tools, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define pastoralism and name a group that practiced this

A

Herders that acquire food by raising and subsisting on domesticated animals. The Nuer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are some negative effects of using agriculture

A

Sedentary, permanent settlements are formed, power is concentrated in the gov. and the gov./states start to collects taxes to pay the gov. to provide services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Define horticulture and give an exmaple

A

Man is the main source of labor

Ex: Slash and burn agriculture, swidden agriculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Define Industrialized agriculture

A

Requires irrigation +fertilization, surplus food can be traded, machine is the main source of labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does industrialism shield us from?

A

The environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Define Environmental Determinism

A

The idea that human and cultural differences can be directly attributed to physical differences in their env.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Does the Nuer live in accordance with env. deter. or nah?

A

No, they are influenced by pastoralism, tribes live independently of the env.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Who is Julian Steward

A

Father of ecological anthropology

40
Q

Note

A

Dont forget Eskimo=Inuit

41
Q

Who wrote the Argonauts?

A

Malinowski

42
Q

What was the purpose of Malinowski writing Argonauts?

A

To stress importance of being amongst the actual ppl.+not just a visitor. To criticize the ideology of colonialism+colonial expansion, shows that we should see people as equals.

43
Q

Who wrote the Article “Subject, method, and scope” and what is it about?

A

Malinowski. Argues that the anthropologist is not just the common white guy that goes off to far away places to study people. His subject was the Kula. His method was asking specific questions, writing field notes, a scientific one. Scope is to not think of the societies as savage. Wants to define how community works

44
Q

Who is Alfred Cort Haddson and what was he known for?

A

Zoologist, for the first time info. was collected directly from the natives. Ideas about culture were no longer theoretical. Collected knowledge on kinship+family.

45
Q

Who is James Frazer and what did he believe in?

A

Claimed that man progressed from magic to religion to science. “The Golden Bough.” Studied religious beliefs.

46
Q

Define rapoor

A

Gaining the respect/friendship of the natives- helps to gain a key native informant.

47
Q

Radcliffe Brown

A

All parts of a local culture plays a role in the working of all the other parts

48
Q

Malinowski

A

The function of culture is to meet individual needs

49
Q

Forms of exchange are

A

Generalized reciprocity: redistribution, having rituals of giving
Negative reciprocity: Bartering
Balanced reciprocity: Gift, prestige

50
Q

What is Hau

A

When you give something there is a part of the spirit tat wants something in return

51
Q

The Kula system

A

a system of recirculating resources and gifts, prestige and competition is associated with the giving of good gifts. no punishment for giving a lousy gift

52
Q

Why do ppl. have religion? Answer from the intellectual cognitive approaach

A

Bc ppl want explanations

53
Q

Why do ppl have religion? Answer from the psychological approach

A

Peeps get a psychological satisfaction from religion, helps cope with morality, like therapy

54
Q

Why do ppl have religion? Answer from the sociological approach

A

Religion is a social institution that disciplines un in the values we are supposed to hold

55
Q

Define ritual

A

Organized stereotyped, symbolic behaviors intended to influence supernatural powers

56
Q

Define symbol

A

Something that represents, connotes, or calls to mind something else- not universal, somewhat arbitrary Ex: degrees+awards

57
Q

What is the Rhodes Livingstone Institution

A

The first institution established in Africa- The turners resided here

58
Q

Cognatic descent

A

You get to choose where you live, based on land resources

59
Q

Unilinear lineage

A

Patrilineal+Matrilineal

60
Q

Nonunilinear lineage

A

Choose which side to trace lineage

61
Q

Cohabitation

A

Having kids later in life

62
Q

Myerhoff

A

Number our days, aging, the urban ghetto, diaspora, community. Learning how kinship is made through circumstance and not blood relation. Community is a means of establishing continuity

63
Q

Weston

A

Families we choose, exiles from kinship. kinship+exclusiion, nuclear family (gay),

64
Q

Max Weber

A

What drives individuals to do what they do? interested in the purpose and meaning that individuals attach to their actions

65
Q

Clifford Geertz

A

Semiotic analysis, the wink, culture is a system of signs

66
Q

Define Norm

A

rules about how people ought to act in certain situations, or about how particular ppl should act towards other ppl

67
Q

Define Value

A

Shared ideas/standards about the worthiness of goals and lifestyles

68
Q

Sexual Dimorphism

A

The physical differences b/w men and women

69
Q

What are the five sexes and who wrote the five sexes are not enough

A

Male, female, merm, ferm, hermaphrodite, Fausto sterling

70
Q

Define Biopower-Foucalt

A

A mode of social discipline established through the power over our bodies Ex: cutting heads off in public

71
Q

Gender Stratification

A

The degree to which humans groups allocate material and social rewards to women and men based on their gender

72
Q

Performative Utterances

A

Gender is created by doing a specific set pf actions Ex: the way we talk, dress, etc

73
Q

Horatio Alger myth

A

Rags to riches story

74
Q

The book Capital argued…

A

That making policies like redistributing wealth is crucial t helping alleviate the natural tendency of capitalism to make inequality

75
Q

Examples of ranked (prestige) societies

A

How much you give holds your rank, instead of how much you have

76
Q

Examples of Stratified societies (class vs caste)

A

Colonial India, there are rules about marriage, physical boundaries, etc.

77
Q

Pierre Bourdieu belief

A

Education was a system that reproduced the same social standing

78
Q

Define meritocracy

A

Success is based on your merit/personal qualifications

79
Q

Define social reproduction

A

The process in which the same class position is passed on from generation to generation in a family

80
Q

Define Habitus

A

Conditions of possibility - “The dispositions, self-perceptions, sensibilities, and tastes developed in response to external influence over a lifetime that shape one’s conception of the world and where one fits into it”

81
Q

Define Cultural capital

A

The knowledge, habits, and tastes learned from parents and family that individuals can use to gain access to scarce and valuable resources in society

82
Q

Embodied

A

Manners, accents

83
Q

Objectified

A

Clothing, prestige, make up,

84
Q

Institutionalized

A

Diploma, degree

85
Q

Paul Willis

A

Foot soldiers of modernity. Learning to labor. The lads, how class is formed. Three waves of modernity: cultural response to the state, loss of manufacturing and a crisis of identity, common culture-new forms of social identities

86
Q

Yan Hairong

A

New Masters new servants. Shift from agriculture to manufacturing, formation of new middle class

87
Q

Define Suzhi

A

Quality, sense and sensibility of the self in a market of economy, human value

88
Q

Who wrote the The Forest of Symbols and what was it about

A

Turner, the Ndembu people milk tree, life crisis, affliction

89
Q

Who wrote the Egg and the Sperm

A

Emily Martin, it was about how language is used to give the sperm a more elevated position than the egg in reproduction

90
Q

Who wrote the Five Sexes are not enough

A

Fausto-Sterling, there are more sexes than the binormative two

91
Q

Who wrote Waiting and watching

A

Rapp, the anxiety of pregnancy, liminality

92
Q

Who wrote the Anti politics machine

A

Ferguson, about Lesotho and the World Bank

93
Q

Who wrote Displaced in the DR?

A

Nolan, citizenship in DR

94
Q

Who wrote Insurgent citizenship?

A

Holsten, about citizenship in Brazil

95
Q

Who wrote Red Tape?

A

Gupta, About how the state has many different definitions

96
Q

Who wrote foot soldiers of modernity?

A

Paul Willis, about the lads

97
Q

Who wrote New Masters New servants: women workers in China?

A

Yan Hairong

Human Society and Culture (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions