Midterm Glossary Flashcards
Ageneois
literally, beardless, a term used to disgnate an age category for competitors between the category for paides (children) and that for andres. The specific age limits for the ageneois category varied from place to place but were generally for the late teens. By the Hellenistic peiod, this category was in use for nearly all agmes including Pythian, Isthmian, and Nemean but it was never adopted at Olympia which retained two basic categories: boys and men.
Agora
Agora: the marketplace of every city; usually an open square surrounded by buldings
Akoniti
Akoniti: literally means, dustless, a term used to designate a victor who had won without a contest.
Andres
Andres: literally,men. Used as a technical term for the oldest age categories
Anephedros
Anephedros: literally without a seat; used to describe someone who had won without a bye
Apodyterion
Apodyterion: an undressing room, usually in the palaistra or gymnasion; where athletes disrobed prior to practice
Arete
Arete: no English equivalent but includes the concepts of excellence, goodness, manliness, valor, nobility, and virtue. It existed in every ancient Greek and was at the time, a goal to be sought and reached for by every Greek.
Aryballos
Aryballos: a small vessel, used for the oil of an athlete
Boule
Boule: the council or state in a city-state, the Olympic boule consisted of 50 Eleans who hadgeneral control over the Olympic festival
Choregos
Choregos: a private citizen who undertook economic sponsorship of a festival or a team
Diazome/Periozme
Diazome; loincloth , synonymous with the perizoma
Didaskelion
Didaskelion: literally the place of the didaskalos; a classroom, the place of training the mind as compared to the palaistra
Ekecheira
Ekecheiria: literally a hold of hands; usually referring to the cessation of hostilities, a truce, especially the sacred true of the games
Ephebos
Ephebos: a young man who had reached the age (18) of training for and ultimately entry to citizenship. His training was called ephebic and was crucial to the state’s continual revival in the creation of a citizen’s military reserve
EROS
Eros: is a god who helps with the safety of the city-state. He is united with Hermes (God of speech) and Heracles (God of strength) in the gymnasia and when this happenes, friendship and harmony are born and through them the most beautiful freedom grows for their partakers
Euandria
Euandria: manliness, physical fitness; a competition in the local games wrapped up with the civic self-image
Gymnasion
Gymnasion: distinct from palaistra athlough the two buildings were often connected. Gymnasion consists of covered practice track and parallel to this is the open air track
Hermaia
Hermaia: competitions dedicated to Hermes representing the physical side of education in the gymnasion
Mouseai
Mouseia: competitions dedicated to the muses representing the intellectual side of education in the gymnasion
Paidagogos
Paidagogos: a kind of tutorand chaperon for a young boy; frequently a slave who took the boy to school and home again
Paidotribes
Paidotribes: a trainer for physical activities including athletic exercises and military drills
Paides
Pais/Paides: a boy but also used as the official designation for the youngest group allowed to compete and to exercise in the gymnasion
Skamma
Skamma: the name of the pit where the jumpers landed and where the wrestling ring was formed
Stephaninitic
Stephanitic: applied to the four panhellenic games wher`e only the prize of victory was a crown
Age of the Paleastra Participants
8-13
Age of the Gymnasion participants
14-30
Archaic Period
8th-6th century
Classical
5-4th century
Hellenistic
3rd century to roman times
Charis
Grace… if you are in a superior social situation you can extend grace to other people, those underneath can either accept this or reject it
Homeric Hero
Imbues the concept of the natural; this supports the aristocratic concept that people are good athletes based on their nature (not their hard work)
charis
Grace: if you are in a superior social situation, you can extend your grace to someone; they have the option to either accept or reject
Dolos
deceit/trick
Often times, non-aristocratic people would be portrayed as using tricks to win
physis/nomos
nature/nurture
the ideal warrior for Homer is the good athlete. one who’s skills are based on his social standing
the descriptions are not independent from prevailing ideologies of that time
panathenaic games
a games for all; intended to transform society and democratize athens
aristocratic model
if oyu are not rich, you can not compete in the games
3 other crown games were 100 years after Olympics… WHy?
two things happenening;
-civil stirfe between aristocrats and middle class
-a new war strategy that focuses on the group strength (hoplite phalanx)
the aristocrats needed something to attract the people’s attention away and also get their young unruly youth ou of the city! this was a way of controlling the masses
