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Kinship and Family > Midterm Glossary > Flashcards

Midterm Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

affinal *

A

related through marriage, in-law

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2
Q

age-set

A

a lifelong affiliation of similar-aged persons who pass through various life stages together as a unit; characteristic of East African pastoral societies

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3
Q

altruistic acts

A

individual behaviors that enhance others’ reproductive success while simultaneously reducing one’s own

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4
Q

ambilocal

A

postmarital residence pattern where married couple choose to live with or near the kin of either groom or bride

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5
Q

avunculocal *

A

near the household of the groom’s mother’s brother(s). viri-avunculocal

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6
Q

bilateral kinship *

A

the recognition of kin connections through both parents; bilateral kinship is a universal characteristic.

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7
Q

bilateral society

A

a society that traces kin connections over the generations through both males and females, but without the formation of descent groups.

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8
Q

bridewealth

A

the transfer of wealth from the kin of the groom to the kin of the bride at marriage, aka bride-price

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9
Q

clan

A

a group or category of people who claim to share descent through a common ancestor, but whose genealogical links with one another are obscured and no longer traceable; the common ancestor of the group is often a mythical figure. Can be patrilineal or matrilineal.

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10
Q

class endogamy

A

marriage within a given social class

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11
Q

cognatic descent

A

descent based on any combination of male or female links.

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12
Q

consanguineal

A

related through descent (or blood ties)

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13
Q

corporate group

A

a group of people who collectively share rights, privileges, and liabilities

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14
Q

cross cousins

A

one parent’s opposite sex siblings child

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15
Q

descent

A

a kin group based on descent (patrilineal, matrilineal, or cognatic), relationship defined by connection to ancestors

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16
Q

domestic cycle

A

general stages in the process of family reproduction particular to a given society; as domestic groups move through phases of establishment, expansion, and decline, the composition and structure of these groups will fluctuate.

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17
Q

domestic group

A

people who live together and share resources for their subsistence, aka family and household (family = child rearing, household = unit of economic cooperation)

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18
Q

dowry

A

wealth that accompanies a bride to her marriage

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19
Q

endogamy

A

marriage inside a certain social group or category

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20
Q

exogamy

A

marriage outside a certain social group or category

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21
Q

fraternal polyandry

A

a marriage union in which two or more brothers share one wife

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22
Q

genitor

A

the biological father of a child

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23
Q

ghost marriage

A

the practice whereby a partrilineal kinsmen takes a wife in the name of a deceased man to have children by the woman in that man’s name.

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24
Q

Hawaiian kinship terminology

A

a type of kinship terminology that uses one term for all relatives of the sam sex and generation

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25
Q

hominid

A

a family level classification of primates that includes apes and humans

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26
Q

hypergamy

A

marriage of woman upward into a higher status group

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27
Q

interbreeding depression

A

the detrimental effect over time of high levels of interbreeding to the fitness of a population that has a high frequency of deleterious mutations.

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28
Q

inclusive fitness

A

the process whereby an individual enhances his or her reproductive success through altruistic acts that favor the fitness of others who share some genes in common with that individual, as in the case of close relatives.

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29
Q

in-vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

the process of incubating oocytes with sperm in a petri dish to produce a fertilized embryo

30
Q

Iroquois kinship terminology

A

a type of kinship terminology in which a single term groups F with FB and M with MZ, while separate terms are used for FZ and MB; cross and parallel cousins are distinguished and parallel cousins are classed with siblings.

31
Q

karyotype

A

a chromosome spread prepared for microscopic examination

32
Q

kin selection

A

the process whereby natural selection acts on inclusive fitness.

33
Q

kindred *

A

a set of relatives traced to a particular ego

34
Q

kinship *

A

Relationships based on or modeled after the culturally recognized connection between parents and children. Kinship differs from all other relationships in being based on common genealogical connections.

35
Q

levirate *

A

the practice whereby a man marries the widow of his deceased brother.

36
Q

lineage

A

a group of people who trace their descent to a common ancestor through known links

37
Q

matrilineal descent *

A

descent based on links through females only

38
Q

matrilocal *

A

referring to a postmarital residence pattern in which a married coupld lives in the household or place of the bride’s kin; also called uxorilocal

39
Q

monogamy

A

marriage between two persons, generally a man and a woman.

40
Q

mother-in-law avoidance

A

an interaction between a man and his wife’s mother characterized by respectful restraint

41
Q

multimale, multifemale units

A

groupings of primates that consist of numerous males living and mating with numerous females

42
Q

natolocal

A

a residence pattern whereby husbands and wives reside with their own respective natal groups and so do not live together

43
Q

neolocal *

A

referring to a postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple moves to a new location, living with the kin of neither the groom nor the bride.

44
Q

nonfraternal polyandry *

A

a marriage union in which one woman has two or more husbands who are not brothers

45
Q

nucleus

A

the prominent component of living cells, containing genetic material (DNA) bounded by a membrance

46
Q

one-male units

A

primate units in which one adult male lives and mates with several females

47
Q

oocyte freezing

A

the process of taking oocytes from a woman’s uterus and then freezing them for later use

48
Q

oocytes

A

immature eggs

49
Q

parallel cousins

A

the children of two same-sex siblings

50
Q

parental investment

A

the contributions of parents to the fitness of their offspring

51
Q

pater

A

the legal father of a child

52
Q

patrilneage

A

a group of people who can trace descent from common ancestor through male links and who trace the links among themselves

53
Q

patrilineal descent

A

descent traced through males only

54
Q

patrilocal *

A

referring to a postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the household of the groom’s kin; also called virilocal

55
Q

phratries

A

groupings of two or more clans

56
Q

polyandry *

A

marriage of one woman to two or more men at the same time

57
Q

polygyny *

A

marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time

58
Q

postmarital residence

A

the location in which a a newly married couple will reside

59
Q

primogeniture

A

a pattern of inheritance in which only the eldest son receives a patrimony

60
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

the external physical differences between males and females

61
Q

sexual selection

A

the process by which sex competes for sexual access to the other sex.

62
Q

sororal polygyny *

A

a marriage of two or more sisters to one man

63
Q

sororate

A

the practice whereby a man marries the sister of his deceased wife

64
Q

totemism

A

the symbolic identification of a group of people with a particular plant, animal, or object.

65
Q

unilineal descent

A

descent traced through only one sex, as in the case of matrilineal or patrilineal descent

66
Q

woman-woman marraige

A

the marriage of a barren woman (who counts as a “husband”) to another woman; a genitor is arranged for the “wife,” and the barren woman becomes the legal father of the children.

67
Q

Bride-service *

A

the husband lives with brides parents and works for them for several years after marriage

68
Q

matrilateral *

A

a kin relationship on the mother’s side

69
Q

parallel cousin *

A

the children of one’s parents’ same-sex siblings

70
Q

patrilateral *

A

a kin relationship on the father’s side

71
Q

segmentary lineages/clans *

A

divide into smaller less inclusive groups or larger more inclusive groups

Kinship and Family (2 decks)

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