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Kinship and Family > Midterm Glossary > Flashcards

Midterm Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

affinal *

A

related through marriage, in-law

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2
Q

age-set

A

a lifelong affiliation of similar-aged persons who pass through various life stages together as a unit; characteristic of East African pastoral societies

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3
Q

altruistic acts

A

individual behaviors that enhance others’ reproductive success while simultaneously reducing one’s own

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4
Q

ambilocal

A

postmarital residence pattern where married couple choose to live with or near the kin of either groom or bride

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5
Q

avunculocal *

A

near the household of the groom’s mother’s brother(s). viri-avunculocal

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6
Q

bilateral kinship *

A

the recognition of kin connections through both parents; bilateral kinship is a universal characteristic.

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7
Q

bilateral society

A

a society that traces kin connections over the generations through both males and females, but without the formation of descent groups.

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8
Q

bridewealth

A

the transfer of wealth from the kin of the groom to the kin of the bride at marriage, aka bride-price

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9
Q

clan

A

a group or category of people who claim to share descent through a common ancestor, but whose genealogical links with one another are obscured and no longer traceable; the common ancestor of the group is often a mythical figure. Can be patrilineal or matrilineal.

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10
Q

class endogamy

A

marriage within a given social class

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11
Q

cognatic descent

A

descent based on any combination of male or female links.

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12
Q

consanguineal

A

related through descent (or blood ties)

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13
Q

corporate group

A

a group of people who collectively share rights, privileges, and liabilities

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14
Q

cross cousins

A

one parent’s opposite sex siblings child

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15
Q

descent

A

a kin group based on descent (patrilineal, matrilineal, or cognatic), relationship defined by connection to ancestors

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16
Q

domestic cycle

A

general stages in the process of family reproduction particular to a given society; as domestic groups move through phases of establishment, expansion, and decline, the composition and structure of these groups will fluctuate.

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17
Q

domestic group

A

people who live together and share resources for their subsistence, aka family and household (family = child rearing, household = unit of economic cooperation)

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18
Q

dowry

A

wealth that accompanies a bride to her marriage

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19
Q

endogamy

A

marriage inside a certain social group or category

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20
Q

exogamy

A

marriage outside a certain social group or category

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21
Q

fraternal polyandry

A

a marriage union in which two or more brothers share one wife

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22
Q

genitor

A

the biological father of a child

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23
Q

ghost marriage

A

the practice whereby a partrilineal kinsmen takes a wife in the name of a deceased man to have children by the woman in that man’s name.

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24
Q

Hawaiian kinship terminology

A

a type of kinship terminology that uses one term for all relatives of the sam sex and generation

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25
hominid
a family level classification of primates that includes apes and humans
26
hypergamy
marriage of woman upward into a higher status group
27
interbreeding depression
the detrimental effect over time of high levels of interbreeding to the fitness of a population that has a high frequency of deleterious mutations.
28
inclusive fitness
the process whereby an individual enhances his or her reproductive success through altruistic acts that favor the fitness of others who share some genes in common with that individual, as in the case of close relatives.
29
in-vitro fertilization (IVF)
the process of incubating oocytes with sperm in a petri dish to produce a fertilized embryo
30
Iroquois kinship terminology
a type of kinship terminology in which a single term groups F with FB and M with MZ, while separate terms are used for FZ and MB; cross and parallel cousins are distinguished and parallel cousins are classed with siblings.
31
karyotype
a chromosome spread prepared for microscopic examination
32
kin selection
the process whereby natural selection acts on inclusive fitness.
33
kindred *
a set of relatives traced to a particular ego
34
kinship *
Relationships based on or modeled after the culturally recognized connection between parents and children. Kinship differs from all other relationships in being based on common genealogical connections.
35
levirate *
the practice whereby a man marries the widow of his deceased brother.
36
lineage
a group of people who trace their descent to a common ancestor through known links
37
matrilineal descent *
descent based on links through females only
38
matrilocal *
referring to a postmarital residence pattern in which a married coupld lives in the household or place of the bride's kin; also called uxorilocal
39
monogamy
marriage between two persons, generally a man and a woman.
40
mother-in-law avoidance
an interaction between a man and his wife's mother characterized by respectful restraint
41
multimale, multifemale units
groupings of primates that consist of numerous males living and mating with numerous females
42
natolocal
a residence pattern whereby husbands and wives reside with their own respective natal groups and so do not live together
43
neolocal *
referring to a postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple moves to a new location, living with the kin of neither the groom nor the bride.
44
nonfraternal polyandry *
a marriage union in which one woman has two or more husbands who are not brothers
45
nucleus
the prominent component of living cells, containing genetic material (DNA) bounded by a membrance
46
one-male units
primate units in which one adult male lives and mates with several females
47
oocyte freezing
the process of taking oocytes from a woman's uterus and then freezing them for later use
48
oocytes
immature eggs
49
parallel cousins
the children of two same-sex siblings
50
parental investment
the contributions of parents to the fitness of their offspring
51
pater
the legal father of a child
52
patrilneage
a group of people who can trace descent from common ancestor through male links and who trace the links among themselves
53
patrilineal descent
descent traced through males only
54
patrilocal *
referring to a postmarital residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the household of the groom's kin; also called virilocal
55
phratries
groupings of two or more clans
56
polyandry *
marriage of one woman to two or more men at the same time
57
polygyny *
marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time
58
postmarital residence
the location in which a a newly married couple will reside
59
primogeniture
a pattern of inheritance in which only the eldest son receives a patrimony
60
sexual dimorphism
the external physical differences between males and females
61
sexual selection
the process by which sex competes for sexual access to the other sex.
62
sororal polygyny *
a marriage of two or more sisters to one man
63
sororate
the practice whereby a man marries the sister of his deceased wife
64
totemism
the symbolic identification of a group of people with a particular plant, animal, or object.
65
unilineal descent
descent traced through only one sex, as in the case of matrilineal or patrilineal descent
66
woman-woman marraige
the marriage of a barren woman (who counts as a "husband") to another woman; a genitor is arranged for the "wife," and the barren woman becomes the legal father of the children.
67
Bride-service *
the husband lives with brides parents and works for them for several years after marriage
68
matrilateral *
a kin relationship on the mother's side
69
parallel cousin *
the children of one's parents' same-sex siblings
70
patrilateral *
a kin relationship on the father's side
71
segmentary lineages/clans *
divide into smaller less inclusive groups or larger more inclusive groups

Kinship and Family (2 decks)

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