midterm / final Flashcards
what is public health?
- science of protecting and improving the health of people and communities
- promoting healthy lifestyles, researching disease and injury prevention, detecting, preventing and responding to infectious diseases
- concerned with protecting the health of the entire population
what are the goals of public health?
- prevention and intervention
- primary prevention: prevents an illness or injury from occurring and minimising exposure to risk factors
- secondary prevention: minimise the severity of the illness or damage once the event has occurred
- tertiary prevention: minimise disability by providing medical care and rehab processes
Who were the Sanitarians? Give an example
- public health specialists who identified risks and enforce environmental regulations, health and safety
- eg. Sir Edwin Chadwick?
Who were the bacteriologists - give an example?
- specialised scientist who studies microorganisms and bacteria
Who were the miasmists
- Edwin Chadwick
- Henry Whitehead
- William Farr
assessment
a process to learn about a patients condition
assurance
ensuring the findings gathered through assessment are effectively implemented
economic impact
measuring the burden of disease and illness on financial states
social justice
suggests the minimal levels of income, basic housing, employment, education and health care should be seen as fundamental rights
PERIE
- problem
- identify risks
- design programs
- implementation
- monitor
etiology
how the disease is transmitted
quarantine
a place of isolation in which people that may have been exposed to a disease or illness
immunisation
the action of making a person resistant to a particular infectious disease or pathogen typically through a vaccine
index case
the first person in a group of related cases of a particular communicable or heritable diseases
host
individuals who are exposed to and harbour the disease
reservoir
the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows and multiplies
susceptibles
a person who is easily affected by a disease
acute infections
- symptoms occur very rapidly after infection occurs
- once recovered, resistance may arise
chronic infections
- responds to agent immunologically but virus doesn’t clear entirely
- chronic infections require fewer susceptibles than acute infections and can be maintained in smaller populations
- eg. HIV/ AIDS
disease transmission
transmission occurs when a person with an infectious disease touches or exchanges bodily fluids with someone else
chain of infection
- susceptible host
- infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
health disparities and their consequence for disease prevention
- Socioeconomic status, race, religion, access to healthcare, where you live, health literacy
- consequences: increased disease, lack of treatment, low or no vaccinations
market justice
emphasises individual responsibility, minimal obligation to the common good, and the “fundamental freedom to all individuals to be left alone”
individual freedom
freedom of the person in going and coming, equality before the courts, security of private property, freedom of opinion and its expression, and freedom of conscience subject to the rights of others and of the public compare personal liberty
marginal populations
populations which has systematically experienced greater obstacles to health based on their racial or ethnic group, religion, SES etc
tragedy of the commons
the overuse of a shared resource, such as fish or timber stock, or population of a shared resource, such as the air or water, because each individual cares more about his or her own interests than the interests of the population as a whole
chain of evidence
a process and record that shows who obtained the evidence; where and when the evidence was obtained; who secured the evidence; and who has control or possession of the evidence
what is a communicable disease?
- illnesses that are causes by viruses/bacteria that spread through contaminated surfaces/bodily fluids etc
disease
particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury
illness
subjective term relating to an individuals experience of mental or physical sensations or states
what is an epidemic?
spread of an infectious agent reflecting in one place among the people rapidly
pathogen
any organism that causes disease