Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NR511 - Differential Diagnosis > Midterm - Eye disorders > Flashcards

Midterm - Eye disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Viral conjunctivitis - signs and symptoms

A
  • Can present with or without cold symptoms.
  • itchy red eyes
  • clear to no drainage
  • preauricular lymph node swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cause of viral conjunctivitis

A

Usually caused by the adenovirus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Preauricular lymph node swelling is common with which type of conjunctivitis

A

Viral conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In viral conjunctivitis if skin vesicles are present with dendrite appearance, this is characteristic of what?

A

HSV1-HSV2 conjunctivitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Patient education for conjunctivitis

A
  1. How to administer drops w/o touching eye
  2. Throw all makeup away and start fresh
  3. Dispose of contact lenses
  4. Bacterial conjunctivitis is very contagious, stay home until 24 hours of antibiotic treatment or as soon as redness and discharge has improved
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Viral conjunctivitis treatments

A
  1. Pyrimidine eye drops
  2. Acyclovir (PO)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis treatment

A
  1. erythromycin
  2. azithromycin
  3. Trimethoprim
  4. neomycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis

A
  1. Red eye with crusted eyelid
  2. Visual acuity normal
  3. Watery/itching eyes
  4. Photophobia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cataracts

A

Opacity in the lens of the eye.

Causes gradual, painless and progressive loss of vision.

Surgery only when cataract is big enough.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signs and symptoms of cataracts

A
  1. lack of red reflex
  2. blurred or distorted vision
  3. complaints of glare when driving at night or when there is bright light
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blepharitis

A

Inflammation of the eyelid margin that is caused by staph infection at the lash base and dysfunctional meiobian glands

  • Treated with 0.5% bacitracin ointment
  • For resistant infections order a quinolone antibacterial ointment or a sulfacetamide/corticosteroid combination that has shown to be effective against staph. Discontinue the bacitracin if starting this.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chalazion

A

Cyst or small lump or swelling which develops in the eyelid as a result of a blockage in a gland. Not usually painful

If it persists for more than 4 weeks needs referral to ophthalmologist for incision and drainage, biopsy or local injection with glucocorticoids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs and symptoms of dry eyes

A
  1. Usually affects both eyes
  2. Feels like sand in the eyes when blinking
  3. May feel hot, irriated, gritty and become red
  4. Blurred vision
  5. Lack of tears
  6. Burning
  7. Itching
  8. Foreign body sensation
  9. Sensitivity to light
  10. Loss of glossy appearance of cornea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

First line treatment for dry eyes

A

Educate your patient.

  1. Goggles when swimming
  2. preservative free artificial tears
  3. Rest from computer and electronic devices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Assessment for dry eyes

A
  1. Get a good history
    - current meds
    - symptoms
    - joint pain
    - genital discharge
    - rash
    -smoking history/exposure
  2. Tests
    - Slit lamp exam or Schirmer test to measure lacrimal secretions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epiphora

A

Overflow of tears onto the face instead of into the lacrimal ducts. Caused by insufficient tear film drainage.

Common in the elderly and those with allergies.

17
Q

Treatment for epiphora

A
  1. For trauma or infection – topical antibiotics
  2. Do not use corticosteroid or anesthetic eye drops at they block healing and increases the risk for infection.
18
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

Bright red blood in a sharply defined area surrounded by normal-appearing conjunctiva.

Resolves on its own in 4 weeks.

Patients with vision changes or more extensive hemorrhage should be referred to ophthalmologist or ER

19
Q

Risk factors for subconjuntival hemorrhage

A
  1. Valsalva maneuvers
  2. Blood thinners
  3. Diabetes
  4. HTN
20
Q

Herpes zoster opthalmicus

A

Shingles involving the eye or surrounding area. Signs and symptoms include:

  • Rash on the forehead
  • swelling of the eyelid
  • eye pain/tenderness
  • inflammation of conjunctiva, cornea, uvea,
  • photophobia
  • mucoid discharge
  • Fever may precede rash

Treatment: acyclovir (within 72 hours of onset if possible)

21
Q

First line of treatment for herpes zoster opthalmicus

A

Prevention through vaccination

22
Q

Hordeolum

A

Small, red, painful lump in the edge of the eyelid usually caused by bacterial infection.

  • Red, hot, very tender, swelling near edge of eyelid.
  • Most cases resolve without treatment

NR511 - Differential Diagnosis (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions