Midterm exams Flashcards
Racism
Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism aimed at someone of a different race. This is based on someone thinking that their own race is superior.
Prejudice
Unsubstantiated (belief with no proof), negative pre-judgement of a person/group, usually based on ethnicity, religion, or race.
Discrimination
An action/decision that treats a person/group negatively due to things like their race, age, or disability.
Racialized persons
people, other than indigenous, who are not white in race or in colour
Racialization
a process where some societies construct races as different and unequal in ways that matter to economic, political, and social life
Racial profiling
any action taken for reasons of safety, security or public protection against a person based on stereotypes about their race, colour, ethnicity….instead of being based on reasonable suspicion.
What was the “60’s Scoop?”
The 60’s scoop happened between the 1960’s to the 1980’s. Up to 16,000 indigenous kids were ripped away from their families by child welfare workers and they were placed in non-indigenous families across Canada, U.S, and the UK.
What impact did the “60’s scoop” have on indigenous children?
Besides the loss of identity, this lead to addiction, mental health issues, and fractured lives.
System of tuberculosis sanitoriums and its effect on indigenous children
Back when TB was the leading cause of death in Canada (1867), anyone infected would be put into hospitals designed to isolate them from everyone else. This resulted in the loss of language for indigenous kids
What are the 3 main challenges that place indigenous women at risk at being victimized
1) Stereotypes held of them by Canadian society
2) The living arrangements such as household crowding
3) Unemployment
What is the Black Experience Project?
Made in Toronto for sheds light on issues in the lives of Black people in Canada. Issues being addressed are education, physical health, mental health, employment, and community safety (blacks being victimized by police)
Re-victimization
When someone has already gone through the trauma of the crime, but come to feel worse by the actions of criminal justice officials (ex. sexual assault victims being blamed)
How does racism, prejudice, and discrimination play their role in Canadian society
Often manifested in racial profiling, racialization of groups/individuals and not giving equal opportunities to people of minority groups
Policing
Incl. public and private police. Activities of an individual/organization acting LEGALLY on behalf of public/private organization/persons to MAINTAIN SECURITY OR SOCIAL ORDER while empowered by contract
Pluralization of policing
An extension of policing beyond the public police (parapolice and private security) but have limited powers of enforcement
The two perspectives of policing
1) Social contract perspective
2) The radical perspective
Social contract perpective
Views the police as a political NEUTRAL force that acts to enforce the law and protect the public and when they do use force against citizens, it is justified under the social contract vision of society.
The radical perspective
Views the police as used by the governments and powerful interests to suppress opposition, prevent protest, and maintain the status quo. Never politically neutral.
Political policing
secretive police investigative activities and surveillance of people/groups that were seen as a threat to the stability of the status quo of the state
Four Key values that the Law Commission of Canada identified to explain police work in Canadian society
1) Justice: maintain peace, security, fair treatment and human rights be respected
2) Equality: All citizens are entitled to police services
3) Accountability: Actions of PO are subject to review
4) Efficiency: policing services must be cost-effective
Police acts
the legislative framework for police service
Policing standards
provisions that set out how police services are to be maintained and delivered
Police boards and police commissions
Bodies that provides oversight of police
the 3 traditional views on police activities
1) Crime control
2) Order maintenance
3) Crime prevention and service
“The police role has become much more multifaceted in recent years, often referred to as _____”
diversification
“police services are being asked to address non-law enforcement issues. The police are required to fill gaps in service that are the responsibility of other agencies. This is known as _______”
downloading
Core policing
also known as quality of life policing which involves the police playing a multifaceted role in the community. (page 76)
Sir Robert Peel
He made the first full time police force in London in 1829 to increase fear of crime and disorder associated with the Industrial Revolution. Also introduced the concept of community police stations.
