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Construction Materials > Midterm Exams > Flashcards

Midterm Exams Flashcards

1
Q

Studies and manipulates the composition and structure of materials across length scales to control materials properties through synthesis and processing.

A

Material science & engineering

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2
Q
  • Study the relationship between synthesis, processing, structure, and properties
    of materials
A

Material Science

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3
Q
  • How to translate materials into useful devices
A

Material Engineering

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4
Q

Principal materials used in the building of structures and machines

A

Engineering materials -

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5
Q
  • Function, Material, Shape, Process
A

Material Selection Components

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6
Q
  • Support routine information on the quality of a product. Develop new/better
    information on known materials or to develop new materials
A

Material Testing

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7
Q
  • Obtain/Discover new properties of materials
A

Material Research

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8
Q
  • involves the idea that the outcome may be uncertain
A

Experiment

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9
Q
  • involves the idea of a more or less established procedure and that the limits of the results
    are generally defined
A

Testing

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10
Q

Difference lies on location of the test

A

Field Tests vs Laboratory Tests -

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11
Q

A type of test that needs to destroy the material to gather data (Compressive
test)

A

Destructive Test -

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12
Q
  • A type of test that does not need to destroy the material to gather data
A

Nondestructive test

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13
Q
  • Observation of the processes and products of manufacture or construction for the
    purpose of ensuring the presence of desired qualities
A

Inspection

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14
Q

Design Process

A

a. Initial Design
b. Phase 1: External Loads (Statics & Dynamics)
c. Phase 2: Internal Loads (Mechanics of Deformable Bodies)
d. Phase 3: Material Selection (Material Testing)
e. Phase 4: Member Dimension (RCD, Steel, Timber)
f. Final Design

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15
Q

Focuses on determining/identifying material properties

A

Material Testing -

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16
Q

Properties that relate to the behavior of materials under the application of forces

A

Mechanical Properties of Materials -

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17
Q
  • Measures by stress at which some specified limiting condition is developed
A

Strength

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18
Q
  • Point where stress is proportional to strain
A

Proportional Limit

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19
Q
  • Pont where, after being loaded, a member can still return to its original shape
A

Elastic Limit

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20
Q

Point where permanent deformation can be expected after a member is being loaded

A

Yield point -

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21
Q
  • Highest stress on the stress-strain diagram
A

Ultimate strength

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22
Q

The stress where failure occurs

A

Rupture strength -

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23
Q
  • A machine used to obtain the stress-strain diagram
A

Universal Testing Machine

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24
Q
  • Ability of a material to be deformed without permanent deformation
A

Elasticity

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25
Q
  • Completely recovers its original shape and dimension after the release of stress
A

Perfectly Elastic

26
Q
  • Describes the ability of a material to undergo permanent deformation without rupture
A

Plasticity

27
Q
  • Relative deformability of a material under load. Measured by rate of stress with respect
    to strain
A

Stiffness

28
Q
  • Relative deformability of a material under bending load especially in the plastic range
A

Flexibility

29
Q
  • The capacity of a material to absorb/store energy
A

Energy Capacity

30
Q
  • The energy absorbed in stressing a material to the elastic limit
A

Elastic Resilience

31
Q
  • Energy lost
A

Hysteresis

32
Q
  • Involves energy required to rupture a material
A

Toughness

33
Q
  • Breakdown of an object (such as metal, concrete or plastic) due to various factors that affect the strength, stability and chemical composition of the object’s structure.
A

Material Failure

34
Q
  • Relative to a limiting condition
A

Micro perspective on failure

35
Q
  • Relative to an acceptable performance
A

Macro perspective on failure

36
Q

3 Modes of failure

A

a. Slip/flow - occurs under shearing stress
b. Separation - action induced by tensile stress
c. Buckling - a phenomenon induced by compression

37
Q
  • Primary factor to permanent plastic deformation of materials and metals. Occurs under a given
    stress
A

Slip

38
Q
  • Imperfections in the crystalline lattice
A

Dislocations

39
Q
  • An amorphous/liquid deformation of materials which can be visualized as a characteristic
    between that of a crystalline and viscous liquid
A

Flow

40
Q
  • The deformation under circumstances where temperature is elevated, and material is exposed to static mechanical stress. Occurs on elevated temperatures & static load
A

Creep

41
Q
  • The actual tearing apart of a portion or the whole member
A

Fracture

42
Q
  • Shows evidences of slip which does not fracture unless there is a distinct
    “necking down”. Provide signs before the actual tear.
A

Ductile Materials

43
Q
  • Shows signs of slip but they usually fracture without signs of any appreciable flow of the material. Destructive, unpredictable, sudden
A

Brittle Materials

44
Q
  • Type of load where the material either withstands or fails
A

Static Loading

45
Q
  • Type of load where the material forms a nucleus for damage and spreads until the whole member fails
A

Repeated Loading

46
Q
  • Takes place gradually and rarely causes sudden or dramatic structural damage.
    Predominantly affects the economics of engineering materials through maintenance costs.
A

Corrosion & Wear

47
Q
  • The process of decay on a material caused by a chemical reaction with its environment
A

Corrosion

48
Q
  • Type of corrosion that has an even attack of oxidation across the surface of a
    metal material
A

Uniform Corrosion

49
Q
  • Type of corrosion that targets a specific area in a metal’s structure
A

Localized Corrosion

50
Q
  • Type of corrosion that occurs when two dissimilar metals are in contact with
    each other in the presence of an electrolyte
A

Galvanic Corrosion

51
Q
  • Type of corrosion that occurs when metals are exposed to various
    environmental conditions
A

Environmental Corrosion

52
Q
  • Type of corrosion that is caused by high temperature oxidation and
    carbonization
A

High-Temperature Corrosion

53
Q
  • The continuing loss of material from the surface of a solid body due to mechanical action
A

Mechanical Wear

54
Q

Takes place when a machine or structure ceases to function properly on account of excessive deformation, yielding, cracking, or fracture. Assumed to be caused by excessive stress

A

Structural Damage -

55
Q

Steps in Analyzing Structural Damage/Cause of Failure

A

a. Observation
b. Hypothesis
c. Computations
d. Verifications

56
Q
  • A theory of failure that states stress (singular) being the cause
    of structural damage. Failure will occur when the maximum principal stress in the structure reaches
    the maximum stress at the elastic limit
A

Maximum-Principal Stress Theory

57
Q
  • A theory of failure applicable for ductile materials. Failure will
    occur when the magnitude of the maximum shear stress in the part exceeds the shear strength
A

Maximum-Shear Stress Theory

58
Q
  • A theory of failure applicable for brittle materials. Failure will
    occur when the maximum tensile/compressive stress in the part exceeds the ultimate
    tensile/compressive strength
A

Maximum-Normal Stress Theory

59
Q
  • A theory of failure that takes into account combined energy of all the combined
    stresses in the damaged region is the cause of structural damage
A

Total-Strain Theory

60
Q
  • The intensity of an internal force in a body which resists external force acting on the body
A

Stress

61
Q

What is ASTM

A

American society for testing materials

Construction Materials (2 decks)

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