Midterm Exam Study Notes Flashcards
When did nursing theorists start using the term client instead of patient?
1960’s
The person is part of and interacts with a complex environmental system. What might this environment include?
Persons family & social ties
The community
Health care system
Geopolitical issues that affect health
What factors influence the development of a child’s self-concept?
Parents and family members Relationships with others Gender Developmental stage Socioeconomic status Culture Environment
What happens to someone’s self esteem when they lose a job?
They will lose their position related identity and self perceptions may be altered or diminished
Self concept is based on a few stages including…
- a sense of competency and mastery of prior and new experiences
- perceived reactions of other people to own body
- ongoing perceptions and interpretations of other people’s thoughts and feelings
- personal and professional relationships
- collective beliefs and images one holds about oneself
- academic and employment related identity
- racial and ethnic identity
- sexual identity
- personality structure
- perceptions of events
- personal appearance and physical attractiveness
- current feelings about physical,emotional, and social self
- self expectations
What is reinforcement extinction?
Certain behaviours become common or are avoided, depending on weatherthey are approved and reinforced or are discouraged and punished
What is inhibition?
An individual learns to refrain from certain behaviours, even when tempted to engage in them
What is substitution?
An individual replaces one behaviour with another, which provided the same personal gratification
What is imitation?
An individual acquires skills or behaviours by observing and then imitating other group members
What is Identification?
An individual internalizes the beliefs, behaviours? And values of the role models into a personal, unique expression of self
What are some identity stressors?
Puberty
Menopause
Retirement
Decreasing physical abilities
What are the body image stressors?
Appearance change
Structure change
What are the types of role performance stressors?
Role conflict-when Simone assumes two or more roles
Role ambiguity- unclear role expectations
Role strain- feeling unsuited for a new role
Role overload- having more roles and responsibilities within one role
What is isotonic exercise & examples
Muscle contraction and changes in muscle length
Ex- walking, swimming, Dance, jogging
What is isometric exercise
Tightening a muscle and holding it for a number of seconds
What is resistive isometric exercise?
Contraction of muscle while pushing against a stationary object
What is the most restorative of the Sleep stages?
Delta
Psychosocially healthy people self concept…
Feel good about themselves
Psychosocially healthy people on social environment…
- feel comfortable with other people
- enrich the lives of others
- appreciate and respect natured
Psychosocially healthy people on emotions…
- control tension and anxiety
- maintains a positive outlook
- curb hate and guilt
Psychosocially healthy people on role function…
- values diversity
- meet the demands of life
Signs of an emotionally healthy person include…
-respond appropriately to upsetting events
-
What are the external factors influencing psychosocial health?
- reactions from experiences and expectations
- family influences
- the wider environment
What are the internal factors influencing psychosocial health?
- heredity traits
- physical health and fitness
- mental/emotional health
What is self efficacy?
It refers to the beliefs about ones ability to perform specific tasks for example driving, public speaking, studying
How to develop and maintain self efficacy and self esteem
- find a support group
- complete required tasks
- form realistic expectations
- make time for yourself
- maintain physical health
- examine problems and seek help
What is the fourth leading cause of death?
Depression
What are the effects of long work hours?
Depression, smoking, weight gain, alcohol consumption, cancer, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, decreased physical activity
What is spirituality?
- an individuals sense of peace, purpose, and connection
- beliefs about the meaning of life
- quest for answers to ultimate questions
How is it beneficial to focus on your spiritual health?
- improved health and longevity
- better ability to cope with illness
- effective stress management
If your BMI is less than 18.5
Underweight
If your BMI is 18.5-24.9
Healthy weight
if your BMI is 25.0-29.9
Overweight
If your BMI is 30.0
Obese
What is a MET?
The ratio of the rate of energy expended during an activity to the rate of energy expended at rest
Compare distress vs eustress
Dis-damaging stress
Eu-stress that protects health
General adaptation syndrome
- alarm reaction
- resistance stage
- exhaustion stage
Primary appraisal
Identification of harm, loss, or threat, or challenges the persons experiences
Secondary appraisal
If stress persists- focus on coping
What different levels may people respond to stress in?
- giving up
- striking out at others
- self indulging activities
- defender coping
- constructive coping
