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Biology 2 Lab > Midterm Exam Review > Flashcards

Midterm Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first step of the scientific method?

A

Ask a question

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2
Q

What is the second step of the scientific method?

A

Conduct background research

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3
Q

What is the third step of the scientific method?

A

Form a hypothesis

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4
Q

What is the fourth step of the scientific method?

A

Conduct and design an experiment

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5
Q

What is the fifth step of the scientific method?

A

Analyze data

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6
Q

What is the sixth step of the scientific method?

A

Draw conclusions and communicate results

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7
Q

What is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses and facts?

A

A theory

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8
Q

What is an educated guess/inference as to what will happen in an experiment on the natural world?

A

A hypothesis

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9
Q

How do you calculate magnification?

A

Objective lense x 10

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10
Q

What specialized cell do cyanobacteria possess to fix nitrogen?

A

Heterocysts

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11
Q

How do cyanobacteria participate in a symbiotic relationship with plants?

A

Cyanobacteria gain protection, shelter, and food in the form of sugar
Plants gain nitrogen to perform photosynthesis

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12
Q

What is the first step of the gram staining process?

A

Heat fix the bacteria to the slide under flame for 3 swipes

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13
Q

What is the second step of the gram staining process?

A

Flood slide with crystal violet for 1 minute then rinse with D.I. water for 10 seconds

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14
Q

What is the third step of the gram staining process?

A

Flood slide with iodine for 1 minute then rinse with D.I. water for 10 seconds

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15
Q

What is the fourth step of the gram staining process?

A

Rinse slid with alcohol for 10 seconds then rinse with D.I. water for 10 seconds

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16
Q

What is the fifth step of the gram staining process?

A

Flood slide with safranin for 45 seconds then rinse with D.I. water for 10 seconds

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17
Q

Gram positive bacteria have a ______ peptidoglycan cell wall and appear _____ in color

A

Thick, purple

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18
Q

Gram negative bacteria have a ______ peptidoglycan cell wall and appear _____ in color

A

Thin, pink

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19
Q

Name the components of a gram positive bacterial cell wall?

A

Thick peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, cytoplasmic membrane

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20
Q

Name the components of a gram negative bacterial cell wall?

A

Outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharides, cytoplasmic membrane, membrane proteins

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21
Q

Define attributes of prokaryotes

A

no nucleus, free floating DNA, very small, ribosomes, no membrane bound organelles

22
Q

Define attributes of eukaryotes

A

DNA enclosed in nucleus, very large, membrane bound organelles

23
Q

On a phylogenetic tree, which group contains all common ancestors and all descendants?

A

Monophyletic

24
Q

On a phylogenetic tree, which group contains partial common ancestors and all descendants?

A

Polyphyletic

25
Q

On a phylogenetic tree, which group contains all common ancestors and partial descendants?

A

Paraphyletic

26
Q

What is the concept where species that are better suited for an environment will produce more offspring and pass on those alleles or traits?

A

Natural selection

27
Q

What is the concept where there is a random change in the frequency of a gene variant, or allele, in a population over time?

A

Genetic drift

28
Q

What is the type of evolution where species acquire enough distinct characteristics and become two separate species

A

Divergent evolution

29
Q

What is the type of evolution where two unrelated species display similar homologies or occupy similar ecological niches?

A

Convergent evolution

30
Q

What is unique about supergroup excavata?

A

They have a excavated feeding groove from the cell surface.

31
Q

What makes excavata flexible?

A

Protein ribbons

32
Q

Trypanosoma’s are kinetoplastid excavata protists, what helps them swim?

A

Undulating membrane, composed of the flagella and the cell wall

33
Q

Is euglena from the excavata supergroup photosynthetic?

A

Yes

34
Q

Stamenopila are a group of protists who swim using what?

A

Straw-like harline projections on the surface of their flagella

35
Q

Why are diatoms, a member of the stramenopila supergroup so important?

A

The provide an estimated 25% of all organic carbon fixation on the planet and are a source of atmospheric oxygen.

36
Q

What are diatoms cell wall composed of?

A

Silicone dioxide

37
Q

The alveolata supergroup contain what kinds of sacs?

A

Air filled sacs hypothesized to be used for ion transport

38
Q

Dinoflagellates are members of alveolata and use what as armor?

A

Cellulose plates

39
Q

Dinoflagellates are import in what ecological roles?

A

As endosymbionts of coral and red tide

40
Q

What is a directional behavior and response to a stimulus?

A

Taxis

41
Q

Does a paramecium sp. exhibit taxis?

A

Yes

42
Q

Why are rhizaria important

A

They transport carbon from the surface of the ocean to the ocean floor

43
Q

How do rhizaria move?

A

Pseudopodia

44
Q

Unikota supergroup contains amoeba sp., how does amoeba sp. move?

A

Pseudopodia and cytoplasmic streaming

45
Q

How are seaweeds primary producers?

A

They photosynthesize and produce sugar, seaweed is used as a habitat and food source for various marine creatures

46
Q

If a plant has a root system, stems, leaves, is well defined, and very large, how would you classify it?

A

Vascular

47
Q

How would we know if a plant is not vascular?

A

It lacks root systems, or fruit, seeds, etc.

48
Q

What is a sprophyte?

A

Diploid, multicellular, spore producing, adults organism

49
Q

What is a gametophyte?

A

Haploid phase of plant development where it developes into a sporophyte

50
Q

What is the dominant generation sporophyte or gametophyte?

A

Sporophyte

51
Q
A

Biology 2 Lab (1 decks)

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